In the old Liwan district. It is some residential houses with Xiguan characteristics.
Inside the Liwan Museum is the Xiguan Folk Museum, which was built after the authentic Xiguan Daiya, and there is a detailed introduction of the Daiya's features. Tickets used to be 8 yuan, I don't know if the price has been reduced now.
Aerospace wonders in the past to transfer.
In Aerospace Wonderland, take 224A/224 to Jincheng Garden/Dongjun Plaza/Yangcheng Evening News/Tumor Hospital/Yuexiu Bridge/Orthopaedic Bone Hospital/Dongfengzhong Road/Zhongshan Memorial Hall and transfer to 2 to Pantang Terminal. Get off the bus and enter the Xiguan Antique City next to the Panshi Restaurant, pay attention to the left hand side.
If you are trying to see the houses, usually people live in them and can not go inside to visit. There are some Xiguan houses on Sanlianzhi Street on Longjin West Road and Fengyuan Street near the Liwan Museum.
Where are the Xiguan houses in Guangzhou?
Xiguan Dajia is the residence of the old Guangzhou merchants and rich gentry, Guangzhou's Xiguan Dajia, mainly concentrated in the western part of the city, Liwan District, Feng Yuan Road, Bao Hua Street, Duo Bao Street near the number of existing from the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, more than 800 to less than 100, of which there are only about 10 preservation value, and due to the reasons of urban construction, many of the Xiguan Dajia are facing the demolition of the situation. Xiguan big house distribution
1, 18 Fu Fu Shan area. Aiyu New Street was "Haishan Xiankan" master Pan Shicheng old house, a group of Xiguan big family also built houses in the middle. 2, Yang Lane, Yang Renli area. For Guangzhou's main cloth and medicinal herbs merchants market concentration point, the occupants are mostly merchants and women, the building is small and delicate. 3, twelve Fu area. Famous for the Huang Qun House in Xiguan Pingdi. Huang family courtyard wide, rich party, so there is the Xiguan Pingdi Huang said, connected to the Xiguan big houses, the Qing dynasty scholar Liang Yaoshu ancient house, on the building in the location of today's Tao Tao residence. 4, Bao Hua, sixteen Fu lot. A lot of big houses, within the Zhong family garden is famous. Master Zhong Xiqi, word Zhonghuan (Qing Hanlin). House has buildings, rooms, pavilions, corridors and other buildings, the garden has a pond, planting lotus, and there is "a fist stone" and the name of the "Shouzhi phase" of the restaurant, so there is a fist stone Zhai, two Sheik Xuan, three elegant Hall, four times spring, Jin Fu Zhai, Yu Ming Hall, incense stone Zhai, nest smoke Pavilion, Jianshou Pavilion Yun murmuring water pavilion, etc., its structure and layout is very Lingnan garden characteristics. 5, Fengyuan, Baoyuan area. The famous garden building small boat lounge was built in the treasure source street, building land of more than 2800 square meters, its building layout elegant, hall and study are separated from the inner courtyard, living room cool as autumn, the courtyard has a two-story boat building. Fung Yuen North Street area there are Chen's compound (Chen Lianbo family) and connected to the Xiguan Daiya group. 6, Duo Bao area (Duo Bao Street, Duo Bao Square area). There are Deng Huaxi six poi over the first house, the owner of Deng, Guangdong Shunde people, the official in the second grade, served as governor of Anhui and other posts. Qing dynasty detective Li Wentian residence built in Duo Bao Fang, six connected. Deng residence, Li residence of the main room are four columns hall, than the general Xiguan big house looks more expensive and luxurious.
What are the characteristics of the Xiguan houses in Lingnan?
To understand the culture of Guangzhou preferred Xiguan, that is the epitome of Lingnan culture; Xiguan Daxue is the essence of Xiguan architectural culture.
Xiguan, in the Ming Dynasty has become the commercial center of Guangzhou city, eighteen Fu in the Ming Dynasty has gradually formed. And Xiguanjiao was formed in the Qing Dynasty during the Tongzhi and Guangxu years, the scope of which includes Wenchang Bridge, Daguan Bridge, Pantang, and the area around Changhua Garden.
Specifically, during the Qianjia period, the rich merchants who gathered in Xiguan built traditional Guangzhou folk houses with Lingnan characteristics in the area of "Xiguanjiao" in the thirteen rows of the prosperous commercial district, which was called "Xiguan Daiya". It absorbed the characteristics of garden architecture and household in the Central Plains, combined with the characteristics of the Lingnan climate, and formed a unique local style.
Xiguan big house is tall and bright, hall group combination, elegant interior decoration, can be said to set the arts and crafts of the great, wood and stone brick carvings, ceramic molding gray molding, frescoes and stone scenery, glass and iron leakage flower, Manchurian window, carved color patterns, mahogany furniture, wood carving flower decoration, threshold window, etc., are very rich Lingnan flavor and style.
Xiguan big house is mostly brick structure, brick stone foot, tall main door with granite inlay. Its plan layout according to the traditional form of the main hall house, basically the depth of the direction.
The typical plan is three rooms and two corridors. It is symmetrical on the left and right, with the main hall in the center. The central axis runs from the front to the back and from the south to the north, in order of porch, foyer, sedan chair hall, main hall, elders' room, patio, second hall and second room.
Each hall is one into, generally large houses for two or three into, forming quite a central axis. The front part of the two partial rooms on both sides has a study and a small courtyard on the left, and the partial rooms and guest rooms on the right.
Top of the guest room is a flat rooftop, for cool, moon and Miss Xiguan eve moon worship and so on. At the back of the side hall and guest room are bedrooms and kitchen. In the garden, flowers and trees are planted, and there is a rockery and a fish pond, which is quite elegant and secluded.
The porch of Xiguan Dajia is decorated with three kinds of doors, namely, a low-footed ceiling fan door, a bar door and a hardwood door. Trip bar is a movable fence, with 13 or 15 hard round wooden strips, horizontal opening and closing is called trip bar.
The corner door and the bar have the functions of ventilation and security, and they are special building components adapted to the hot and rainy climate of Lingnan. The gate of Xiguan Daiya is made of mahogany or camphor wood and other high-grade wood, about 8 centimeters thick, door knob copper ring, the foot of the door is hidden in the stone mortar, and the back of the door is fastened with a horizontal latch to prevent thieves and burglars.
The foyer is set up in the Heavenly Palace and the land god Shi, followed by four doors, usually not open, only sedan chair guests to open, to show that the grand welcome. Only left the left and right two doors in and out, so that passers-by can not see the scene inside the door. Sedan chair hall is for guests and masters in and out of the sedan chair.
The hall is the main building of the house, with the largest area and the highest ridge. The whole hall is spacious and grand with red building, black rafters and white tiles. In order to make the hall brighter, the roof is staggered with bright tiles, i.e. glass tiles.
Behind the main hall is the head room, where the elders live, with bright tiles and high windows for light. The first room is followed by the second hall and the second room. The second room, also known as the "last room", is the last room on the central axis.
The halls are separated from each other by a small patio, which is covered with a small house and relies on high windows for light and ventilation. On both sides of the central axis, there are mainly study rooms, side rooms, bedrooms and stairwells, which are arranged symmetrically on the left and right.
The right side of the foyer is generally equipped with a small courtyard, planted with valuable flowers and trees, arranged stone mountains, stone scenery, fish oil or lotus pond for the master or guests to enjoy.
There is a Qingyun Lane on each side of the big house, which means "a smooth step to the blue clouds". Qingyun Lane is also known as "Cold Lane", "Fire Lane", "Water Lane", etc. It has various functions such as transportation, ventilation, lighting, drainage, drying, planting flowers and transporting feces and garbage.
Xiguan Daxue is the treasure of traditional architecture in Guangzhou. According to statistics, there are only more than 100 Xiguan Daxue houses in existence, and there are more than 10 of them with preservation value. The most famous Xiguan big houses are located in Baoyuan North Street No. 18, "Liang Zizheng Road", located in Duo Bao Road, Deng Gongbao Road, and located in the middle of the Baohua Road, about the Zhong family garden, and so on. Unfortunately, most of these famous gardens and mansions have long since disappeared.
Guangzhou people all know Guangzhou Lingnan characteristics of residential: Lingnan Xiguan Daiya!
One, Guangzhou characteristic residence - Xiguan Daiya
Xiguan Daiya
is the late Qing Dynasty, the rich and powerful merchants in the western part of the city of Guangzhou, "Xiguanjiao" (now Liwan District), the area of the construction of a very Lingnan characteristics of the traditional folk residence of Guangzhou, known as the "Xiguan Daiya". It is called "Xiguan Dajia", which was built in the area of "Xiguanjiao" (present-day Liwan District) in the west of Guangzhou in the late Qing Dynasty. Xiguan had already become the commercial center of Guangzhou in the Ming Dynasty, and Shibafu was gradually formed in the Ming Dynasty. Xiguanjiao was formed during the Tongzhi and Guangxu years of the Qing Dynasty, covering the area around Wenchang Bridge, Daguan Bridge, Pantang and Changhua Garden. The Xiguan houses were concentrated in Baohua Road, Duo Bao Road, Baoyuan Road and Fung Yuen Road. Later it was extended to other areas of Xiguan, mostly built by famous families and bureaucrats. in August 1993, the Guangzhou Municipal People's Government announced it as a cultural relics protection unit.
Governor Huang Huahua's poem, "Praise for the New Lychee Bay", also praises the scenic beauty of Lingnan Xiguan:
"I don't know Lychee Bay, but it's far better than the ancient Xiguan.
It is just like the scene on the river during the Qingming Festival, where visitors forget to return home.
Xiguan bridge and water, smoke and rain, the scene when the flowers, as if Xiguan put on a layer of mystery veil, for the beautiful Xiguan more add some poetry.
Xiguan big house is mostly brick structure, brick stone feet, tall main door with granite inlays. Its layout according to the traditional form of the main hall house in the Central Plains, basically the depth of the direction. These residences are tall and bright, combined with halls and gardens, and beautifully decorated. The basic layout is three rooms and two corridors, symmetrical left and right, with the main hall in the center. The central axis from the front to the back, in turn, for the porch, the door hall (door official hall), the sedan chair hall (tea hall), the main hall (hall or hall of God), the head of the room (the elders room), the second hall (dining room), two rooms (the end room). Each hall is one into the general big house for two or three into the formation of quite a lot of the central axis. The front part of the two partial rooms on both sides is the study and small courtyard on the left, and the partial rooms and guest rooms on the right. Rooms for the top of the flat rooftop, for the cool, moon and Xiguan ladies eve moon worship (worship seven sister) and so on. At the back of the side hall and guest rooms are bedrooms and kitchens.
The garden is full of flowers and trees, and there is a rockery and a fish pond, which is quite elegant and quiet. The halls are separated from each other by a patio, to which a small house is added, and which is ventilated and lighted by high side windows (water windows) or skylights. On both sides of the main room, there are mainly study rooms, side rooms, bedrooms and stairwells. Finally, there is the kitchen. The right side of the foyer is usually equipped with a small courtyard, planting flowers and trees, and arranging rocks and fish ponds for recreation and viewing. At the back of the courtyard is the study. On each side of the house, there is a Qingyun Lane (taking the meaning of "flat footsteps to the blue clouds"), also known as "Cold Lane", "Fire Lane", "Water Lane", etc., which has the function of traffic (transportation).
West Lane is also known as "Cold Lane", "Fire Lane", "Water Lane", etc. It has various functions such as transportation (for women or servants to go in and out), ventilation, lighting, drainage, drying, planting flowers and transporting feces and garbage.
The layout of Xiguan Dajia, from its layout Xiguan Dajia plan layout narrow and long, the structure is unique, conducive to ventilation, so there is the advantage of warm in winter and cool in summer, has a greater practical value, and in feng shui is also absorbed in favor of the owner of the house of the meaning of the innate Qi. Xiguan big house on the feng shui pattern is very careful, typical Xiguan door general left on the upper position served with the God of Heaven, the lower left corner of the doorway enshrined in the land God, the Lord of Heavenly Officials blessing, land to drive away the evil spirits, in order to avoid the bad luck and good fortune, and to protect the family's peace. This layout also reflects the people's family hierarchical concepts and the traditional layout of the central axis as a symmetrical line of concepts.
The porch decoration of the Xiguan house is the same as that of the bamboo house, with a short foot ceiling door (also called corner door), a bar in the middle, and a triple door for the hardwood door. Trip bar is a movable fence, with 13 or 15 hard round wooden strips (generally mahogany or hardwood) composition, horizontal opening and closing so called trip bar. Corner door and bar have the function of ventilation and security, and are special building components adapted to the hot and rainy climate of Lingnan. Xiguan big house door is made of mahogany or camphor wood and other high-grade wood, about 8 centimeters thick, door knob copper ring, the door foot hidden in the stone mortar, the door behind the door with a horizontal latch buckle door, to prevent thieves.
The most distinctive feature of the Xiguan Daiya is the bar door, the door at first glance like a large wooden frame, the center of the cross-frame with a dozen logs, the number of logs must be singular, can not be even, because in Cantonese "double" and "funeral" homophonic, there is the meaning of uncertainty.
Dongshan Young Master, Xiguan Miss
Guangzhou has a famous saying, called "Dongshan Young Master, Xiguan Miss", the source of the sentence is that, Dongshan has always been the power of Guangzhou's strength of the people of the world, in and out of the Dongshan more than the sons of government officials; and Xiguan is a commercial district of Guangzhou since ancient times, the birth of the rich merchant family of the majority of the young lady living there, the flowers fly butterflies dancing and flaunting the market. Garden-style houses and Xiguan houses, power and wealth, modern and traditional, each divided into east and west, complement each other, is to support the whole of the thirties Guangzhou business community of the two epitomized.
According to historical records, the late Qing Dynasty, Guangzhou women can also have a few times a year, "to show their faces" opportunities, such as the day of the tour of the flower, Begging Day tour of the Shimen, Zheng Xian birthday tour of Baiyun, etc., in the garden in the middle of a crowd of brocade, Xiguan Miss to its novel attire and elegant temperament flashed among them, especially notable. They are dressed up in time, the brocade heart embroidered mouth, and fellow students and friends traveling, shuttle in Xiguan between the many stores, forming a stirring scenery. So, "Miss Xiguan" a phrase called up, the more called the louder, everlasting
Miss Xiguan to the image of a group of people to focus on and represent the direction of the times and trends, on behalf of the Guangzhou women's emancipation of the precursor, on behalf of the most elegant and prosperous life in modern Guangzhou. These new women were active in all walks of life, and their dress, lifestyle, social contacts and knowledge ---- all became the symbols of "fashion" of the day. Such as female doctors, female students, female athletes, female revolutionaries and other professional women and social activists, for the first time, the Chinese women stood on the stage of history, but also make the "Miss Xiguan" has become a comprehensive symbol of history and culture.
Miss Xiguan was relatively educated, either studying at her family's private school or attending elementary and junior high school. It is said that at that time, Zhenguang Middle School and Kunwei Middle School were girls' schools, and many Miss Xiguan was studying there. In the 1930s, many Miss Xiguan also attended Lingnan University (now Sun Yat-sen University). Gradually, Miss Xiguan into a moniker continues to this day, it became never end and not on stage "Miss Guangzhou".
Xiguan Daiya Manchurian window
One of the most characteristic symbols of Xiguan Daiya is Manchurian window. These square panes with many colorful glass inlaid. The process is very complex and tedious. Just a Manchurian window took 15 people 10 days of labor. Because the real craft of the Manchurian window has long been lost, it is said that each piece of glass window to rework at least three times. Therefore, even if it is said that the construction of such a wood and stone tiled house, the amount of work is equivalent to building a nine-storey building, I believe it will not be too surprising
"Xiguan Daya" not only retains the traditional architectural style that can be represented in Guangzhou, but also they brought back the essence of the architectural art from all over the country to be used and imitated, taking advantage of the strengths and complementing the weaknesses. Complementary, at the same time with the development of foreign trade and the increase in the number of returned overseas Chinese, but also the introduction of a number of foreign advanced science and technology, so that the building and decoration of the Xiguan Daxue increasingly beautiful.
The wheel of the years, took away the fame and fortune, but precipitated a heavy culture. Fortunately, Guangzhou has Xiguan Daxue these historical memories can be preserved in the form of buildings, wooden bar, Manchurian windows, hardwood doors old, residual, but the record of the city's former glory.