Shentou folk culture is rich, the excavation and organization are:
Jieshan Temple Fair
General Assembly twice a year, a number of small meetings, and the first day of March of the lunar calendar as the main meeting, Shi, agriculture, industry and commerce of all sorts of people in the lunar calendar after the second month began to go up to the mountain one after another to enter the incense or merchandise trading, the meeting period of one month.
Magpie Mountain temple fair ritual activities are complex and diverse, because of its temple group size, basically Taoist culture mixed with Buddhist culture for the gods and idols are diverse, mainly the Jade Emperor, after the earth Yuanjun, magpie, in addition to such as the delivery of the Queen, the South China Sea Goddess of Mercy, the King of the Cow, the King of the Dragon and other gods and goddesses, fully embodies the worship of God of the national characteristics of our country. The teepee has to worship the gods and Buddha idol for the group built. Such as the giant (deer), Guang (Zong), Ping (township) three counties believe in the South China Sea Goddess of Mercy incense in the village of God's head to build a teepee in a Liu farmers home, the door hanging red flag, marked the region, hanging the God case, a party of disciples set up an altar to invite the God into the sky, and carve a stone record, the text said, "Although Ms. Li flow of disciples of the generation of women more than 1,000.
Will be involved in a wide range of geographical areas, will be a long period of time, whenever the temple fair from all over the world to tens of thousands of distant guests to promote the development of the temple fair market transactions. The incense is merchants, temple activities and attract merchants, and then the participation of the local people, at that time can be said to be the Shi agricultural and industrial enterprises have on the meeting, the five lines of the eight works complete, on the livestock, farm equipment, furniture, dried fruits, knives, guns, clothing, musical instruments, as small as the mud people, sugar people, everything. Make the magpie mountain temple fair of divine activities and commercial activities are very active.
But there is a special phenomenon, in the magpie mountain temple fair on the five lines of the eight works complete, the transaction is active, is not the medical market, folklore is that there is a medical ancestor of the magpies in this who dares to pull the trick to sell medicines, hanging gourd practice medicine.
Shentou teepee
"teepee" is for the temple services, so there should be first temple activities and after the teepee, but more should be the first incense and after the temple. God head magpie mountain temple fair has a long history. In the Han and Tang dynasties when the incense has flourished, the temple has been produced, for the incense guest towards the mountain incense and set up along the way to supply tea and temporary resting place - teepee also came into being. In the east foothills of the Taihang Mountains, mountains and rivers in the east-west direction, the old traffic is very inconvenient, to the magpie mountain incense worship of the incense mostly for the east and south of the two directions of the people, the east side of the Nanhe, Renxian, Pingxiang, Guangzong, Julu, Weixian, Nangong, Xinhe, Qinghe extends to the Shandong Linqing; Southeast of the Handan Daiming, Quchou, Guangping extends to the Tangyin, Slide County, etc., Anyang, Henan area, the mountain of the incense of the good man or woman a long way to go!
The geographical area of the mountain, the mountain is a long way to the incense, by car walking on the way for several days, so the magpie mountain teepee extends from the high distance, Quzhou, Guangping, Julu territory are, into the Neiqiu realm into the north and south of the two roads, the south road through the Guanzhuang, Wucun, near the Lang a line, the north road, the gold store, the county, the small Fanggang to the Willow Grove together as a way along the road, there are teepees, the Willow Grove west of the Dongying is more dense, three, two miles a, distributed on both sides of the road.
The nature of the regional guild is obvious, generally a village or a neighboring group of several villages for a shed, and the initiator of the village, or a major village for the name of the teepee, such as Renxian Lingnan teepee, Zhangtun teepee. There are mainly composed of transportation line teepees, such as Jize, Quzhou, Pingxiang all the way to Pingxiang teepee. Such a teepee only receives its own region of the incense, does not receive its own outside the region of the incense. These teepees are generally built by the incense donor, as a village or even several villages of the public property, there is a side of the nature of the hall.
According to the survey, the teepee and residential combination, funded by a regional incense purchasers to buy cooking utensils, reed mats, etc. fixed placement of a farmer's home, to be open to the temple when the tea to pick up the sacrifice for God. This farmer to vacate all the empty rooms, to assist in boiling water and cooking, please God elephant hanging God Zun, just like the teepee in the people, teepee and residential combination, history is not available, but the teepee in whose home is fixed, passed down from generation to generation. Such as Pingxiang, Jize, QuZhou three counties teepee in HouHuiSheng home, Hou father died a few years ago before he told his son: three counties teepee in our family has been many generations are a generation to a generation, passed on to your generation to do so. Buy land and build a house to build a teepee, this form of temple in the magpie mountain is also a lot. This is mostly southeast of Xingtai Guangzong, Pingxiang, Renxian, Julu, Quzhou, Jize, Yongnian, Guangping and other counties to collect funds to buy land, to a large capital headed, in the village of Shentou and the surrounding villages to buy land to build. There are also in the local area to buy land to rent to local farmers, rent for teepee expenses, and buy hillside wasteland, to plant trees to maintain income teepee expenses.
Donations to build temples, temple hospitals do teepees, temple shed, this form of less, but large-scale. God's head of the village east of the four nuns building for Renxian Zhang Tun, Lingnan a few villages funded the construction of the North Building, East Building and South Building, dedicated to the nun (where the gods to check), in the village of the southeast post 10 acres of land, every year, the temple only cooks have four people, the guests bring their own food and rice, voluntary offerings of oil money, the chest with a red line for identification marks, the main session of the March period since February 23rd to the shed village row, to the first day of March before the arrangements for all Finished, the first day of the completion of the activities of the God, the second day of the accounts closed, every year to the shed of about 3,000 people.
The teepee has its own simple, easy to implement, practical, effective regulations on internal management. Roughly, there are a few articles; the main room for the god, no one is not allowed to occupy; shed not divided into rich and poor, everyone is equal; on time to the shed, seriously God, men and women live separately, fire prevention and theft, etc., generally set up a person in charge of the shed (the highest leader), the account, the management of the treasury, a person, according to live in the area of the village in the village row of days have a fixed temple to the shed date, bring their own food and rice, generally a liter per person per day, rice and noodles can be, the oil money (incense and fire money) voluntarily. How much dedication is not confined. After the meeting carefully clear the accounts, excess food and incense money sent home as compensation. Large-scale teepees are also divided into a number of small sheds according to the residential area, set up shed head, to assist the head of the shed people to do a good job of managing the ritual activities and day-to-day affairs.
Shentou lifting kong box
In the first day of March of the lunar calendar every year, the head of the magpie mountain temple fair, there are many township art classes automatically on the performance, in order to show respect for the gods, which is the magpie mountain temple fair, one of the important content of the divine activities. In many of the countryside art performance, the back of the river village of the kong box performance is quite distinctive, by the author many times to visit the village elders, is now based on the memories of the old people recounted as follows.
The so-called kung fu box, is four people with two wooden bars to carry a box for the show. The box is three feet three inches long, two feet one inch wide, two feet three inches high, four sides of the grid painted, two sides are divided into four frames, *** eight frames of the Eight Immortals; the two ends of the four frames are painted bamboo, chrysanthemums, Lotus, orchids, and pomegranates, peaches, oranges, Buddha's hand. Surrounded by colorful silk thread to sewing needles strung into strings hanging around three circles, glittering. The corners of the bar box each has a column, hanging red silk on the column. The whole box is loaded with bright and colorful, the box and then wrapped in yellow silk on the incense, jujubes, peanuts and grains, wheat, beans and other grains, intended to honor the gods, and to seek a bumper crop of grains and peace of mind for many years.
Kong box show, the two long willow wood kong and box with colorful rope tied solid, by four big man lifted, footsteps drums and gongs beat section, walking along the street, the two sticks of wooden kong up and down trembling, colorful silk fluttering, silver needle flashing, clanging, coupled with a simple and stretching the bold action is also very attractive people.
Lifting the kong box for the square art, walking along the street for the footsteps of the gongs and drums point four people marching, but every spacious place to turn the field, there are a few simple actions such as forward and backward, crosses and flowers, squatting and leaning back. To the magpie temple group in front of the gate when there is a jump gate performance, program simple, but the bar to be very strong, the sound of gongs and drums, in a corner under the gate to stand, a horn southwest northeast, four people jumped forward in unison arrow, known as the scurrying bar, this scurrying jumped more than a zhang, and then scurrying northwest of the southeast, in the sound of the people shouting in the completion of the four scurrying jumps, must be drenched in sweat.
Kong box through the door first to the grandmother's temple performance. Legend has it that the magpie mountain grandmother for the back of the earth Yuanjun, in charge of the land. All things born on the earth, as farmers naturally immense respect, in order to seek a good harvest, year after year. Later, they perform in front of the temple of Shen Ying Wang to seek the blessing of the divine doctor Bian Magpie to get rid of diseases and avoid disasters. Both of these temples have a small square in front of the temple, which is convenient for the performance, and the performance ends here. The bar box carried back to the village by a person to keep, this person is called small head, the next year is also responsible for the tie hanging box.
Shentou Huihui
According to the information provided by Wang Yinhai: Huihui is a folk song and dance circulating in the shallow mountains of western Neiqiu County. Legend has it that in the middle of the Qing Dynasty, there was a southern man who made up mats and lived in exile in Zhanggongta Village in Jieshan. In order to repay the kindness of the people of Zhang Gongta village, in his spare time, the "Hui Hui" this folk art was taught to the village people.
HuiHui has been passed down for nearly 300 years and has formed its own unique folk art style through many generations. Whenever there is a festival, the village has a big celebration, we have to use this program to express the joy of celebration, singing and dancing, very lively, and often activities in the village, but also string village performance.
The grandest event is the temple fair on the first day of March in Shentou Village. God head temple fair is in honor of the Chinese medical ancestor magpie temple fair, according to the elderly, the temple fair to three counties, nine provinces and thirteen provinces are gathered to the people, people are more wells have been drawn dry, God's head of the village are playing a well, the common saying, "the rooster screamed three times not to open the door of the temple temple will be squeezed to death," said, there is also the county governor, "chuwai "The rumor is that this temple fair is exactly what the villagers in this area are looking for. And this temple fair is the villagers in this area to the temple dedication of the moment, the village need to dedicate to the temple theater, dedication, said the villagers of the worship of the Divine Healer, faith, rituals, praying for the avoidance of activities, but also have a bumper harvest, people and animals well, to the gods to return the wish of the meaning. The "Hui Hui" has become a special program of Zhanggongta Village to dedicate to the temple fair of Shentou. This is what the locals call "each village offering each village's play".
On weekdays, because of the local drought, water conditions are poor, "back to" this folk dance art, and become a representative of the performance of the rain worship program.
"Huihui" is a folk art, the content of which is based on the expression of love between men and women and civilian life. The main tunes are "Jingtai Hui" and "Zhang Qingxiu Catch the Exam". It is performed in the form of square art, walking along the streets and alleys. The performance team consists of 40 actors. Among them, there are 2 people who play money drum, 2 people who play money pole, 2 people who play simple board, 8 people who play goat horn, 12 people who play bamboo board, 2 people who play flower girl, 2 people who play umbrella, 2 people who play silver gong, 1 person who is an old clown, 1 person who is a clown, 1 person who plays hairpin, 1 person who plays cymbal, 1 person who plays drum, 1 person who plays two hairpins, 1 person who plays big gong, and 1 person who knocks small gong. The main movements of the performance:
All the actors are led by the drummer who plays the money and drums, and they respectively take the steps of "twelve horns", "gourd stringing trails", "double rings", "octagonal glazed glass", "eight horns", "two rings", "two rings", "two rings", and "two rings". "octagonal glazed well", "through the heart of a bar" and other patterns. After the walk, it becomes a single ring, followed by a duo dance of two flower girls, and then a playful dance of two money-playing polemen and two flower girls. Finally, it is the double dance of the old clown and the clown. The whole dance is lyrical, resonant, comical and witty, typical of the shallow mountainous region of Neiqiu. After the dance, the old clown points out the play in the stage and recites the jingle: "I have nothing to do but go to the north slope, I bump into a rabbit pulling out its nest, I ask you what the rabbit is doing, and the landowner drinks wine at the door." Then the old clown points to the play, and the actors and actresses of that play go to the middle of the performance.
Singing, each program has each program's action and content, footwork, movement, costume, props are different, with distinctive personality traits and strong emotional color.
For example, the duo dance of two flower girls and the playful dance of two money-beaters and two flower girls.
The costume of the flower girl: she is dressed as a dancer and holds a fan in her hand. The movement is to hold a colorful fan, press the palm with the right support, point step in front of the left, face to face in a symmetrical position, and appear on the stage. Then the upper body leans to the left and walks clockwise in a flowing round step, then suddenly turns one hundred and eighty degrees, half squats with a left step, then suddenly rises, leans to the right, walks round and walks counterclockwise. Then two male dancers in the form of money poles, wearing long robes and bright hats, continued. The two men and two women were then divided into two single rings; the women circled around the men, walking as fast as the wind. The two male actors, however, dance with their left hands on the poles, striking the coins on the poles with their hands, moving back and forth with a steady cross step. The rhythm of the dance is fast and slow, lively and flexible.
Another example is the duo dance of the old clown and the ugly Dan. The clowns are called "ugly wives" in Huihui's costume, and they draw a big gourd in the shape of a child and hold it in their arms as a prop. The costume is made of cow horns and worn on the head, with a big scorpion painted on one side of the face, a pair of red pointed chili peppers hanging from the ears, and big flower embroidered shoes on the feet. The old clown, called the "ugly old man" in Hui Hui, wears a long robe and carries a stick in his hand. The duo dance is: they swing their arms back and forth, walking at an even pace and the funny step, suddenly meet in the center of the stage whispering, and then each back, waving and shouting, back and forth, witty and comical.
Back and forth is the God's head of the temple fair on the fixed rural arts program, loved by the locals. In particular, the slick money pole dance, actors dressed in martial arts costume, light and graceful cross step, left-handed dance pole right-handed strikes the bright rhythm of the coin. A moment forward, a moment backward, a moment of bow and arrow step appearance, left hand holding the money pole forward stretching across; coupled with the two flower girl water-like dance steps, sometimes positive turn semi-circular shaking fan step half-squat, sometimes positive circle shaking fan step half-squat, sometimes positive circle shaking fan half-squat; and ugly old man, ugly wife's comical performances, the three groups of actors alternately dance, very red hot.
Hui Hui song and dance is mainly percussion-based, no accompanying instruments. The main traditional instruments and characteristics are:
Silver gong: also known as drill, is a leading instrument.
Chinese drums: imitating the six-flute drums commonly used in Chinese opera.
Money pole: 1-meter long pole with copper coins strung on it. It is usually used when singing, and the hand plucks the coins back and forth.
Jane Board: A kind of simple board commonly used in the opera.
Bamboo board: a bamboo board commonly used in the arts. It is about 6 inches long and 1.5 inches wide.
Sheep's horns: the sheep's horns are hollowed out in the center and the tips are removed for blowing. Sheep horn blowing method is very unique: l: xxO: llxxx xxlxxOlxxlxxOll
Hui Hui's costumes and props are also characteristic, dress up more ancient costume drama, props in the umbrella for the official umbrella in the folk dance.
Back to the end of the eighties, the village only old artists Wang Chunbao, Wang Layue, Wang Huai, Cheng Wenxiang four people. Nowadays, these old artists have left the world one after another, and this folk song and dance has almost been lost.
Huihui, as a folk art, has developed its own unique characteristics from costumes, props, percussion instruments, dance steps, performances, and lyrics, which are very valuable for excavation.
Shentou Magpie Mountain table "work"
Liu Sanbing provided information that: the first day of March of the ancient calendar, the foot of the Magpie Mountain, Shentou big temple fair. Magpie Temple has become the world of incense. They burn incense and worship, prayers and worship, singing and dancing, all embodied in a "work". The so-called "merit" means that their sacrificial activities are all for the god to build a merit. The word "merit" has become a special term for the incense burners. They call the mobilization before the ritual action and the arrangement of the chiefs as the destruction of kung fu. They also say that this is the holy dynasty (God) in destroying the work. They ask them to do this or that. They also recite the following words:
The holy dynasty and above come to destroy the work, the heavenly soldiers and generals are all on the march. They are so tight, they are so blind, and they are so whipped that they froze. The criminal law of the holy dynasty is merciless, destroying the day and night without stopping. The burden is heavy, the feet generate wind, a wave of smoke to the holy center (temple).
The expression in front of the god is called a table of merit, also known as saying merit. All the temple visitors bring some tributes to the God. It is necessary to report to God, so that God will remember their own merits, in order to seek God's blessing. For example, one of the visitors in Ren County, in front of the temple of Hou Tu, said:
The table of one merit and another merit, a merit and a merit to go up. I am Shundefu Ren County City, nine Guozhai Street old root camp, Cross Street has a gateway, Wangmen Li's heh famous. I've come to help my grandmother with her project. Bring silver money ten yuan (RMB); also have food and rice and bonus (five-color paper) also have gold foil whole ingot seal (burning products). The grandma of the holy dynasty can see clearly, written with a gold pen and praised with a silver pen, and written in big and clear characters. "The upper part of the house is secure, the lower part is peaceful, and all my family is at peace. The family will live in peace and harmony; the whole family will be strong and healthy, and there will be no calamities in all seasons of the year. I'm not sure if I'll be able to give you anything, but I'm sure you'll be able to eat it.
The incense burners finished their performance, got up and whisked the dust, and then arranged themselves into a line to walk a few circles, called the round work, also known as the round field. Round work, they are like a piece of mind, like a weight, feel very relaxed. Faithfully walking three or five laps, read a few Amaren Buddha (Buddhist language) is done. After completing the work, I did not count the clear, and then I danced for the gods to cheer up. This activity is called running or walking. Running Gong, usually free combination, or two people, or more people. Most of them hold fan drums, beat out the rhythm, singing and dancing. The dance movements are simpler, with more cross-steps and stacked heels. The content of the song is nothing more than confession, reasoning, arguing, etc., and there are also classic stories.
There is no time limit for running, and it is the most exciting and instinctive scene for the incense burners. When intense, they jumped and jumped, like crazy, completely into the state of oblivion. Want to ask why they are like this, they said, is the holy destroyed. There are also the top of the incense burner crazy extreme, suddenly fell to the ground, unconscious. Such an event is called punishment. At this time, there are "Ming Gong Ming eyes" (the head of the incense burner) to come forward to enlighten and comfort. This is called counseling, also known as unlocking the holy.
Additionally, there are Xu Gong, also Gong, kneeling Gong and so on. Xu Gong refers to the promise of the janitor in front of the god, also known as wishing; also Gong refers to the return of the janitor to the god, also known as wishing; kneeling Gong refers to a long time kneeling in front of the god, or hand a pillar of incense, such as incense burned out square, in order to express the god's devout heart.
God's Head Magpie Mountain Sacrificial Shrine
The sacrificial activities of the Magpie Mountain Shrine can be traced back to the Warring States period according to inscriptions, and has a long historical root. Later Zhou Xiande years (954 a 959 years), the Anguo Army Festival Minister Chen Sijiang rebuilt the Magpie Mountain Shrine, the inscription has been the king of the title. In the early years of Song Jiayou (1056), Song Renzong suffered from a disease and sent an envoy to the temple to seek medical treatment, and when he recovered from the disease, he conferred on Bianqi the title of "Shen Ying". Because of the magpie's repeated imperial titles, the specifications of the shrine ceremony were higher. According to the Record of the Restoration of the Temple of Magpie Mountain in 1488, "In the month of spring, the priests would perform ceremonies, and people from far and near the temple would perform ceremonies to offer incense and wine, and those who were in need of sleep would come to the temple first." Qing Emperor Kangxi in the 58th year (1720) (the reconstruction of the temple of the Queen of the Magpie Mountains) also reads: "So far more than 2,000 years, the successive generations of commendation, the Taifu yearly festival of the King of ......". The level of people who worshiped Bianqi ranged from the imperial court to the common people. Shi Yanshi, a magistrate of Neiqiu in Qing Dynasty, once wrote a poem about the festival of Bianqi in the temple: "I have always heard about the water of the upper pool, and now I am visiting the God of Magpie King. The rafter is a thousand years old, and the people of nine counties are in the temple. It is really a customary place, and it is also the time for purification. The event is held every year, so why not listen to my people?
In addition to the monument inscribed Tai Fu, the Secretary of the year to ceremonial offerings to the shrine, the court also sent officers to the Magpie Mountain Shrine to pay homage. Yuan Zhongtong first year (1260), Xuanzai doctor point Li Guodai in the Emperor's imperial decree to sacrifice the four readings of Wuyue, pay homage to the Magpie Mountain God should be king ancestral shrine, and declared thank you. Yuan Zhongtong three years (1262), the Royal Quemen Yat-Shi Zi Dongchun Special Emperor's Imperial Decree to sacrifice the East China Sea Abyssinian Sage Guangde Wang Temple, pay homage to the Magpie Mountain God should be Wang's ancestral temple. Yuan Yuan seventeen years (1281), Yongning Wang decree, eight classes of consort Yi purpose, specially sent doctor Wang Kou Shan incense to sacrifice to the magpie mountain God should be Wang's ancestral temple, in order to declare gratitude. Yuan Yuan 23 years (1287), the crown prince ...... to sacrifice ...... magpie mountain god should Wang's shrine.
Successive governments and counties have the Secretary to sacrifice according to customized specifications.
The temple fair, in the pilgrimage, worship magpie at the same time, but also often have to hold a number of rich religious ceremonies. Among them, there are rituals held for the birth of the god, there are for the government and civil believers to hold jiao-festival in order to pray for peace, wind and rain or pray for blessings and disasters, as well as folk burning incense to worship the god and other activities.
Burning incense into the incense is generally scattered incense and an association, incense will be organized by the two kinds of incense. Scattered joss stickers into the incense is relatively simple, do not have to hold a ceremony, just kneeling, burning incense, offerings, on the heart of the charity to show piety that is the end of the heart. Organized incense burner first, kneeling to worship the gods, and then by the head of the incense table recitation. They recite the rhymes are generally simple, popular, with folklore and myths and legends of the nature. Part of the incense will be recited by the head of the incense to lead, the incense singers sing in unison. Table recitation and then dedication, giving "incense money", and finally held in front of the temple recreational activities, known as the "accompanied by the work", the ceremony came to an end. The purpose of the folk incense burners is varied, generally according to their own worship matters, the gods and goddesses burned incense pilgrimage also have some emphasis. The people who enter the incense have in order to get rid of diseases and disasters, there are seeking a son or daughter, there are praying for blessings and wealth, there are seeking to achieve success, and there is no shortage of people who return the wish after the incident.
Shentou magpie mountain Jiao-festival
Jiao-festival, commonly known as the dojo, Jiao-festival, is a Taoist religious rituals to the gods. The number of days and the number of priests depends on the size of the Taoist temple. Time is generally three days, the master is generally three or five people, the Taoist congregation of four or six people, music accompanied by a number of people playing. The master of the jiaojiao is an elderly man of high moral standing, called "Gao Gong", who sits in the center. On the top of the master called "all speak", presided over the altar scrolls; the next master called "supervise the fast", presided over the altar of all the rituals; Road crowd called "table white"; band on the left and right sides. Jiaojiao from setting up the altar, drums, open the altar, welcome the gods, clean altar, chanting mantras, rituals, to the table, turn to offerings, burning Chu, chanting, seat, send the Holy Spirit, close the altar are in accordance with strict and complex procedures. On the "water, fruit, incense, flowers, lamps, tea, food, treasure, talisman, clothing", called "ten offerings", also has a profound meaning of Taoism.
In the construction of modern cities, Neiqiu County focuses on the protection and utilization of history and culture, in the urban construction planning, highlighting the regional characteristics of culture, showing the Neiqiu magpie culture style, and actively protect the cultural heritage, especially in the construction of the new socialist countryside, the village of Shentou, the ancient environment, ancient style and intangible cultural heritage of excavation, finishing, research and utilization.