Sima Guang (1 019165438+1October17-108665438+1October/. Han nationality. Xia County, Shaanxi Province (now Xia County, Shanxi Province) is a native of Sushui, who is known as Mr. Sushui in the world. Politicians, historians and writers in the Northern Song Dynasty. After Anping presented King Sima Fu in the Western Jin Dynasty.
In the first year of Song Renzong Baoyuan (1038), Sima Guang was admitted as a scholar and graduated from Longtuge with a bachelor's degree. When he was in Song Shenzong, he left the imperial court for fifteen years because he opposed Wang Anshi's political reform, and presided over the compilation of the first chronicle general history in the history of China —— A Mirror with Resources. After four dynasties of Renzong, Yingzong, Zongshen and Zhezong, Shangshu's official position has always been Zuo Assistant Minister. He was given a surname, Wen Guogong, honest and gentle, humble and upright; Work hard and diligently. Boasting that "the day is insufficient, the night follows", his personality can be called a model under Confucian education and has always been admired. ?
Sima Guang wrote a lot in his life, including Sima Zheng Gong Wen, Ji Gu Lu, Su Shui Ji, Xu Qian and so on.
Extended data:
The origin of Sima family
1, from the official position, from the father of Cheng Bo, the minister in charge of military power in the Western Zhou Dynasty, was named after the official position.
In ancient times, some people valued Li, who was an official in charge of heaven and earth. I used to care about Li. During Zhou Xuanwang's period, Cheng Bo divorced his father and went to Sima's house to be an official, in charge of the national army, and assisted the government with great power. Later, Cheng Boxiu's father, Ke Ping and Xu Fang, made great contributions. Zhou Xuanwang allowed him to take his official position as his surname, and later he became a Sima. During the Spring and Autumn Period, there were Sima in Song, Chu and Jin countries, taking Sima as their surname.
Among the descendants of Cheng Boxiu's father, some are called Sima's family with official surname, and some are called Cheng's family with country surname. Divorced from his father, married Anding Hu's daughter, and gave birth to two sons: the eldest son Zhong Geng and the second son Zhong Xin. Later, Zhong Geng's stepfather Sima, whose descendants took the official title as their surname and called Sima, was the ancestor of Sima; Zhong Xin inherited Hou Anding, who moved to Taiyuan and still called it.
2. Originated from Chen and Tian, from Sima Yi in the Spring and Autumn Period.
Step 3 change your surname
Xu, Ji and Hao changed their surnames for some reason.
According to historical records: He Hao, some of their descendants changed their surnames to Sima for some reason. Xu Mu Zhi and Hao Yun were the leaders of refugees in northern China during the Southern and Northern Dynasties, belonging to the Bianhu nationality. History books Song Shu, Popular Literature, Illustrated Materia Medica, and Compendium of Materia Medica often list them as "Clear Water Distinguishing Records". However, this book thinks that it only belonged to the Yang family of Qingshui, not to the imperial clan of Qingshui, so its specific origin needs further textual research.
Wang Dao took refuge in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and changed his surname.
Wang Dao, from 276 to 339 AD, was born into a noble family in Linyi (now Linyi, Shandong). Wang Dao was born in a famous family in the Central Plains. He was a very experienced politician and the actual founder of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. At that time, the Jin and Yuan emperors lacked talent and prestige and were hermits in the Jin family. He was able to get the throne mainly because of the support of Wang Dao. Emperor Jin and Yuan therefore compared Wang Dao to his "filial piety and harmony" and attached great importance to it.
After the establishment of the Han regime in the Yangtze River valley in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, it was beneficial to resist the invasion of northern minorities and the economy and culture also developed rapidly. During the period of Wang Dao's administration, "taking care of the old and the new, observing ethics and discipline, maintaining righteousness and being quiet" stopped the Wang family's repeated attempts to seize power, actively developed the economy in the south of the Yangtze River, reconciled the contradiction between the gentry in the north and the south, and made the Eastern Jin Dynasty stable rapidly.
4. It originated from the surname Mi, and came from the rebellion of Sima Zi in Chu during the Spring and Autumn Period. Belong to the official title.
Zifan, the famous Xiong Fang, the son Fang of Chu, was a senior minister of Chu in the Spring and Autumn Period when Wang Xiong was in power (590-560 BC). This official is Fu who is in charge of the Chu army. He made many contributions to the state of Chu and was an important minister under the king of Chu. Among the descendants of Sima Zifan, some took their ancestors' official titles as surnames, which were passed down from generation to generation.
In addition, there are Sijun Gong, Sima Zixi, Sima, Yuji Ma Gongzi Shen, Sima Zigeng, Fu Feng, Yuji Ma Gongzi, Sajima Gongzi Cheng, Sima Gongzi Kun and Sima (? Yan), Sima Gongzi is on sick leave, Sima Gongzi Mao, Fu Gongzi Xie, Sima? Among the descendants of Yue, there are Teru Shimada, Teru Shimada Xu, Yuji Island, Teru Shimada Gongzi Heng, Teru Shimada Shen Yinxu, etc. There are also people who take their ancestors' official titles as their surnames, also known as Sima's, which have been passed down from generation to generation.
5. The Fu Han Jue, which originated from Ji surname and came from the State of Jin in the Spring and Autumn Period, belongs to the official title.
Han Jue, posthumous title Xian, known as Han Xianzi in history, was the fifth generation leader of Han family in Jin State in the Spring and Autumn Period. Han Jue, the son of Han, lost his father in his early years and was raised by senior officials of the State of Jin. Later, he was recommended as a Sima of the State of Jin. He was an extremely important figure in the politics of Jin State during the Spring and Autumn Period. After the death of Han Xianzi, his son Han Zixuan succeeded to the throne, which cultivated a huge Han family and laid a solid foundation for joining hands with Zhao and Wei to carve up the Jin Dynasty.
Among Han Xianzi's descendants, some took their ancestors' official titles as surnames and passed them down from generation to generation. In addition, among the descendants of Sima, there are Jiang Wei, Zhong Jun Sima Zhang Lao, Zhong Jun Sima Zhang Junchen, Sima Nvshuhou, Sima Shuyou and Sima. , there are also ancestors as surnames, which are also passed down from generation to generation.
6. Originated from the surname Zi, Jia, the father of Sima Kong in the Song State in the Spring and Autumn Period, is an official title.
Kong Fujia, BC? ~ 7 10 years ago, he was a famous doctor in Song Dynasty in the early Spring and Autumn Period. He is the sixth ancestor of Confucius, and the official is Fu.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Sima Guang