Section 5: The Last Professional Writer of Small Orders--Yan Guidao
YAN Guidao (ca. 1038-ca. 1106), with the character Shuyuan and the name Xiaoshan, was a native of Linchuan in Fushou County (present-day Jiangxi Province), and was the seventh son of Yanshu. Due to his birth, he was appreciated by Emperor Renzong when he was in his teens. Flower Anthology, Volume 3, Yan Guidao "Partridge Sky" word note says: "Qingli in the Kaifeng Province and the Echinococcus Temple on the same day to play prison empty, Emperor Renzong in the palace feast music, declared Yanshubara made this, greatly appreciated on the will." It can be seen, Yan Qi Dao juvenile had a springtime, the words of the early dissemination of fame. By the grace of the civil service, once served as too often the temple too Zhu. Xining seven years (1074) by Zheng Man case implicated in prison. Later, he became the supervisor of Xutian Town in Yingchang Prefecture. In his later years, he served as a magistrate in Kaifeng Prefecture. Biji Man Zhi, Volume 2, said Yen Guidao "years before the begging, retired to the capital to give the first". The deposit of "small mountain words", "the whole song lyrics" recorded 260 of his words. Divided in time, Yan Guidao should have lived in the middle and late Northern Song Dynasty, and even after the death of Su Shi and his main children, Yan Guidao was still alive. However, Yan Guidao was y influenced by the creation of the pre-North Song order words, and his creative achievements were all reflected in the order words, so he was arranged to be discussed at the end of this chapter to maintain the relative integrity and coherence of the development of literary history.
I. The basic melody of the "Xiao Shan lyrics": depression and sadness after the disappointment of life
The Song bureaucracy gave considerable care to the families of the dignitaries, giving their children a large number of qualifications of grace, but also in the use of strict control, to prevent the formation of a threat to the dynasty's "power family". If the sons and daughters of the rich and powerful did not pass the imperial examinations again, they would always be suppressed in the lower stratum of the bureaucratic class. The life path of Yan Guidao is a typical example. Compared with the life of a rich and noble son in his early years, Yan Qidao's status, life, and environment were all in tatters after he left the government. In addition, Yen Qidao's character was loose, lonely and arrogant, and he did not have a deep understanding of the world, and he was the son of a noble family with a strong sense of bookishness, which made his situation even more difficult. Huang Tingjian in the "small mountain word preface," said:
Yu savored Shuji Yuan, solid people Ying also, its stupidity is also self-determination. Love Shuji Yuan, are huffing and ask its eyes, said: the official even Jian, and can not be a side of the nobleman's door, is a fool; thesis has its own body, and refused to make a new scholar language, this is another fool; cost millions of dollars, family cold and hungry, and face with the color of the child, this is another fool; people hundred negative and do not hate, has believed people, and do not suspect that it deceived their own, this is also a fool.
These four points are a very good portrait of Yan Qi Dao. Such character and misfortune, to a large extent, affected the creative path of Yan Guidao. The changes in his life gave him a deeper understanding of the world, which led him to express more deep thoughts in his lyrics. Most of his lyrics were written in response to songs, which were sung by singers before a banquet. At the same time, most of these words were written after the great change of life, which was detailed in his "Little Mountain Lyrics Trek", he said: "Shuhuan used to float in the wine, and the lyrics of the sick world were not enough to analyze the effect of drink and relieve the pain, so he tried to continue the Southern sages, and made five or seven words for his own amusement. Not only the narrative of its feelings, but also write a cup of wine heard and seen, the tourists with the intention of things. Tried to think of the feelings of sensation, ancient and modern is not easy." This shows that the lyrics written by Yan Guidao have been different from the "Flower Room" entertaining the guests with their works, in which not only the personal sadness and mourning for the past, but also includes the things that they have heard and seen. Personal life changes in the creation of Yan Qi Dao has a key role, he had in this "trek" in the narrative of the process of change, he said: "Beginning of the Shen twelve Lianshu, Chen ten Junlong home, there are Lotus, Hong, apples, clouds, Pin Qing Acura entertainment guests. Every solution, that is, the grass to teach the children. My three hold wine to listen to, for a laugh only. And Junlong disease abolished lying home, Uncle Lian down. The former wild piece of drunken sentences, so with the two singing children wine make all flow on earth." Also said: "Examination of its chapter in the record, sadness and happiness, such as fantasy, such as electricity, such as yesterday's dream of the dust, but can cover the volume of disappointed, feeling the time of the easy to move, sighing the edge of the realities of the real also."
Through Huang's preface quoted above and the author's own inscriptions, and then linked to the creation of Yan Guidao, it can be clearly seen that the main content of the "Little Mountain Words" is mostly a depiction of his personal depression after the decline of the nobility and the sadness after the disappointment, the recollections of the past and the deep sadness of poverty and scribbling have become the basic melody running through his lyrics. There is no trace of his father Yan Shu's open-mindedness and leisurely elegance in his lyrics. However, when he expresses his heavy personal sorrow and deep sentimental feelings, he not only has a profound connotation but also has his own unique features because he summarizes them from the drastic change of his own life and his personal pain. Huang Tingjian said that his words are "clear and strong, and can shake the heart". Wang Zhuo said, "The rhythm is natural." (Biji Manzhi, Volume 2) Feng Xu said of him, "His light words have flavor, and his shallow words have a sense." (Song Sixty-One Selected Words - Example Words) All these are to say that Yan Guidao's words are distilled and summarized from his personal misfortunes, and they seem to be shallow and plain, and mostly in the language of children, but there is an inner life in his words, which can still touch people's hearts after thousands of years. In the past, critics have given high marks to Xiaoshan's words because of this reason.
One of Yan Guidao's most famous pieces is "The Partridge Sky":
The colorful sleeves are attentive to the jade bell, and the drunken face is red. The moon in the center of the willow building was low in the dance, and the wind in the bottom of the peach blossom fan was full in the song. Since we parted, we have remembered meeting each other, and we have dreamed and dreamed with you several times. Tonight, we still have the silver bowl to shine on, and we are afraid that meeting each other is a dream.
The writer is surprised when he meets the courtesan he has been thinking about for a long time. In the first part, he recalled that he fell in love with the courtesan at first sight, and had a wonderful time with her. When they met by chance at a banquet, the woman was particularly fond of the lyricist, and "earnestly" urged her to drink. The most difficult to accept the grace of beauty, the lyricist therefore also spared no effort to drink wildly. What's more, this kind of drinking is accompanied by the marvelous dancers of "Dancing in the Willow" and the melodious voice of "Singing in Peach Blossom", which makes everyone intoxicated. The next piece is about the tenderness and surprise of reunion after a long separation. The first three lines are about the reunion when the lyricist faces his lover and confides in him. Because the reunion comes suddenly, both of them suspect that it is a dream rather than reality. The ending two lines from the Du Fu "Qiang village three" "more candles at the end of the night, relative as a dream", plus "left to put", "fear" and other false words, will be transformed into a straight quality of ethereal, not to mention the The song has a different conception. The conception of this song is quite unique, and the lyricist adopts the technique of writing against the grain. Obviously, it is the doubt when we meet again, but from the joy when we meet again, the hierarchy is clear and many twists and turns, and only at the end will we realize the situation when we meet again.
There is also a "Linjiang Xian" is also very popular:
After the dream, the platform is locked, waking up curtains hanging low. The last year's spring was a time of hate, but it was a time to come. The first time I saw you was when I was a little girl, and I was a little girl, and I was a little girl. I remember the first time I saw you, and I was so happy to see you. I remember the first time I saw you, you were in love with me. I'm not sure if I'm going to be able to do that, but I'm sure I'll be able to do it," he said.
This is a piece of old-fashioned nostalgia. The word "applesauce" in the lyric is the "applesauce" in the "lotus, Hong, applesauce and clouds" mentioned in the "Little Mountain Words Trek" quoted earlier. In the existing Yan Guidao's words, there are more works involving "small apples". For example, in "Jade Tower Spring", "The smile of a small apple is all enchanting, and the light note is long and light." Xiaobing seems to be a quiet girl, knitting her brows and smiling to the fullest extent, with light makeup and thick smear but with the charm of a smile: "If the small knit knit is to solve the sorrows of the spring twilight, a smile to stay in the spring spring also live." ("Magnolias") However, due to the impermanence of the world, life is changeable, and the close friends of the year are either sick or dead, and Xiaobing and others are not immune to the winds of dissipation and falling into other lands. Whenever the author remembers this, how can he not feel sad and mourn the past? This poem is to express his feelings of the vicissitudes of life and the impermanence of happiness through the contrast between the present and the past.
The first two lines of the poem, "After the dream", are a reversal of the technique of reminiscing about last year's farewell scene, writing a picture of the empty buildings, the songs and songs of no one, no joy of the bleak scene. The sentence "last year's spring hate" explains the reason why the lyricist wants to drown his sorrows in wine and get drunk in the dreamland, as well as the content of the dream after getting drunk. "Spring Hate" refers to a kind of nostalgia and consequent sadness for a beautiful person who is separated and no longer meets, which is drawn out by the beautiful scenery of spring. Because in the past, the two of them were always seeking joy together in the beautiful spring season, after parting and facing the spring scenery alone, they would naturally have the sadness of "things are not the same as they used to be". "Last year" can be understood as a real reference, but also can be understood as a generalized reference, a generalized reference to every spring after the parting will have to undergo such a sorrowful torture. "Last year's spring hate" to carry on, "but when" to start the next, leading to the "falling flowers people independent, rain geese flying", pointing out the characteristics of the deep spring. Flowers, rain, swallows, people are still like last year, but people are "independent" under the falling flowers. The "hate" of parting sorrows and hatred overflows in the words between the lines. This pair of lines has been called "not two in a thousand years" (Tan Xian, "Fudang Lyrics"), and it is actually from the poem "The Remnants of Spring" by Weng Hong of the Tang Dynasty. While Weng's poem has a sentence but not a chapter, Yan's lyrics have an overall structure and a harmonious style, utilizing the sentences of his predecessors as if they were his own, and a sense of loss and despair envelops the whole piece. In the next piece, the deepest feelings of the past years' reunion and goodbye are recalled, and the word is called "Xiaobing", which shows the intensity of the feelings and the deep impression. There are three deepest memories: the first is the attire: "two heavy heart characters Luo clothes." Here on the surface is written clothing, but actually in writing the beauty of people. Another deepest impression is that Xiao Ping has skillful and subtle artistic talent: "Speaking of lovesickness on the strings of the pipa." At the same time, the deep feelings of mutual adoration and devotion between the two are also written here. The lyricist fell in love with Xiaobing at first sight, but there was no way to get through, so he could only convey his feelings through the sound of music. The third is the parting scene: "At that time, the bright moon was there, and had shone on the colorful clouds." The ending lines from Li Bai's "Music in the Palace" "only worry about the songs and dances scattered, turned into colorful clouds fly", and the opening echoed up and down, indicating that the author is now under the moon nostalgia. The moon is the moon at that time, the cloud is the cloud of the year, and now the building is empty, frustrated and independent, the feeling of loneliness, came into being. This lyric is well conceived, through the technique of reversing and comparing, the lyricist intertwines the past life with the current situation, showing the fluctuation of feelings and the ups and downs of thoughts. The words are handsome and dense, the dialogues are neat but smooth and natural, and the feelings are deep and subtle.
The same subject matter, written in different ways, the mood is also very different. As another "Partridge Sky":
Small order to see the jade xiao in front of Zun, silver lamp a song is too enchanting. Who can hate the drunkenness of the song, singing and returning to the wine has not been consumed. Spring is quiet, the night is long, the blue cloud sky **** Chu Palace remote. The dream soul is accustomed to no constraints check, and step on the poplar flowers across the Xieqiao.
The first piece recalls the scene when we met. The first sentence points to the ground, points to people, the second sentence write things, because people and songs are the same "enchanting", so love at first sight. The third and fourth sentences are about the love for each other and the drunkenness. The next piece of writing lovesickness. "Quiet", describing the loneliness is difficult to endure; "a long way", write a long night, and at the same time the shape of the two places apart, no reason to see each other, so only to the dream, in order to meet. Through the above arrangement, it fully demonstrates the meaning of seeing each other and the depth of love. According to legend, Cheng Yi, a famous Taoist in the Song Dynasty, also appreciated the ending two lines: "Yichuan heard Yanshu Yuan reciting the long and short lines of 'Dreams and souls are accustomed to be free from restraints, and step on the poplar flowers to cross the Xieqiao Bridge', and laughed and said, 'Ghost language is also'! I also appreciated it." (Shao's Wenshiyuan Houluo, Volume 19)
Yan Guidao's love words involved in these female objects are courtesans and dancers. Due to the situation of Yan Guidao's own fall, there are a small number of works describing the lives of courtesans and dancers in Xiaoshan Words, reflecting their unfortunate experiences of being insulted and damaged from different sides, and portraying their inner activities in detail, such as Raccoon River Sand:
Day by day, both eyebrows fight with the paintings of a long time, and the traveling clouds flittered with flotsam*** frivolity, and did not marry Yelu Lang in the heart. The words "splash of wine" and "the words of the fan" are not enough, and the fragrance of the dancing clothes is smoked by the flowers, and the spring tears are said to be miserable.
The word is about the life and misery of prostitutes. In the first sentence, it is written that the prostitutes are forced to dress up to win people's hearts. The word "fight" in the sentence shows that they have to compete with each other, but their hearts are full of pain and suffering. The second sentence is about their unfortunate experience of being insulted and harmed, no matter what people have to force a smile; "clouds" and "flotsam" can manipulate them at will, and "treat them lightly". However, they always have their own good wishes and pursuits: "I will not marry my heart to Yelong". The "Youtun Lang", that is to say, is a young man who is looking for flowers and is frivolous. In the career of selling and laughing, the prostitutes contacted a lot of such gentlemen, so they have a thorough understanding of their nature. The first two lines of the next piece describe the daily life of prostitutes. They have to sing for the "Yelongs" before the banquet, and the names of songs and inscriptions on the fans are blurred due to the wine stains falling on the fans. They also accompanied the "Yelang" to pick flowers, so that the dance clothes are stained with the fragrance of flowers. The forced smile on the surface can only temporarily cover up the sadness of the heart. So when the laughter is over, all that remains is: "A spring of tears to say miserable". The lyricist has a very deep understanding of prostitutes, and his words are full of sympathy for their misfortune. The starting point of this kind of works is "the same is the end of the world down people", is to borrow other people's wine cup pouring their own block, but after all, the lyricist wrote out the courtesan's life of some other side.
Small mountain in the words of some of the direct writing of personal life works, the fall of the distress of the more intense mood, such as "Ruan Lang Hui":
The sky gold palm dew into frost, clouds with the word long goose. The green cup and red sleeve while the sun, human feelings like the hometown. The first thing you need to do is to get your hands on some of the most popular products and services in the world. I'm not sure if you're going to be able to get a good deal on a new one.
Opening with the story of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty casting copper immortal holding the dew plate dew, pointing out the season of late fall. The next line is about the geese flying south, which emphasizes the atmosphere. The last two lines of the second line of the heavy sun drinking into the personal life of the sentiment. The author is living in another country, disillusioned, this is not intended to "green cups and red sleeves", but the host's hospitality is difficult to refuse, so that people feel at home, as if returning to their hometown. In the first three lines, the author borrows "purple" and "yellow hairpin" to point out the customs of the 9th day of the 9th lunar month, as if he were in his hometown. Because of this, he can't help but relapse into his old illness: "I'm very attentive to my old madness." This sentence has three layers of meaning: one layer of "attentiveness", one layer of the word "care", and one layer of "old madness", y reflecting the author's inner conflicts and feelings. However, even though the "old madness" has flared up, it has long since disappeared, and the result can only be: "I want to change intoxication for sadness." The word "sadness" expresses the author's family's decline, the miserable situation and inner feelings. In the midst of this helpless situation, the author exhorts himself: "Don't break your heart with a clear song." That is, do not make the historical "broken heart" mistake. When you read this little order and relate it to Huang Tingjian's word order, the sense of being in the world in the words becomes more obvious.
Through the analysis of the above words, it can be seen that Yan Guidao concentrated on the miserable feelings after the change from nobility to decline and disillusionment. His words, as far as the content is concerned, are not developed on the basis of his predecessors to the broad side of the horizontal plane, but are excavated in the narrow and deep direction along the vertical line of inner feelings, therefore, he is a purely sentimental lyricist of the Northern Song Dynasty with original achievements. The artistic skill of Xiao Ling, through Yan Gui Dao's creative practice, has reached the advanced stage of pure perfection. Whether it is to use the scenery to express emotion, or to integrate emotion into the scenery, or to integrate the previous verse, or to mix the couplets of recent poems into the long and short lines, all of them are extremely flexible and free, and they have reached the state of perfection.
Yan Guidao's encounters, especially his inner pain, have some similarities with Li Yu, and the style of his words is also similar, but his euphemism is too much and his pain is not as great as Li Yu's. In terms of artistic expression, Yen Guidao's poems have been very popular in the world. In terms of artistic expression, YAN Qidao has the depth and fineness of Ouyang Xiu, but not as much as Ouyang Xiu's spaciousness and far-reaching flavor. The small Yan lyrics have the charming style of his father Yanshu, but not as rounded and gentle as the big Yan lyrics, and the color of sadness obviously exceeds that of Yanshu.
Secondly, the mode of expression of emotion in Xiaoshan Lyrics: expression in dreams
Dwelling on the past and memories, Yan Guidao is particularly fond of dreaming, whether it is a sound dream in the countryside or a daydream in waking up, and dreaming has become the main mode of expression of emotion in Xiaoshan Lyrics. The word "dream" appears more than sixty times in the Xiao Shan Lyrics. Yan Guidao also said bluntly: "The sadness and happiness and separation things remembered, like fantasy, like electricity, like yesterday's dream before dust." By analyzing Xiao Shan's words from four perspectives, namely, the flashback of dream, the passionate love in dream, the lyricism of dream, and the analysis of the cause of dream, the artistic craftsmanship of Yan Gui Dao's unique artistry can be brought out.
1. The flashback of dream: an aesthetic and emotional world very different from the reality
It should be said that Yan Guidao was a lyricist who indulged in sleep. This sentence has two meanings: one is that the content of his words is very narrow, except for a very few works with some kind of social and historical content, the rest of the works have not left the scope of the love of love and parting hate and sadness, he closed the "self" in a small space away from the reality of the society at that time; the second is that his words are obsessed with the depiction of the dream world, and he is keen on the development of the dream world, and he has always been a dreamer, he has always been a dreamer. The second is that his words are obsessed with dream depictions and keen on the development of dreams, and he has been weaving colorful dreams since the beginning.
Dreams are gorgeous and illusory, but they give people freedom, and many things that are unimaginable and unimaginable in reality become reality in dreams in an extraordinary way, so that people can experience the uncontrollable excitement after their ideals are realized and their desires are fulfilled. There are many chapters in Xiaoshan Words that reflect the joyful scenes in dreams. For example, the word "Partridge Sky" (small order to see the jade pipe in front of Zunxiao), which beats with a joyful mood. This cheerful mood and unrestrained rhythm, in the "small mountain words" is very rare. The first piece of the lyricist with the enchanting songstress love at first sight, resulting in the legendary Tang Weigao and jade xiao two marriage-like love. The next piece of the lyricist breaks through the limitations of time and space, stepping over the bridge sprinkled with poplar flowers and lovers in the dream meeting. The specific scenario of the meeting is hidden and not declared, but from the "blue cloud sky *** Chu Palace remote" sentence can be imagined, the lyricist is the king of Chu encountered Wushan Goddess such a good dream.
In the real society, people are always subject to legal, ethical, moral norms and constraints, their emotions can not be free to exude, behavior shall not be out of line, otherwise they will be subject to ritual sanctions and moral judgment. However, there is still an unfettered inner world for human beings, that is, the sphere of human heart and emotion. The dream is to break through all the social order and enter the new world of absolute freedom, which can maximize the transcendence of reality. The deeper you love, the more you think; the longer you repress, the more intense the outbreak. The song "Partridge Sky" is a song of joy for the freedom of the soul. Cheng Yi, a famous Taoist of the Northern Song Dynasty, read the last two lines of this lyric and said, "Ghost language also." Isn't "ghost language" the language of dreams? This call and pursuit of love from human nature, even the most Confucius and Mencius Confucianism had to be touched by: "I also appreciate the intention". The artistic charm of "Ghost Language" is really big enough. "Returning to lie alone on a free night, dreaming of meeting with Moet and Chandon." ("Cai Sang Zi") "Unless, after parting, I see you in my dreams." ("Cai Sang Zi") "The traveling clouds are unsettled, but still in my dream soul." ("The Journey of a Young Man") Such a dream is fascinating and worth pursuing.
However, not all dreams are beautiful, and sometimes even the pursuit of dreams is difficult to realize. That is why there are quite a few sad dreams and bleak dreams in "Xiao Shan Lyrics". For example:
Dreaming of the Jiangnan smoky water road, traveling all over the Jiangnan, do not meet with the departed. I'm not going to meet with the departed. I can't tell you where I've lost my soul in my sleep, but I'm disappointed that I've lost my soul in my sleep. (Butterfly Lovers Flower)
Golden wind and jade dew at the beginning of the cool night, autumn grass in front of the window, shallow drunken sleep, a pillow of river wind dream is not round. (Cai Sang Zi)
The coverlet is cold, the pillow is lonely, the sadness is waiting for the wine to Shu. I'm not sure if I've ever had a dream, but I'm sure I've never had one. （
The new spring is coming, the lyricist in the dream to find a long time lover, the mountain a journey, the water a journey, traveled all over the south of the Yangtze River, but there is no trace. When the golden wind, even the sky of the cowherd and the weaving maiden have to meet across the Milky Way once a year, while the lyricist in the dream is difficult to be reunited. Into the winter, even the dream is nowhere to be found. It is said that people's desire will never be satisfied, in fact, people's requirements are sometimes very limited. In the case of Yan Guidao's words, what he asks for is only true love. However, true love does not belong to him. He can only seek the only comfort: dreams. Now even the dream does not belong to the poet. How could he not be saddened?
Because the poet has long suffered from the torment of a good dream, he sometimes even mistook the miraculous reunion of a long time ago for a false, unbelievable dream. The word "dream" appears twice in this song. The word "dream" is a real "dream", while the latter is an imaginary "dream". The former is the dream of longing for each other after parting, the latter is the dream of meeting again after a long time, which seems to be false. The dream of lovesickness is joyful, albeit short-lived; the dream of meeting is bleak, albeit realistic. These two "dreams" reflect each other up and down, and contrast with each other before and after, which set off the lyricist's potential emotion of true simplicity, intensity and durability on a deeper level.
In order to get more good dreams, to have more and longer sleeping time, the lyricist often has to use the power of drunkenness. In Xiaoshan's words, "wine" and "drunkenness" are often closely associated with "dream", becoming twin sisters. Almost all of the words quoted above have the word "wine" or "drunkenness", or even "wine" and "drunkenness", Even the words "wine", "drunk" and "dream" are found in all of them. The first is that the word "drunk" is used to describe a person who is drunk, and even the word "drunk" and "dream" are all together. The first time I saw this, I was in the middle of a journey to the city of Panglai. The Jade Face is the Rui Zhu Fairy, and we meet to show all the double moths. The first thing you need to do is to get a good deal of money to pay for the services you need. The two swallows are flying west again, so I can't help but send the word "love" to them.
The first piece is all a dream: the lyricist went through the green grass and red flowers along the path, climbed up to the red building near the water, and met with the stunning "Rui Zhu Xian" woman unexpectedly. From the sentence "double moth" and "show all", it can be seen that this kind of meeting is very happy. Not only that, the lyricist has been immersed in this beautiful dream throughout the spring: "I always see Yingzhou in the spring". "Yingzhou is also the fairyland of Penglai in the previous piece. The reason why there are so many good dreams is because of the "shallow drunkenness of flowing goblets".
"Dreams" and "drunkenness" are already inseparable. "I advise you to come to the dreamland frequently, this is the place where there is no sorrow and no hatred." ("Yu Lou Chun") "Drunk with a cup of joy, drunk each into a lonely pillow dream." (Yu Lou Chun) "The past is like a dream, and the saddest thing is to return home in a drunken stupor." (Tapsa Xing) "The new wine adds to the remaining wine, and this spring does not diminish the hatred of the previous spring." ("Butterfly Lovers") When a person is asleep, he can be less constrained by the objective social reality than when he is awake, and he can express his feelings through his dreams. But dreams are illusory and difficult to grasp. Sometimes when you wake up, you forget all about it. Yan Qi Dao is not. He had a special preference for dreams and cherished them. He had enough dreams stored up. Fearing that his dreams would be lost, he let them flash back in time, and used the language of poetry to solidify his dreams. Thus, "Little Mountain Words" becomes a gallery of the author's dreams. The dreams in this gallery are colorful. Such as: "dreaming", "after dreaming", "dreaming back", "dreaming consciousness", "dream rain", "dream clouds"; and "spring dream", "autumn dream", "Night Dream", "Imaginary Dream", "Remnant Dream"; plus "Duck Screen Dream", "Wuxia Dream", "Peachland Dream", "Butterfly Dream", "Gautang Dream", Butterfly Dream", "Gao Tang Dream", "Balcony Dream" and so on. These more than sixty "dream" words have accounted for 260 "small mountain words" of a quarter. If you add the word "wine" 55 times, "drunk" 48 times ("discretion", "honor".), "goblet", "goblet" are not counted), **** more than 160 times, more than one-half of the whole word. If the implied meaning of "high Tang", "clouds and rain", "clouds" and so on with the "dream" ( But without the word "dream", this number is close to two thirds of the whole lyric. This is the reality of Yan Qidao's words, a state of mind, a phenomenon that needs to be looked at differently.
The reason why Yan Guidao was so enthusiastic about the depiction of dreams was that he was obsessed with creating a new world of aesthetic art that was opposed to the real world. He transformed the external scrutiny of both sides of the romance into a positive, objectified internal scrutiny. The lyricist's aesthetic vision has shifted from the depiction of physical appearance, clothing, environment and natural scenery to the deep excavation of the love heart. He naturally and skillfully transforms the potential inevitability of beauty into material reality. In terms of the beauty of the character and emotional attachment of the main character (including the beauty of the aesthetic object), although there is a certain degree of exaggeration, but as a whole, it has made a contribution that has not been made before, and in the history of Chinese lyrics, this transformation is of some kind of pioneering significance.
2, the dream of passionate love: sleeping words in the sculpture of the waking lover
In the end, what kind of women, worthy of Yen Qidao so wholeheartedly devoted, incomparable attachment? There is very little information on the life of Yann Gidao, and not much is known about his love affairs. From his autobiography "small mountain word preface" can be learned, he is passionately in love with no more than shen, chen and other friends of the singer and dancer only. Shen, Chen two people, is about and the lyricist origin, experience, character has some similar close friends. Lotus, Hong, Apple, Yun is not only good at singing and playing, but also character, charm and worldly generation is very different, so the lyricist can be not from the heart and gradually develop into the extreme situation of life and death love. The image of Lotus, Hong, Apple and Cloud and their relationship with the lyricist are vividly reflected in Xiaoshan Words. Partridge Sky:
I have kept the lotus in bloom and traveled with it, and I have made an appointment to go on the orchid boat with the leaves of ping ping, and when I came to Pukou, the clouds followed me, and when I picked the moon by the river, it filled the building. The flowers don't speak, the water flows, and I have to worry about the flowers every year, but if the west wind moves in the morning, I will not be able to resist the fall.
The words "lotus", "ping" and "cloud" appear in the lyrics, which seem to intentionally put the four singers "together". The words "lotus", "ping" and "cloud" appear in the lyrics.
Other chapters also portray different images of the four songstresses. The one who wrote about Xiaolian is "Magnolia Flower":
Xiaolian has not yet understood the heart of the vegetarianism, crazy like tin kite string bottom column. The moon over her eyebrows is broken and she wants to go. I'm not sure if I've ever had a good time, but I'm sure I've had a good time, and I'm sure I've never had a good time. I'm not sure how much I'm going to be able to do this, but I'm sure I'll be able to do it, and I'm sure I'll be able to do it.
There are specific depictions of Xiaolian's posture and physique in the words. Some other words are still being added, so that the image of Xiaolian is gradually fleshed out. "Plum stamen new makeup osmanthus leaf eyebrow, small lotus rhyme out of the Yao Chi. Clouds follow the green water to sing, and snow wraps around the red image to dance with sleeves hanging down." ("Partridge Sky") "Under the willow pianos and songs in the courtyard, between the flowers the sisters swing. I remember what happened in the spring building at that time, and I wrote to the red window before the moonlight night. Who will send the little lotus." (The Broken Formation) "It's just like the two pillows of Lotus, in the painting screen." ("Sorrowful Leaning Order")
There are not many words that directly portray Xiaohong. In Mermaid of Yu, "The tears in my sleeves every year are always for this day. I ask who is the same as the memory of flowers, earned a small Hong eyebrows, also low knit." Although some words are not directly written small Hong, but homophonic false borrowing, it seems that can also be regarded as a description of small Hong.
The red raw silk is soft at the waist, and the spinning and weaving dance clothes are dyed like a palace. The first time I saw this, I was in the middle of a dance, and I was in the middle of a dance, and I was in the middle of a dance. I'm not sure if I'm going to be able to do that, but I'm going to be able to do it, and I'm going to be able to do it. I'm not sure if I'm going to be able to get a good look at this, but I'm sure I'm going to be able to get a good look at it.
The words "red image", "red sun" and "wild goose" can all be associated with the word "Hong".
The word "apples" appears more often in Xiaoshan's words, sometimes as "knitting brows" and sometimes as "ping", which seems to be a person. Linjiang Xian" (after the dream, the platform is locked) wrote about the first impression of "small apples at first sight". The small knitted brows smile all enchanting, light note light even long light clean. It's a good idea to come up with a good plan for the future. I'm not sure if I'm going to be able to do this, but I'm sure I'll be able to do it, and I'm sure I'll be able to do it.
Small clouds do not appear in many scenes.
Small clouds do not appear in many scenes. The next piece of "The Beauty of Yu" says she: "The old double-star agreement is in place every year, and the smile of the human condition has changed. There is a period of uncertainty is no period of time, said with Xiaoyun new hatred, also lowered eyebrows." In the words of "Raccoon Lake Sand", "Chao Yun" appears many times, and some of them seem to refer to Xiao Yun, but it is not possible to make a generalization.
Additionally, the recurring words "Jasper", "Niannu", "Xiaoqiong", "Yuzhen
In addition, the words "Jasper", "Nian Nu", "Xiao Qiong", "Yu Zhen", "Yu xiao", "Ah Fung" and so on repeatedly appear in the lyrics also seem to refer to the four singers or specifically refers to the one that he is most in love with.
The beauty, charm, dancing and singing of these four songstresses are so long strumming the lyricist's heartstrings. "Physical beauty, intimate interaction, harmony and interest" and so on prompted the lyricist from the surface of the pleasure, attraction and then turned to the soul of the feelings. His portrayal of the four girls also goes through a process of going from shallow to deep. The turning point of this process is the blow of separation.
Yan Guidao was the twilight son of Yan Shu. Born into a family of marquises, he grew up in the hands of women, and had a good life of fine clothes and fine food. However, Yan Guidao's life is going downhill, with the Shen, Chen two friends of the "illness", "the next world", tragedy occurs. "Love but not loved", this is the "small mountain words" throughout the conflict. Generally speaking, there are two choices: one is to insist on keeping one's faith and fight resolutely until one's life and death are ignored; the other is to treasure one's love in one's heart, and to seek solace in lonely moments as a beautiful memory. Yan Guidao had some of both, but his actions were not quite the same as these two. On the one hand, because of the family's decline, he could not change his own fate, let alone the fate of the four girls; on the other hand, because of the great power of this feeling, which is "beyond life and death, forgetting things and self, and penetrating the real and unreal", the lyricist was forced to take action. Of course, his action is not to face the social reality, but to objectify and materialize the beautiful emotion, which is his lyrics creation. After the ravages and trials of life and death, he sublimates beauty in two ways: one is to mold the self through the freedom of dreams or passions; the other is to sculpt the four waking lovers through dreams and fictions.
With the decline of his family and political setbacks, Yan Qidao fell from the peak of wealth. Amidst the waves of life, he is a vagabond banished from the world. On the face of it, these four girls were "wandering on earth" because they had no means of subsistence. In fact, the real exile is not others, but Yan Qi Dao himself. He was powerless to save these four weak lives, and was finally deprived of the right to love each other and became disillusioned. His heart is filled with grief, self-condemnation and a sense of wanderlust. In addition to the dreams, he sometimes makes passionate confessions:
Long Xiang Xiang Si, long Xiang Si, if you ask what is the end of the period of Xiang Si, unless when we meet each other. I'm not sure who I'm talking about, but I'm not sure who I'm talking about.
This is the only song in the Xiaoshan Words, which is the only one of its kind. Chen Tingzhuo said, "This is also a special tune in Xiaoshan's collection." The name of the tune is closely related to the content, and the word "lovesickness" appears as many as six times. It is a low and repetitive tune with a long and deep meaning. The red paper is colorless in the depths of my feelings. （
The red paper, the red paper, the red paper, the infinite cry marks. ("Two Concentrics")
The paper is broken and red, and the poems are often sent to old acquaintances. ("Partridge Sky")
Who can tell us what happened in the past, and how we can break our hearts? (Partridge Sky)
When I wanted to write a letter of parting on a colored paper, the tear marks were already filled up. (Butterfly Lovers Flower)
Books and poems are all written with tears and heart's blood. This is about the lyricist himself, but also about his lover. It's hard to tell whether they are written in the words of the lyricist himself or in the words of the songstress.
The lyricist is also good at comparing his heart to his mind, sculpting the image of his lover in his sleep:
The sky is like water outside the curved appendage, which I used to lean on last night. The first time I compared the bright moon to a good time, long to the time of the full moon, looking for people to return. I'm not sure if I'm going to be able to get a good deal on the way to the next level. I am too lazy to tune the strings, but I still have two lines of tears in front of the koto. (The Beauty of Yu)
Waking up from a drunken stupor, the spring is over again, and the rain of the wild pears is drying up the tears. The sound of the jade pianos and the empty complaints of the luan, the fragrance of the Luo Curtain, the swallow has not yet returned. The final is easy to disperse, and long leisure, do not teach the hate damage to the face. Who can **** show the mandarin ducks brocade, together with the west building this night cold. (Partridge Sky)
Tear stains are all over the mandarin ducks pillow, and again around the corridor, the moon on the east window, long to the present day want to break
.