Instructional methods for micro writing
Instructional methods for micro writing. Different genres can also be written and style, childhood memories are evoked at this time, to write a good essay can not rely on the same way of writing, emotions and skills are important, the following is the guidance method of micro-writing.
Micro-writing guidance method 1
A micro-essay focuses on the ability to test (skills)
(a) the ability to review the topic
The material of the micro-essay is often implied in a number of writing requirements such as the technique, persona, the focus of the length of the essay, etc., such as the lack of careful reading, it will be It is easy to make mistakes.
(B) the ability to plan and layout
The small composition is a fragmentary composition, not a chapter. Nevertheless, structural integrity should not be ignored. A small essay will be more effective if it is structurally complete and coherent.
(C) association and imagination
Imagination refers to the ability to synthesize the use of association and imagination. Association and imagination are two different concepts, both different and closely related. In order to develop a rich imagination, candidates must learn to use various ways of association and imagination. Associations are analogical associations, comparative associations, cause and effect associations, hierarchical associations and so on. Imagination has recreation imagination (or reproduction imagination) and creative imagination. Only the appropriate use of association, in order to carry out reasonable conjecture; only to develop a rich imagination, narrative, description can be vivid image.
(D) expression
1, skillful use of a variety of ways of expression
The expression of the article has a narrative, description, illustration, argumentation, lyricism five. Narrative writing is one of the most basic and common way of expression, it is the author of the character of the experience and the development of events and the process of change, as well as the scene, the space of the conversion of the account. Description is a way of expression that depicts the appearance and mood of the object of description and reproduces it to the reader. Description, according to the description of the different objects can be divided into writing, writing, three categories, according to the description of the technique can be divided into the work of fine description and rough strokes, according to the order of writing can be divided into from far to near, from high to low, from big to small, from the static to the dynamic, from the whole to the local and so on.
2, and strive to be concise, beautiful, refined expression
First of all, the sentence is smooth, which is the basic requirements of the composition in terms of language expression. The small essay is characterized by "small", therefore, the candidates must have a sense of refinement in writing. A good essay should be concise and well thought out, as well as beautiful language and vivid descriptions. Strive to achieve concise and beautiful language, and strive to achieve the realm of concision.
Second, a small essay in the common expression of examples
(a) description
1, what is description
Description is to use colorful, three-dimensional, vivid and graphic written language The state of the expression of the object, vivid, specific portrayal, giving people a vivid, immersive feeling. It is a kind of "form and spirit" method of expression, is a person, narrative, writing the scene of the article is one of the main methods of expression.
2, the role of description
Through the description, in order to do the "sound and color" "vivid" "lifelike ""vividly"" "vividly"" "but also very good". This is because the author of the specific figurative language to write people, objects, the objective object written with sound, color, obscurity, shape, so that people have a personal presence, such as witnessing their own, such as hearing their voices, such as smell their taste, such as seeing their color, such as the experience of their feelings.
Commonly used description methods:
Appearance description:
Also known as portrait description. That is, the character's external features (including the character's appearance, clothing, look, body type, posture, behavior, etc.) to describe, in order to reveal the character's ideology and character, to express the author's love and hate, and to deepen the reader's impression of the character, the side of the character of the character's behavior.
For the description of appearance is generally used:
1, a brief sketch of the characteristics; 2, the use of rhetorical devices; 3, send the author's love and hate; 4, with the help of other people's eyes; 5, the relevant characters contrast; 6, a person several portraits; 7, combined with other techniques.
The requirements of physical description are: according to the need to capture the characteristics, draw the shape of the spirit, portray the character, show the soul.
Psychological description :
First, the psychological activities of the characters should be written in a specific character in a specific environment is bound to produce psychological activities, and can not be psychological description for psychological description. Such as the snowy cold days, the average person wants to drive the cold to warm up, quickly out of the sun; this is a person's instinctive normative requirements. But specific characters in a specific environment, not necessarily so think.
Secondly, writing psychological activities, to prevent the left a psychological activity, right a psychological activity. Only when the key plot, action, expression, accompanied by psychological description.
Third, write psychological activities, we must strive to write the character of the subtle emotional waves and complex psychological change process. For example, in the last chapter of Gorky's "Mother", Nilovna found the secret agent for a moment of faltering, fear, and inner conflict, until firm and calm.
Action Description:
The description of the character's character traits and mental outlook through the language and text to show the character's own actions in the conflict and struggle.
Mao Dun said, "The character of the character must be expressed through action." He also said: "Since the action of the characters (the plot of the work) is the main means of characterization, then, the character is not typical, but also depends on the typicality of these actions or not. When the author makes the characters act, he should try to eliminate those plots which, though vivid and interesting, do not express the typical character. (Artistic Skills)
(B) argument
Argumentation is one of the main ways of writing, it requires a clear thesis, the argument is sufficient, the argument is well thought out. It is also a means of expression for literary creation. Argumentation is a kind of evaluation, reasoning expression. The characteristics of argumentation is to convince people with reason, with the method of reasoning, concepts, judgments, reasoning and other logical forms, direct analysis of objective things, comments, proof. In daily life, people often use argumentation, long, right and wrong. In writing, it is even more important to make arguments, to promote the point of view, to clarify the theory, to influence the reader.
(C) Lyric
Lyric, that is, the expression of feelings, emotions. Refers to the formal organization of discourse, symbolic expression of personal inner feelings of a class of literary activities, it is relative to the narrative, with subjective, personalized and poetic features. Lyric way to specific points can be divided into the method of lyricism, the method of touching the scene, the method of love, the method of love, the method, the method, the method of direct expression of feelings, the method and the method of melting feelings in things and the method of melting feelings in the reasoning, and so on. As a special way of literary reflection, lyricism mainly reflects the spiritual aspects of social life and achieves freedom of mind through the aesthetic transformation of reality in consciousness. Lyricism is the dialectical unity of individuality and sociality, as well as the dialectical unity of emotional release and emotional construction, aesthetic creation.
Third, the small essay essay questions and writing method examples
Example one
Read the following text, choose any one question, according to the requirements to complete the micro-writing. (10 points)
Trains, subways, buses in the "low head" more and more, including students, young people, including students, get on the car soon took out the phone, regardless of the length of the journey, regardless of sitting or standing, everyone's eyes on the screen ......< /p>
(1) According to the above material, please imagine reasonably, write a paragraph describing this scene on the train, subway or bus, about 200 words.
1 , write what?
Describe the scene when young people get on a train and look down at their cell phones
2 , how to write?
A combination of points and surfaces (from one or a few, to a group or a class)
Specific atmosphere (cold, closed, stagnant; silence ......)
Reasonable order (either chronological, or spatial)
Expression (a variety of ways of integrated use, highlighting the description)
Example:
The subway came into the station, the screen door opened in front of me, and there was no surprise that what came into view was a carriage full of people with their heads bowed down, and every one of them stared straight at the flashing cell phone screen. "Excuse me, please move over." The guy standing at the door reluctantly pressed the pause button and took two steps deeper into the compartment, as if displeased that I was interrupting his cell phone game. Looking around, I saw people are addicted to the hands of the "small world", or browse the news, or watch movies and TV shows, or brush microblogging microblogging. Some people are sending cell phone voice, some people from time to time giggle, some people in the screen dancing fingers ...... I arrived at the station, the carriage of the "low head" are still immersed in the entertainment brought about by cell phones. The subway door is about to close a moment, a low head of people before grabbing the phone out of the door ......
(2) please to "low head of people, you missed ......" to start, write a paragraph The text to express your feelings when faced with this scenario, about 200 words.
1 , write what?
Express your feelings about the scene of "young people in the carriage looking down at their cell phones"
2 , how to write?
Specific beginning ("low head, you missed ......")
Highlight
Missed content: inside and outside the car scenery, interpersonal communication, real life, the world style, independent thought. ......
Own feelings: regret, pity, worry, incomprehension
Expression (focus on the use of lyricism in expression)
Example:
Low-headers, you're missing out on too much. You chose to keep your heads down on the long train ride, and you chose to miss out. You missed the sunshine on a sunny day shining through the windows of the train, and you missed the rainy day when the water beads wet the glass and flowed down the path of the dynamic traces. You missed the y expectant eyes of the travelers on the way home, and missed the firm gaze of the young people who went to the city to work. I feel sorry for you, because at the moment when the angry bird hits the piggy on your screen, there may be a beautiful moment that passes you by, and they would have warmed your heart. Keep your head up! This is a carriage full of love and warmth, this is a world that can warm you and move you.
(3) From the perspective of "health care", write a paragraph to persuade your peers to "refuse to be a low head", about 200 words.
1. What to write? To persuade their peers to "pay attention to health" and "refuse to be a low-headed person"
2, how to write? Clear purpose (to persuade the health to refuse to do the low head race) reason reasonable, sufficient / in-depth (around the "health" to talk about the hazards)
Physical: affect the eyesight, cause cataracts, harm to the cervical vertebrae, muscle stiffness, facial drooping, finger tendonitis
Psychological: to escape from the reality of indulgence in the vain Physiologically speaking, long-term head-down posture will cause damage to your cervical vertebrae, and in the shaking car staring at the small screen, but also on your eyesight to cause adverse effects. Psychologically, when you focus on the cell phone screen, you block communication with the outside world and close yourself off. In the long run, you will deepen your dependence on your cell phone and weaken your social skills. Let's "refuse to be a low head", look out of the window and observe the people around us more often! Let's keep our minds and bodies healthy!
Example 2
Read the following text, according to the requirements of the composition. (10 points)
When night falls, many neighborhoods in the public **** place, will be occupied by the dancing crowd, which is now popular in the country's amateur exercise activities - square dance. However, because of the square dance music disturbed by the contradiction between the frequent occurrence of such a thing happened recently, a neighborhood square dance music, nearby residents moved to collect money to buy a loudspeaker, playing very high decibel noise, strong interference with the dancers melody, so that the dancers suffered a lot.
Please take the dancers or nearby residents as the identity of the neighborhood security management department to write a text message, stating their views on the square dance dispute, and for the maintenance of their own rights and interests to put forward reasonable suggestions.
Example
Subdivision Management:
In recent times, we have had a lot of trouble with the residents in our neighborhood because of the square dancing. Our intention is to exercise, entertainment mood, did not expect to be so affected by the normal life of the residents of the district, the future please supervise and guide more; at the same time, we suggest that we can open up a suitable dance place in the district, not only to meet the needs of our elderly people to exercise, but also does not interfere with the lives of nearby residents, but also enhance the cultural taste of the district to **** to build a harmonious community.
I hope the leaders pay more attention to the lives of the elderly and consider our suggestions.
A dancer
Year Month
District management:
In recent times, we and the square dancing elderly friends of the contradiction is increasingly sharp, I think our behavior is also a lack of reason, which is not deserved. Although the elderly need to exercise, entertainment mood, but the noisy music does affect the normal life of the community, I hope the community to consider the rights and interests of the residents, grasp the coordination of this matter. Suggestions can be in the district to open up a suitable dance place, at the same time limit the dance time, the volume of the dance music to monitor and control, so that not only to meet the needs of elderly friends, but also does not interfere with the lives of our nearby residents, so that our community has become a harmonious community, civilized community.
I hope the leadership will consider my suggestion.
A resident
Year month
scoring standards content 6 points, stating their views on the square dance dispute, put forward to safeguard their rights and interests. Suggestions; language expression 4 points, the requirements of language concise, decent, clear hierarchy, reasonable format. Every 3 misspellings minus 1 point, repetition is not counted. Insufficient words, every less than 30 words minus 1 point.
Fourth, the format of the application of the genre
(a) letters
General letters (including invitations) include five parts: (1) address. The first line of the letter is written in top space, followed by a colon. (2) body. The second line of two empty spaces to write, turn the line top space. There may be several paragraphs. (3) Conclusion. After the body is written, if the last line of the body more space, you can continue to write "hereby", "wish" and other words, otherwise, another line with two or four spaces to write "hereby", Otherwise, start a new line with two or four spaces for "herewith", "best wishes" and so on. Then another line to write "salute", "progress" and other words of praise. (4) Signature. Generally written in the second half of the next line of the words of praise. (5) Date. Written in the signature of the next line, written on the right side of the year, month and day.
Invitations in addition to the characteristics of the letter, but also to specify the specific time and place to attend, the language should be polite and courteous.
In addition, attention should be paid to the writing of the envelope. To write the recipient's postal code and detailed address. The recipient's name, address position in the center. Address is the letter carrier to the recipient's name, should not write "parents", "sister" and other names. If it is a registered letter, but also write the name of the sender; if it is a special letter, but also required to write their own and the other party's phone number.
(B) Kaixin
Kaixin, the original meaning of:, state things. Mostly used for the next to the top; as an applied text style, the text for the public statement of something, more in the newspaper or posted on the wall.
The writing of the Kaiwu is: the first line in the center of the name of the Kaiwu, such as "essay Kaiwu". The second line of the empty two spaces, write the content of the event. At the end of the lower right line in two lines to write the signature, date. Some of the content should be very specific and clear, such as address, time, contact and so on. Some content should not be written specifically clear, such as "lost and found" in the details of the lost and found, to prevent fraudulent claims.
(C) notice
The general format of the notice is: the first line in the center of the word "notice". The second line of the top of the name of the party to be notified, plus a colon (if the body has been clear about the object of the notice, the name of the party to be notified can also be omitted). The next two empty space to write the body, if the body of more content, can be written in sections, so that readers can grasp the content of the main points. Signature and date written in two lines in the body of the lower right.
(D) telegram
In the telegram special paper, according to the requirements of the recipient's name, address, item by item. The message is generally not addressed, no punctuation, no space. Signature immediately after the text, can be familiar with the other side of the abbreviation. Figures are generally expressed in Arabic numerals, each cell can write up to four digits. Write the message should be concise, but also to understand, do not be too simple to produce ambiguity, cause misunderstanding.
(E) news
News of many styles, the following is a brief introduction to the format of the newsletter: (1) the title summarizes the main content of the newsletter. (2) the introduction of the introduction is the beginning of the newsletter, a paragraph, the requirements of the newsletter with a very concise words summarize the most basic content. (3) The main body of the main body is the main part of the newsletter, the requirements of specific and clear, informative, hierarchical. (4) The end is a summary of the content of the newsletter. Some newsletters can not end.
(F) broadcast
The format of the broadcast and the general newspaper with the format is no difference. But pay attention to the listening effect, the language should be colloquial colloquialization (written language to oral language, literary to vernacular), to avoid misunderstandings caused by the sound of the same word is different, but also do not read out the punctuation and misunderstandings, such as "'hope that the elementary school,' each student has a book "Parents donate money to the investigation of the school. " It is easy to read and make different understandings.
(VII) application
The purpose of writing an application is to put forward their own clear and specific some kind of request to the superior or relevant authorities and affirm the reasons, with a view to obtaining approval. The general format of the application is: (1) the title includes the cause and the name of the document, such as "application for membership". (2) The body includes the reason for the application (including the applicant's basic situation), matters, reasons and requirements. (3) The end of the applicant and the date. Write an application, the matter should be clear, the attitude should be positive, the words should be earnest, the reason should be sufficient.
(H) instructions
The instructions require the introduction of the object described both comprehensive and focused. To be objective, accurate, concise, colloquial, not because of the pursuit of words beautiful and vivid and inaccurate, misleading.
The application of the specific needs of the service, by the clear purpose of writing, specialized reading object, the use of certain occasions and other conditions of constraints, therefore, the line should focus on the appropriate: not only to accurately express the meaning of the other side of the psychological emotions, to adapt to the specific interpersonal relationships, to adapt to the transfer of information on the environmental conditions and other conditions. The words and phrases should not only be "clear" but also "elegant", so we should learn to use some idioms and a small number of customary literary words correctly.
Micro-writing guidance method 2 A micro-writing skills (a) straight to the point, without the need to spread micro-writing to precision as a means to straight to the point as the core. Do not render, do not spread, around the theme, according to the requirements of the direct writing center content. Generally speaking, micro-writing can only write material requirements constraints of a particular time and space within the person or thing, can not go beyond the scope of this time and space, can not be subject to time and space limitations and arbitrary play and association. Due to the influence of the Chinese "spiral" habits of thought, many students are always difficult to do this requirement, a lack of attention will result in the number of words has reached the requirements of the composition, the center of the content has not yet expressed the phenomenon of completeness. Such as a small composition "please use about 200 words to describe the scene of the school flag-raising", the writing must be centered around the "scene" as the center, directly describing the "scene" is closely related to the "scene". The first thing you need to do is to make sure that you have a good idea of what you're getting into. (2) subtle layout, appropriate sublimation micro-writing is "small" but the layout is necessary. The same event can be written from different angles, in different ways, take a different time and space order, which requires the structure of the article to make the necessary layout planning, such as the use of symbols and metaphors, inverted order, according to the suspense coincidence, etc., to increase the layout of the subtle tactics, so that it has the effect of ingenuity. Micro-writing should also emphasize the "pen", that is, to "sublimate the theme". Sublimation of the theme is the natural extension of the theme on the basis of the part or improve, in the end with concise language expressed. Writing skills are: according to the event, write a feeling; by association, write a feeling; eulogize praise, write a sigh; narrative experience, write a sense. This can make the composition has a stronger attraction and infectious force, only to leave a deeper impression on the reader. Two teaching strategies to improve the ability of "micro-writing" (a) create a writing platform, enrich the writing material First, we need to create a platform for students to express themselves. In a sense, learning to speak is fundamental to writing. In normal teaching, teachers should give the right to speak to students, let students speak more, and guide students to answer questions in a coherent manner. For example, by carrying out speech contests, reading contests, storytelling in five minutes before class and other activities, to give students more opportunities to show their eloquence, so that "the composition of the first from the beginning of the speech". Secondly, enrich the teaching resources of micro-writing. Micro-essay writing, involving more diverse genres, more flexible expression, the content is also more extensive, which requires students to read "more", to "miscellaneous". High school students usually live on campus, less contact with society, reading is the best way for them to understand society, sense of life and life. Usually, it is worthwhile to let the "micro fiction", "fiction", "Thinking and Wisdom", "Prose Poetry", "Miscellaneous Newspaper" and other newspapers and magazines into the classroom, so that the reading of the students to write the source of the living water. (2) Strengthen the method of guidance, strengthen the exchange and mutual understanding First of all, a variety of writing styles of method of guidance. The micro-essay writing involves more varied styles and more flexible expressions, at least the commonly used styles, such as narrative, argumentative, explanatory, and application categories must be mastered. For example: the narrative genre includes writing and narrative of two, write a narrative essay to master language description, portrait description, psychological description, environmental description, detail description; narrative to master scene description, scene description, and so on. Secondly, there are steps and plans for writing module training. Teachers of students' writing to long-term planning, high school three years of all types of genres to let students train once, and let the training refinement. For example: the first half of the semester to focus on the training of narrative modules and argumentative modules; the second half of the semester to focus on the training of illustrative modules and application modules. In the training of the narrative module, and then write a person, narrative, writing scenes and objects to practice separately. Therefore, to refine the training to achieve results. Again, mutual appreciation and learning, broaden the communication. Collective writing, interactive assessment and correction, students write in the classroom, collectively write, write on the assessment and correction, appreciation. Breaking the traditional way of assessment and correction, so that students in the process of chatting with each other, the growth of insight, more familiar with each other, when encountering their own interest in the topic, will be talking about, forget the time, the teacher next to the students also know every day of the small mind, small hobbies, and then will be flexible to their point of interest in the teaching. (C) Extended reading and writing practice integration Real life is the source of the exercise, extracurricular reading is the spice of the exercise, reading and writing combination, write more convincing. You can write good-looking books in micro-essays, you can excerpts, you can also talk about feelings, but also text with pictures, for the characters in the book with a picture, make a character poster, and then share with each other, say their own ideas. Teachers should also strive to be grounded in the question, and more to guide students to observe daily life, tasting and discussing the phenomenon of life, so that micro-writing may receive the ground, the students may write an article with the temperature of life. Micro-essay, although "micro", but also can not be achieved overnight, so it is necessary to "loose open-ended" into "theme-specific" gradual training. "Loose open-ended" hundred words of training to cultivate students' writing enthusiasm, habit, and develop "my hands write my heart" of writing ideas. "Theme-specific" for the designated type of hundred words training, intended to designate the different "class", the ability to work on a variety of divisions, in the stage of time, one by one training, consolidation. In short, micro-writing, although a few sentences, can reflect a person's comprehensive quality and ability to process information, express emotions, and state their views. Through effective teaching strategies, students can be the most concise words, the fastest speed to write a far-reaching purpose, condensed and beautiful, style and personalized micro-essay. The main forms of "micro-writing" are "circle point annotation" style, "microblogging" style, "text selection" style, "text selection" style. "Circle point annotation" type "micro-writing" "circle point annotation" is one of the most simple and easy to implement "micro-writing This hair comment type "micro-writing", there is a very strong improvisation, it is the reader's spark of thought a flash of light, if you can adhere to a long time, accumulated, the students' ability to think will gradually improve, the students' ideas are gradually rich, have a depth. Real reading, readers will inevitably care about some of the words that can touch their hearts, they use the annotations, the fluctuations of their own minds, electro-cardiogram-like tracing out. The process of expressing their joys and sorrows in writing is also a process of accumulation of writing, the accumulation of this emotion is the source of expression of true feelings in the composition, with the accumulation of these true feelings, in order to avoid the writing of artifice and moaning. The benefits of this "micro-writing" not only lies in the practice and accumulation, the most important thing is that it can inject spirituality into the mind, so that the reading and writing of things, the world and the word to maintain a sensitive mind, so that the composition has a source of living water. For example, in the study of Tao Yuanming's "Wing Jing Ke", the teacher asked the students to circle and annotate the poem "Wing Jing Ke" based on the text "Jing Ke stabbed the Qin King". Some students criticized "pity the sword art is sparse, the strange work is not!" Two sentences is a wonderful small argumentative essay: "pity" word know Tao Yuanming eyes see heart cold, "warring states policy" with Qin Wuyang hall before the color change vibration fear, the king of Qin panic also column, extremely said Jing Ke's bravery, but also in the end of the text to "things so not, is to want to rob of the life, must be about a contract to report to the Prince also. " As a pretext for Jing Ke's failure to stab the King of Qin to excuse, and Tao Yuanming pointed out that the original hero Jing Ke "sword skill sparse". Otherwise, Jing Ke holding the medicine quenching of the sharp dagger, chased to kill the king of Qin in full costume, and the king of Qin has been panicked and out of shape "absolute sleeve" "still column and go", Jing Ke surprisingly can not capture and kill, and finally lead the dagger to mention the king of Qin also failed to hit the king of Qin, but hit the column, you can be sure to know that Jing Ke This shows that Jing Ke's swordsmanship is really shallow. From this, we can speculate, before Jing Ke why to wait for a long time "far from home," the deep meaning of the visible Jing Ke is self-awareness, you can imagine, if Jing Ke this time in conjunction with a warrior proficient in swordplay to Xianyang, then how the history will be rewritten? And where is the regret that "the miracle is not yet accomplished"?