1. Fire is a natural phenomenon.
Taming fire is a friend of human beings, which brings light and warmth to human beings, as well as human civilization and social progress. But if the fire is out of control and leads to a fire, it will cause great losses to people's lives and property.
2. Many students are curious about fire and often play games with fire behind their teachers and parents' backs. Some burn paper and firewood, pile up waste tires and plastics in the wild, and strike matches, light candles, play matchsticks and burn hornets' nests in the dark.
But you know that every one of these games may cause a fire. Don't carry lighters, matches, firecrackers, etc.
If students are found playing with fire, they should stop immediately, and report to teachers and parents for criticism and education. 4. "Code of Conduct" for primary and secondary school students requires students not to smoke.
However, some students violate the regulations and often hide in corners, toilets and other places to smoke secretly. If they suddenly meet teachers or parents, they will throw cigarette butts away or hide them in their cuffs and pockets at will. If the unlit cigarette butts encounter something, they will easily cause a fire. There are red fire buttons on the walls of modern shopping malls, hotels and libraries, so students should never press them at will.
Fire hoses, water guns, buckets, fire extinguishers and shovels, picks, hooks and sandboxes specially used for fire fighting should not be moved at will. 6. The TV should keep a certain distance from the wall to facilitate ventilation and heat dissipation.
don't turn on the phone when no one is indoors. Turn off the phone in time after use and unplug it. 7. Use an electric iron to iron clothes. Put the iron on a refractory brick, slate and iron bracket.
don't turn on the power supply when unattended, and unplug it in time after use. 8. The refrigerator should keep a certain distance from the wall and objects on both sides to facilitate ventilation and heat dissipation.
9. Don't bake clothes, towels, etc. with light bulbs, and don't make a lampshade with paper. If the paper is burnt, it will cause a fire. Don't extend or pull the wires of electrical equipment casually.
especially, don't pull wires under furniture and carpets to prevent moving furniture or people from stepping on it to cause short circuit and fire. 11. When installing the stove, students should remind mom and dad that the stove should be installed at a certain distance from combustible materials such as beds, paper ceilings and wooden window frames. Brick stoves and earth stoves should be used in rural areas, and they should be far away from firewood.
12. Don't put waste paper, shavings and other flammable materials near the stove, and there should be someone to watch over the baking clothes. 13. Take out the slag and pour it in a safe place after it is completely extinguished. Pay special attention not to pour the slag with a red fire.
14. When starting a fire, don't use gasoline, kerosene and diesel oil to help, in case they burn violently and cause a fire. 15. Junior students should not use liquefied petroleum gas.
Senior students should follow the instructions of adults when they first learn to order gas stoves. 16. When cooking with gas, you should concentrate on guarding and adjust the gas volume at any time to prevent the soup from overflowing and dousing the flame, causing air leakage and danger.
17. The liquefied gas tank should be used upright away from the fire source, and it is not allowed to stand upside down and bake with fire. It is strictly forbidden to cross the gas and pour the residual liquid in the tank for other purposes.
also remind mom and dad to always check whether the rubber tube and switch of the liquefied gas stove are intact. 18. If liquefied petroleum gas leaks, turn off the fire immediately and check it carefully, and ask mom and dad to take care of themselves or call the gas station staff to repair it.
19. The campus is a place for knowledge and study, with a large number of people and concentration, especially in primary schools. Students are young and have poor self-protection ability. Once a fire breaks out, it will inevitably cause serious consequences. Therefore, special attention should be paid to not carrying matches, lighters, firecrackers and other kindling into the campus for fire prevention. 2. Some chemicals used in the experimental class are flammable, so the operation must be done according to the teacher's requirements.
Don't make drugs at will and violate the operating instructions. 21. During the general cleaning, some schools are used to burning leaves and garbage, which not only pollutes the environment, but also easily causes fires.
It is sanitary and safe to treat garbage by deep burying, which is worth learning and popularizing. 22. Do not carry matches, lighters, etc. when going out for activities, and do not carry any inflammable and explosive articles.
23. Generally, picnics are not organized when going out. It is really necessary, so we must choose the beach or an empty and safe place under the guidance of teachers or counselors. Also note that picnics should be stopped in windy weather.
after the picnic, be sure to put out the fire to prevent the "resurgence" from causing forest fires. 24. Go to the grave with your parents, and don't burn incense and paper.
cleaning the grave and offering a bunch of flowers can also express our grief for our loved ones. In case of fire, students must keep calm and do what they can.
in the initial stage of a fire, it is usually a small fire point, with a small burning area and little heat generated. At this time, as long as you cover it with sand, dry soil, soaked towels, cotton, sacks, etc., you can put out the initial fire.
26. If the fire is very fierce, spreading or likely to spread, don't try to put it out. You should immediately escape from the fire, call 119 and put out the fire through the fire brigade. When giving an alarm, make clear the fire unit, district (county), street, alley, house number or rural address.
explain what is on fire and how it is. Make clear the name, telephone number and address of the policeman.
27. After calling the police, arrange people to wait for the fire truck at the street crossing and guide the fire truck to the road of the fire. 28. Some students like to watch fire engines out of curiosity, which is not only harmful to the work of firefighters, but also to the safety of students.
29. Don't make random fire alarm calls. False fire alarm is an illegal act that disturbs public order and hinders public safety.
if you find someone falsely reporting a fire alarm, stop it. 3. In order to protect the legitimate rights and interests and life safety of young people, the state explicitly prohibits schools, government agencies and other social organizations from organizing primary and secondary school students to participate in fire fighting.
2. knowledge of fire prevention
1. basic concepts of fire prevention 1. the formation of fire requires the following three conditions: combustible, air and fire source, which cannot be formed without one fire. 2. asphyxiation (air isolation) is usually used for fire fighting. There are three types: cooling (lowering temperature) and demolition (removing combustible materials). Second, the types of fires can be divided into four categories according to the provisions of China's national standard (CB4968). 1. Ordinary fires (A): fires caused by solid substances such as wood, paper, cotton, cloth and plastic. 2. Oil fires (B): fires caused by pyrophoric liquids and solid grease objects. Such as gasoline, petroleum, kerosene, etc. 3. Gas fires (Class C): all fires caused by gas combustion and explosion are called gas fires, such as natural gas and coal gas. 4. Metal fires (Class D): all fires caused by potassium, sodium, magnesium, lithium and water-forbidden substances. 5. Electrical fires: all fires caused by electrical leakage and ignition are called electrical fires. There are two types: chemical foam and mechanical foam, in which chemical foam is used upside down and has been eliminated, while mechanical foam is used in the same way as powder fire extinguishing agent. Disadvantages: it causes pollution and cannot be used in class C fires. It should be checked every four months, and the chemicals should be replaced once a year. 2. The carbon dioxide fire extinguisher is suitable for class BC fires. Usage: a) Pull out the safety pin; b) Hold the horn nozzle and valve knob; C) When the handle is pressed down, it will be sprayed out by internal high pressure. Check every three months, and the weight will be reduced by two. Disadvantages: users are easily frostbitten. 3. Dry powder fire extinguishers are divided into ABC and BC dry powder, among which ABC fire is applicable. Usage: a) Pull out the safety pin; B) The nozzle tube faces the flame, and it can be ejected by pressing the valve handle. Check the pressure gauge (1.2Mpa) for three months. 4. Clear water fire extinguisher: it is most suitable for extinguishing Class A fires, but not for extinguishing other fires. Use the tapping method: first, put the clear water fire extinguisher upright, take off the protective cap, and tap the protruding head at the top of the opening bar with your palm, and the water will be ejected from the nozzle. 1. Whether the natural gas pipeline is damaged or leaked, the valve should be effectively closed and tightly closed after use. 2. The boiler room of the commercial restaurant, kitchen and bathroom requires the person in charge of the unit to designate a person to be responsible for safety inspection and maintenance. 3. The person in charge of fire in the internal engineering construction of the building must be designated to clarify the responsibility and scope during construction. 4. The dust and oil pollution in the kitchen should be cleaned frequently, and the chimney and fume ventilation pipe should be equipped with iron wire covers. 5. Firecrackers should be set off. To avoid fire. 6. Don't throw cigarette butts or smoke on the bed. 7. Anyone who illegally manages or uses hidden dangerous goods without permission should immediately notify the local fire department or public security organ. 8. Parents should not lock their children at home when they go out, so as to avoid being unable to escape in case of fire. 5. Common sense of electricity safety. 1. Fuse blowing is a warning of excessive electricity use, and it is not allowed to be thicker and thicker, so as not to fuse in time during short circuit, causing fire wires to catch fire. It is the easiest to be damaged, so attention should be paid to inspection and replacement. 3. Electric lamps should not be installed in the wardrobe to bake clothes. 4. Electric heaters should not be equipped with flammable items or close to clothes. 5. Electric water heaters should check whether their automatic adjustment devices are damaged, so as to avoid overheating and fire after explosion. 6. Dry powder fire extinguishers should be prepared near the switch of the electrical machine room and distribution station for fire prevention. 6. Smoke and smoke contain toxic gases such as fine carbon elements CO, CO: Its rising speed is 3.M-5.M per second, and its lateral diffusion is .5M-1.m. The smoke absorbs 4% of people, and it will cause shock and suffocation in two to three minutes. Most people who die in the fire are shocked and suffocated after absorbing toxic gases contained in the smoke. VII. Precautions for fire prevention of tall buildings 1. Safety doors or stairs and passages should be kept open and not closed at will. Locking or blocking. 2. The windows of buildings should not be equipped with anti-theft bars or billboards to block the way of escape. If the devices are equipped, escape exits should be reserved. 3. The platform on the roof of high-rise buildings is a temporary refuge place. Except for the reservoir and the gap observation platform, houses or other equipment cannot be built to avoid affecting the escape. 4. In areas where water is scarce or fire engines are difficult to rescue, fire-fighting equipment should be equipped or sufficient fire-fighting water should be provided. 8. Emergency measures should be taken during the earthquake. 1. Keep calm. First, turn off the gas and cut off the power switch. 2. Stay away from windows or furniture with glass. In case of emergency, you can hide under the bed or table and stand on the balcony. 3. Outdoors, seek open areas and stay away from vines, telephone poles, archways, etc. in the construction of high-rise buildings. 4. Indoor, don't rush out or take the elevator (the elevator may break down or power failure). You should seek your own safety first, and then escape after the earthquake. 5. It will cause the old, weak, women and children to be crushed or trampled to death. 6. If you are in the car, you should immediately brake and turn off the engine, put the car horizontally and quickly hide in a safe place. 9. Fire prevention, fire fighting and escape at home (1) Common knowledge related to fire prevention: 1. Avoid throwing cigarette butts. There are many combustible materials at home, so you should be especially alert to the fire caused by smoking. Throwing cigarette butts casually is a bad habit of many smokers. You should know that "a cigarette butt" It can destroy a building. "2. Avoid household appliances and wires" working with illness ".Household electricization has become popular. When using electric stoves, electric blankets, electric irons and heating equipment, it is necessary to check before using them and maintain them after using them, so as to avoid fire accidents caused by aging lines, disrepair, or frequent handling and breaking of wires. 3. Avoid setting off fireworks and firecrackers anywhere and at will. 4. Avoid carelessness in heating by fire. Combustible articles shall not be piled up around the stove; Don't bake clothes in steam pipes and heating equipment to avoid fire accidents. In addition, families can't decorate with combustible materials to avoid creating conditions for the spread of fire. 5. Don't burn garbage indiscriminately. It is not safe for families to burn garbage by themselves. You should know that garbage contains many flammable and explosive products, such as liquefied gas residue, glass bottles, firecrackers, waste liquid lighters, etc., which may explode once burned. Flames fly around. It is also easy to cause fire. 6. Avoid children playing with fire. 7. Avoid gas leakage. When using liquefied gas tanks or gas pipelines at home, you should have good ventilation conditions and check frequently. If you find gas leakage, don't turn on the lights, make phone calls, and don't use naked flames. You should open doors and windows at a constant speed to ventilate and eliminate fire hazards. 8. Don't prepare fire-fighting equipment. What you want to say is: "If you are not afraid of 1 thousand, you are afraid of one thousand."
3. Little knowledge about fire
Fire refers to the disaster caused by burning out of control in time and space. Among all kinds of disasters, fire is one of the main disasters that most frequently and universally threaten public safety and social development. Humans can use and control fire, which is an important symbol of civilization progress. Therefore, the history of human use of fire is accompanied by the history of fighting against fire. When people use fire, Constantly sum up the law of fire, and reduce the fire and its harm to human beings as much as possible. In the long history of human development, fire has burned out the history of eating animals and drinking blood; Fire has ignited the glory of modern society. As the legend says, fire is a "god" with dual personality. Fire brings civilization, progress, light and warmth to human beings. However, sometimes it is a friend of human beings and sometimes it is an enemy of human beings. If the fire is out of control, it will cause disaster to human beings. For fires, in ancient China, people summed up the old city of "prevention first, rescue second, and warning next" With the increasing social wealth, the danger of fire is also increasing, and the harmfulness of fire is becoming more and more serious. According to statistics, the average annual loss of fire in China in the 197s was less than 25 million yuan, and the average annual loss of fire in the 198s was less than 32 million yuan. In the 199s, especially since 1993, the direct property loss caused by fire rose to more than one billion yuan per year, with an average annual death of more than 2, people. Practice has proved that, With the development of society and economy, the importance of fire control becomes more and more prominent. "Preventing fire and reducing the harm of fire" is an overall summary of the significance of fire control legislation, including two meanings: first, do a good job in fire prevention to prevent fires; Second, it is impossible for a fire to never happen, but once a fire breaks out, it should be put out in time and effectively to reduce the harm of the fire. "Fire Classification" (GB/T 4968-released on November 4, 28 and implemented on May 1, 29) According to the types and combustion characteristics of combustible materials, It can be divided into six categories: A, B, C, D, E and F. Class A fire refers to the fire of solid substances. This substance usually has the nature of organic substances, and can generally produce scorching embers when burning, such as wood, coal, cotton, wool, hemp, paper and other fires. Class B fire refers to the fire of liquid or meltable solid substances, such as kerosene, diesel oil and crude oil. Fires such as methanol, ethanol, asphalt and paraffin wax. Class C fires refer to gas fires, such as coal gas, natural gas, methane, ethane, propane and hydrogen. Class D fires refer to metal fires, such as potassium, sodium, magnesium and aluminum-magnesium alloys. Class E fires refer to charged fires, fires in which objects burn with electricity. Class F fires refer to cooking objects in cooking utensils (such as animal and vegetable fats)