The wood has its roots and then give birth to a thousand branches and ten thousand leaves, the water has its source and then divided into the east and west schools.
Song Wei Zi eleventh century B.C. built the state, through the factory Western Zhou, Spring and Autumn, the Warring States period, to 286 B.C. was annexed by Qi, Wei, Chu, the establishment of the country up to nearly 800 years. Its early and middle period, the regime is relatively consolidated, economic and military power is relatively strong, and actively participated in the hegemony between the great powers, which had a significant impact in history. After the surname Niu arose, with the power of the Song state, its descendants continued to develop and grow, and continued to migrate outward. From then to now there are more than 2,700 years, the cattle surname descendants have been from the birthplace of the Song country north of the Yellow River, south of the Yangtze River, across the 10,000 miles, living in the nine states, and the transfer of broadcasting, to the world.
[Spring and Autumn and Warring States period to Sui and Tang dynasties] After the surname Niu was acquired, it developed in all directions with Song as the center. According to historical records, at least in the Spring and Autumn Period, the cattle have people left the State of Song, to other vassal states to do things and officials, such as the then State of Jin (today's northwest of Quwo, Shanxi Province), there are cattle talk, for Zhao Jenzi vassals, have the courage ". During the Warring States period, Zhao had the sage Niu Animal and the general Niu Jian; Qin had the great scholar Niu Jiu and the magnate Niu Shuang; and Chu had Niu Chen Chao and others.
To the Han Dynasty, the cattle developed to Gansu Province, Gansu Province, Longxi area (now Gansu Lintao), celebrities come out, there is the protection of Qiang lieutenant cattle Han, the main book ① cow Soun, cattle Han, cattle Soun's descendants prosperous, in Longxi soon formed a prestigious family. According to the Tang "Yuanhe Surname Compilation" records, Shang Tang, a family with the cattle as the clan, used to take the Longxi area as the center of reproduction.
From the "Tang book - lineage table", "Yuan and surname compilation" and other relevant information can be seen: cattle Chong Shijiu Longxi, cattle Han began to live in Longxi, and then migrated to stabilize, and then migrated to the goblet (today's Pingliang City, Gansu Province, Lingtai County), the Three Kingdoms, the son of General Niu Jin for the avoidance of disaster also fled to stabilize the cattle descendants, reproduction to the north and south dynasty to the sui and tang dynasties, can be divided into three branches. A for: Niu Xing (Niu Han grandchildren), Niu Zun, Niu Yuanliang ...... to Niu Su for Yuezhou assassins, Tang Kaiyuan twenty-eight years to Wyoming, great-grandfather, great-father are buried in Hanoi (present-day Qinyang City, Henan Province). The second branch is Niu Yuanding (Niu Jin's son)...... Liao Kui, Liao Yun to Niu Hong for the Sui Ministry of officialdom. Three branches for the cattle pass, cattle will, cattle Yi to cattle Xianke for the Tang Xuanzong prime minister. Can be seen in the Sui and Tang dynasties, the cattle surname from Longxi, Anding's center of reproduction has been sown to the capital Chang'an and many parts of the country.
①The main book: the ancient official name, responsible for the paperwork, seal, etc., the central, local counties have.
Tang and Song Dynasties to the end of Yuan and the beginning of Ming Dynasty
Since the Tang and Song Dynasties, due to the economic development, the two feudal dynasties had a longer period of stable political situation, so the population has been developed rapidly. The distribution of the Niu surname was also wider, and in many places in Shandong, Shanxi, Henan, Hebei, Shaanxi, Gansu, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui and other provinces, there were descendants of the Niu surname living in clans. Niu surname appeared a lot of historical ministers, poets, lyricists, etc., such as the late Tang Dynasty chancellor Niu Shengru, the Five Dynasties after Liang chancellor Niu Cunjie, lyricist Niu Peak, Niu Xiji and other famous figures.
The Yuan Dynasty is the development of the cattle surname a heyday, many of the cattle surname in the dynasty as an official, known as the "cattle Yuan half of the dynasty", meaning that nearly half of the dynasty's officials surnamed cattle, which is obviously an exaggeration of the words, but also from the side, the cattle surname in the development of the population of the period of the faster more officials. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, due to various reasons, there is a migration to five provinces and eighteen counties of the "pot of cattle", but also appeared "flat cattle", "whip cattle" and other migrants to separate the historical facts, which is both Cow family history of a tragedy, but also for the great development of the cow family name has brought another opportunity.
Legend has it that more than 600 years ago, there was a large family with the surname of Niu in Shili Village (then called Shili Ting Niu Zhanyuan Village) in the town of Bishui, Xingyang, Henan Province (ancient Bishui County). It is said that the family moved here from Hongdong, Shanxi Province at the end of the Yuan Dynasty. The elder was called Niu Chuan, a scholar of the Yuan Dynasty (1325), who served as the magistrate of Hongdong County. He had three sons named Niu Hong, Niu Yi, and Niu Chao, all of whom had been big officials in the Yuan Dynasty. Each of the three brothers had six children. Niu Hong's six children were called Kai, Bing, Lai, Hang, Jie and Quan; Niu Beneficial's six children were called Qing, Jian and Yu, Qin, Ying and Fort; Niu Chao's six children were called Peng, Zi, Yuan, Yi, Luan and Qian. The whole family cousins *** - eighteen people. Not only is the population large, and the family is large, as the saying goes, "famous eunuchs sends their names, everyone moved here, the financial bribes, the warehouse will be abundant." According to Jiyuan City, Nanguanzhuang "cattle genealogy of the old preface" records, there were "a hundred hectares of land, cattle, thousands of clubs", the family moved here to live, "joyful", and live in harmony.
Who expected that the good times would not last. In the late Yuan and early Ming dynasties, there were frequent wars and rebellions, and thieves were on the prowl. The area of Xingyang was also extremely volatile. According to the 18th year of the Daoguang period (1838), Xingyang Mugou village "cattle genealogy preface" records: at that time, "a door Jimei" of the eighteen brothers, encountered "the Red Army rebellion, the potential can not get together, and fear of the future of the evidence is not available, so will be divided into eighteen pieces of the food pot, the brothers each hold one of their own, casting friends and relatives and go. Therefore, at that time, it was called eighteen pots of cattle family, also known as the pot of cattle family". This is the origin of "playing pot cow". Jiyuan, Wenxian, Mixian, Gongxian, Linxian, as well as Shandong, Shanxi and other parts of the country, "eighteen pots of cattle family" descendants, the genealogy of the family tree are also largely made such a record.
According to legend, eighteen brothers and thieves fought for three days and three nights, knowing that it is difficult to live together again, forced to "carry pots and pans, holding a sharp knife", fled to other countries. Later, the Ming Dynasty regime, gradually consolidated, the world peace. Eighteen brothers in the oldest cattle Kai by the "Jiyuan back to Bishui County, brothers forget, exchange messages, choose a date in the city west of ten miles Pavilion", in the lunar calendar on October 19, in front of the cottage in ten miles Pavilion, build a high platform, held a grand recognition of the pot of kinship will be.
The eighteen brothers through the pair of pots will recognize their relatives, know that after the separation of the year, ran to the south bank of the Yellow River, the north bank of the Yellow River, "living in the Central State of the fourteen, living in the provinces of the four", to the provinces of: Niu Ying to Hebei Wanxian (now renamed as Shunping County), Niu Bao to Jiangsu xuyi county, Niu Qian to Guanxian County of Shandong Province, Niu Wing and returned to his hometown in Shanxi Province, Hongdong. Hongdong. "Brothers are unforgettable", so they agreed to meet on the day of the pair of pots every year. Do not want to go against their wishes, according to Jiyuan Nanguanzhuang "Niu genealogy of the old preface" records: "Subsequent children and grandchildren multiply, the county officials are afraid of trouble, because of the fraudulent call for the White Lotus Sect, the brothers are afraid, do not dare to get together again, began to book genealogy, the state and city of government and county, the exact description of the book, each with a copy, in order to show the coming of the Xu." This formed a rare ancient and modern family history of the "eighteen ancestors relocation address song":
Kai Jiyuan, C Luoyang, came in the Goodyear Luyi, Jieju Zhengzhou ground, Ambrose in Xihua Township. After the six ancestor Hong master children and grandchildren remember to forget.
Qing Xiangfu , Jianlin County, Yuju Mi County Yingju finish, Qinju Xiayi land, Fort in Xuyi County. After the Sixth Patriarch Benefactor, the children and grandchildren will remember the heart (Xiangfu is now Kaifeng).
Peng Wenyi, Zi Yanling, garden living Shangcai wing Hongdong, Luanzhuang Taikang South, moved in Guanxian East. Sixth ancestor super master after the children and grandchildren to remember the heart.
(The above bold letters are the names of the eighteen brothers, and the words with horizontal bars are the relocation address.)
This relocation address song, hit the pot of cattle from generation to generation, most of the children and grandchildren can memorize this song in detail, and some places also take the ancestors of the pot piece is also compiled into a song, left to the children and grandchildren. For example, Jiyuan Kaizu's descendant's "pot piece song" reads, "The top has a side, the bottom has a tip, six inches long, eight inches wide, weighing one catty two money three." (See Jiyuan Shilutou "Niu Family Tree"). All this has become a strong bond of acquaintance, recognition and mutual solidarity among the clansmen, and has greatly increased the cohesion among them.
This address song shows that the Niu Clan had already moved to five provinces and eighteen counties, from Bishui to the Central Plains and to the whole country. Rarely did these eighteen brothers give birth to a hundred sons. So that the family quickly prospered, the hundred descendants, each with a name, home, where, where to move to, most of the genealogy has a clear record. The following three examples, a brief description:
l, cattle Kai a, six sons
eldest son of cattle Xiang descendants are mainly distributed in Xingyang, Gongyi, Wuzhi, Yanshi and other places. The second son Niu Lin descendants are mainly distributed in Xingyang, Gongyi, Jiyuan, Yuanyang, Tanghe, Shandong Heze, Shaanxi Baoji, Fujian, Hunan, Yunnan, Xinjiang and other places. The descendants of the third son, Niu Chun, are mainly distributed in Xin'an County, Yuanshan on the south bank of the Yellow River and other places. The descendants of the fourth son, Niu Chen, are mainly distributed in Jiyuan, Qinyang and other places. The descendants of the fifth son Niu Guang were mainly distributed in Jiyuan and other places. The descendants of the sixth son, Niu Jing, may have gone to the area of Tanghe.
2, Niu C a, four sons
Eldest son Niu Shui Cai descendants are mainly distributed in Luoyang, Luoning, Yanshi and other places. Second son cattle Guicai descendants are mainly distributed in Yichuan, Yiyang, Yanshi, Dengfeng, Luanchuan and other places. Third son of cattle Kun color descendants are mainly distributed in Luoyang, Yiyang and other places. Four sons of cattle painted color descendants are mainly distributed in Mengjin, Wenxian, Xin'an, Shaanxi County, Baofeng, Nanyang and other places.
3, Niu Peng a, four sons
Eldest son Niu Dequan descendants are mainly distributed in Wenxian and other places. The second son Niu Demao descendants are mainly distributed in Meng County and other places. The third son of the cow get material offspring mainly distributed in qinyang and other places. The descendants of the fourth son, Niu Delin, were mainly distributed in Gongyi and other places.
The above lists three of the eighteen brothers in the offspring of the broadcasting of the general situation, see its one spot, slightly know the whole picture. It can be seen, hit the pot cattle descendants, branches and leaves, family prosperity, has been reproduced into a large family all over the world, the large family, to "hit the pot" as a special sign, gathering a very strong affinity and cohesion.
Ming and Qing Dynasties to the modern period
This is the cattle surname population gradually to the south, to the border, to teach the development of the period.
The end of the Ming and early Qing dynasties, there are people with the surname Niu migrated to Taiwan, after the middle of the Qing dynasty, there are people with the surname Niu went overseas to make a living, there are overseas Chinese living in Singapore, Malaysia, the Philippines. The Kuomintang left the mainland retreat to Taiwan, there are some cattle population went to Taiwan. 1979 around the time, some of the cattle to Taiwan, the initiative of the personnel of the cattle surname set up a "cattle clan association". 1982 in the cattle to Taiwan under the auspices of Fang Fang and other members of the same family, respectfully repaired the "cattle eighteen pots and pans branch family genealogy," for Taiwan, Southeast Asia and other parts of the cattle surnames The children and grandchildren have made a positive contribution to the search for their ancestors.
The Chinese people *** and the establishment of the country more than 50 years, with the improvement of China's international status, more than a lot of cattle descendants to overseas business, education, business, scientific research ...... some people have become world famous, such as the United States now living in the famous biologist Niu Manjiang, is the people of Hebei. It can be said that the children and grandchildren of the cow surname with the national people of all ethnic groups, not only in the origin of the strong, picking the construction of their hometowns, but also a lot of people out of their homes, to the world, for the construction of the motherland, for the development of mankind to make their due contribution.