[Abstract]
●10,533 underage crime suspects in Zhejiang Province in 2003, the highest number in the past ten years, accounting for 22.02% of the total number of juvenile suspects and 10.62% of the total number of suspects;
●The growth rate of crimes committed by minors is slightly lower than that of the entire society The rate of growth of juvenile crime is slightly lower than the rate of growth of crime in society as a whole;
●The crimes committed by underage people are becoming more and more prominent; the proportion of juvenile crime suspects under the age of 13 in the total number of juvenile crime suspects arrested in the period of January-August 2003 and in the period of January-August 1998 were 12.80% and 11.11%, respectively, an increase of 1.71%;
●The proportion of crimes committed by schoolchildren (mostly junior high schoolchildren) is relatively high; the proportion of crimes committed by schoolchildren is relatively low. Over the past 10 years, the proportion of school students committing crimes has accounted for more than 40 percent of the total number of crimes committed by minors. in 1999, elementary and middle school students who committed crimes accounted for 87.78 percent of all students who committed crimes in that year;
● some legal education and publicity have been reduced to a mere formality, with only 20 percent of the lessons on legal education being considered by students to be highly impressive;
● the proportion of drop-outs in the juvenile delinquency crimes of recent years has been close to 60 percent;
● Almost all students in juvenile shelters have had unpleasant experiences in their former schools;
● Crippled and unhappy families combined account for more than 68 percent of juvenile crime suspects in custody.
Wang Haihua (Provincial Public Security Department) and Luo Wei (Provincial Department of Culture) of the Provincial Juvenile Crime Research Association, on the basis of a serious investigation into the current situation of juvenile crime in the province from 1994-2003, pointed out that the phenomenon of juvenile delinquency and crime in Zhejiang Province at present is still relatively prominent, and that the healthy growth of minors has become a social problem that needs to be paid attention to and improved urgently.
I, 10 years the province's juvenile crime situation
Zhejiang juvenile crime is with the development of the whole society crime and change.?
1, the absolute number of crimes is undulating growth trend. Survey and statistics show that from 1994 to 2003 10 years, the province as a whole the number of social crime is a continuous growth and serious trend, the number of crimes committed by minors also grows. 1994, all the suspects were 75,360 people, in 2003 for 99,213 people, an increase of 31.65%. In these years, the number of crimes committed by minors under the age of 17 in the province has been increasing and decreasing, and has always been in a constant fluctuation, but the overall trend of the absolute number of crimes has shown an increasing trend. the number of suspected minors (under the age of 17) who committed crimes in 1994 was 9,000, and in 2003, it increased to 10,533, which is an increase of 17.03%.
2, the minor crime rate basically maintains a relatively stable proportion, the growth of juvenile crime is slightly lower than the growth trend of crime in society as a whole. 1994-2003, juvenile crime in zhejiang province basically fluctuates between 9.5% and 12%, and in 1996, 2001 " In 1996 and 2001, during the "Strike" period, there was a slight downward trend.
Year Total number of suspects Total number of minor suspects Minors accounted for all crimes % Minors accounted for juvenile crimes % Junior high school students accounted for juvenile crimes %
1994 75360 9000 11.94 20.63 42.01
1995 80076 8906 11.12 19.57 41.07
1996 73055 7663 10.49 19.08 42.35
1997 68529 7381 10.77 20.37 41.78
1998 72698 8332 11.46 21.94 39.97
1999 78327 8420 10.75 20.45 33.09
2000 87711 8303 9.47 19.00 35.98
2001 103173 9811 9.51↑ 19.65↑ 33.74
2002 87120 10476 12.02↑ 22.36↑ 32.53
2003 99213 10533 10.62↓ 22.02↑ 27.69
The characteristics and development trend of juvenile delinquency in Zhejiang Province
1, juvenile delinquency is becoming more and more prominent at a younger age. Some experts pointed out that the average developmental age of the urban population born in the 1980s in China has been advanced by 3 years, and in some cases by 5 years, which makes it easy for minors to do things that are more drastic and in conflict with social stability and development. The proportion of suspects under 17 years of age to the total number of juvenile suspects in the province has risen from 19% in 2000 all the way up to 22.02% in 2003, an increase of 3.02 percentage points and an absolute increase of 2,230 (see table above). Comparing underage criminal suspects under the age of 13 apprehended in January-August 2003 with those apprehended in January-August 1998, as a proportion of all underage criminal suspects apprehended, the proportion was 11.11% in 1998 and 12.80% in 2003, an increase of 1.71 percentage points. It can be seen that there has been a marked increase in the number of underage crimes committed at a lower age. For example, in 2001, Lishui destroyed a criminal gang of more than 20 minors, the youngest age of 13 years old, the oldest 17 years old, theft alone committed more than 70 times, worth more than 60,000 yuan. 2003, the province's underage schoolchildren committed 3,492 crimes, of which 1,250 were under 14 years old, accounting for 35.80%.
2, school students (mainly junior high school students) a higher proportion of crime. According to the statistics of these 10 years, the proportion of school students committing crimes accounted for more than 40% of the total number of crimes committed by minors, especially the elementary school and junior high school student groups are the most worrisome (see the above table). in 1999, primary and secondary school students committing crimes accounted for 87.78% of all students committing crimes, and 37.70% of the total number of suspects of crimes committed by minors in the year. the proportion declined slightly in 2003, but it also accounted for 27.69% of the total number of suspects of crimes committed by minors in that year. In 2003, the proportion dropped slightly, but also accounted for 27.69% of the total number of minor criminal suspects in that year.
3. Gangs of minors and recidivism are more prominent.
4. The means of committing crimes are adultized, intelligentized and technologized.
5, foreign minors, especially minors of Xinjiang nationality are prominent in crime. Xinjiang minors commit crimes in the main age group of 10-14 years old, they have become adult Xinjiang suspects use the tool of crime. Some have been repatriated and returned to Zhejiang, with the highest number of arrests amounting to five. Zhoushan has become the hardest-hit area for crimes committed by minors of Xinjiang nationality.
Three, the causes of juvenile delinquency analysis
1, the influence of social adverse environment is prominent. The survey shows that minors who committed crimes due to the influence of social environmental factors accounted for about 1/3 of the total. ①The influence of social bad customs. ② the influence of unhealthy factors in the communication media. For example, in this survey, more than half of the students reflect the campus around the video spot broadcasting unhealthy films, bookstalls have unhealthy pocket books, cartoon books and video discs for rent. In addition, 40% of the students often surf the Internet and visit Internet cafes. Some unscrupulous owners try to lure students into indulging in these activities in order to make a profit. In our province, there have been cases of minors robbing Internet cafes because they owed money to them. (iii) There is a weak link in the legal protection of society. In particular, the Law on the Protection of Minors and the Law on the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency, which are directly related to the prevention of juvenile delinquency, have not been publicized and implemented enough. In the survey, 30% of the people reflected that they had not received legal education in this regard, and 50% of them could not tell the general content of these two laws. Some legal education is a mere formality, with only 20 per cent of students reflecting that they have been impressed by legal education classes. At the same time, there is a serious shortage of cultural venues suited to the characteristics of minors, and an acute shortage of social and cultural venues.
2. Weaknesses in school education. The survey shows that because of the weakness of the school education leads to juvenile delinquency accounted for 20%. Some schools are one-sidedly pursuing the rate of advancement, the poorer grades and have a slight disadvantage of students do not care enough to educate, especially on the dropouts, the loss of students management control is not strong. Among the minors who have broken the law and committed crimes in recent years, the proportion of dropouts has been increasing, approaching 60 per cent. The reason they drop out is that they are bored with school and find it uninteresting to study, which also reflects the shortcomings and problems of current school education. According to surveys, almost all students in juvenile shelters have had unpleasant experiences in their former schools. A survey of some schools showed that the teacher and student communication is not strengthened, not enough emotional exchange, students are aggrieved to take the initiative to find a teacher to reflect only 9.25%, and the teacher's feelings of resistance accounted for 20%.
3, the influence of the family environment can not be ignored. Crippled family and not harmonious family on the formation of healthy psychology of minors bring serious impact. According to statistics, juvenile criminal suspects in custody in the crippled family accounted for about 30%, often quarrels and fights at home in the unholy family accounted for more than 38%, accounting for a total of more than 68%. Poor family economic situation and improper family education methods are also associated with the emergence of juvenile delinquency.
4. The minors' own factors determine their weak sense of self-control and psychological immaturity. ①Distorted outlook on life leads to crime. ②The weak sense of morality and legal system leads to crime. The desire to pursue material enjoyment leads to crime. Psychological imbalance leads to crime. Minors often contact and feel positive education, but childish psychology is more fragile, unstable, once encountered adverse obstacles or stimuli will be easy to imbalance, mutation and lead to crime. In particular, some minors, whose parents are divorced and have lost their warmth and love, and whose living conditions are reversed, often feel lonely and desperately need to seek new dependence, and if they are slightly co-opted by undesirable elements in society, they will step into the ship of thieves. There are also students who face the trend of losing love, teaching and control in their families, which is worrying.
Four, preventing and reducing juvenile delinquency measures
1, to strengthen the law as the basic content of legal education. At present, there is no systematic legal knowledge class in primary and secondary education, and it is often conducted incidentally with the ideology and moral character class, and the form is boring, and it is difficult to arouse the interest of students. It is therefore recommended that the legal system department, in conjunction with the work, youth, women's and young people's committees, schools and other relevant organizations, prepare easy-to-understand teaching materials on the legal system that are suitable for minors, and include legal education as a mandatory subject in the school's teaching plan. It is recommended that primary and secondary schools hire police officers to serve as extracurricular counsellors for legal education, and organize legal lectures at the appropriate time, using cases around them to explain the relevant legal knowledge in accordance with the characteristics of minors, who are predominantly visual thinkers. To organize the minors themselves to participate in crime investigation, to explore the causes of crime, to participate in the out-of-control juvenile help, in the open legal education and practice to improve the complex social phenomena of the ability to discern and their own immunity.
2. Playing the role of the front line of family education and improving the quality of family education. Parents, as the first teacher of minors' life, must pay attention to their own image and strengthen the ideological cultivation. Family education should pay attention to the art of education and improve the quality of education. To put an end to domestic violence and abandon the simple and rough methods of education.
3, play the role of the main position of school education, the full implementation of quality education. To fundamentally correct the guiding ideology of the school, adhere to the nurturing-oriented, especially for poor students to pour love, do not casually dismissed. To further strengthen the contact with the family, together with parents to carry out detailed ideological education, to solve practical problems, not only to the students are responsible for, but also responsible for the community. To purify the campus environment, teachers should be disciplined, do not bring some incorrect ideas in society to the classroom; to instill in children the correct outlook on life, values, morals, and strengthen the political and ideological education, to establish a new socialist trend.
4, play the role of the basic position of social and cultural education. Purify the social environment, give full play to the advantages of cultural work, strengthen the ideological and moral construction of minors, and guide young people with correct public opinion. Advocating reading good books, watching good movies, talking about the spirit of dedication, vigorously publicize the advanced people and heroes, etc., so that young people to establish a correct outlook on life, values and morals.
Strengthen the construction of cultural positions for minors. Such as in the group art museum, cultural halls, cultural centers to open up cultural activities for minors; widely carry out square, community, family and township cultural activities for minors, and vigorously strengthen the construction of campus culture; the cinema line can consider the establishment of the Ministry of Film and Television Education for young people; further mobilize the rural social forces, and establish more and better rural children's cultural parks; and further strengthen the literary and artistic creation of minors' themes, and vigorously support and actively carry out the "Youth Culture" and "Youth Culture" projects. Support and actively carry out activities such as the "Eagle Project Miles", which sends outstanding children's plays to performances; encourage public *** libraries at all levels, museums, memorial halls, art galleries and so on to actively make use of the Internet to set up web sites and columns serving minors; strengthen cultural market management; and guide the construction of a number of non-business Internet access service venues to provide minors with healthy, beneficial and green services. , to provide minors with healthy and beneficial green Internet space.?
5. Strengthening the management of minors' mobility. To change the dynamic situation management for the static situation management, the flow of minors, separate types, targeted education, control, to prevent crime. For example, the school should take the lead in picking up and returning to the school to continue their studies; for idle minors, they should be dealt with by the labour and public security departments of the place of domicile and the place of arrival, and those who are child labourers should be dismissed from their jobs and returned to their hometowns; for delinquent juvenile delinquents, members of the juvenile delinquent community should be sentenced to probation as far as possible in accordance with the facts and the implementation of schooling and employment; and for minors who are in places of reform through labor and in reform through labor and juvenile reformatories and other places of execution, they should be followed up and helped to teach them without interruption
6. Strengthening legislative and practical research on juvenile delinquency. To study and predict the 21st century China's juvenile crime trends, laws and types of characteristics, such as violent crime, intelligent crime, low-age crime. At the same time, the reform of China's juvenile justice system should be further intensified to solve the problems of unsystematicity and irregularity in the investigation, interrogation, defense, trial and execution of juvenile crime cases.
(Society Division collated to provide)
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