Ximujia is part of the Yi tribes branch after an ancestor, according to the "Southwest Yi Zhi": part of the Yi ancestor Ximujia from the area west of the Dadu River, from the upper reaches of the Minjiang River along the river, moved into the Chengdu Plain. Yi Jing "Cuan Congwen carved - Ancient History", "Atsumu flow source" and other records of the ancient Yi ancestors Atsumu in Zhaotong, "Loni Mountain" before and after the six ancestral branches of the history, from the ancient Xia and Shang dynasty, from the Ximuzi to Atsumu there are thirty-one generations of Yi people living in Shu (about in the third century BC to the seventeenth century BC), and re-establish the The ancient state of Shu", where they "raised sacrifices, set up rules and regulations," and established a slave state, and later some Yi people regarded "Shimuzha" as their ancestor; while some said that "Fu Xi (Fuxi)" was the founder of the Yi people, and some said that "Fu Xi (Fuxi) was the founder of the Yi people. Fuxi (Taihao)" is the founder of the Yi; some say "Silkworm" is the founder of the Yi; some say "Duyu (Wangdi)" is the founder of the Yi; of course, the "Fuxi (Taihao)" is the founder of the Yi. Fuxi (Taihao)", "Silkworm" and "Duyu (Wangdi)" are all earlier than "Shimuzha". The "Ancient Kingdom of Shu" is said to have existed before "Shimukappu". According to legend, "Ancient Kingdom of Shu" was built by the Yellow Emperor's (Regulus) son, "Silkworm". Regulus married a woman from the Shushan clan and raised Silkworm to build the Ancient Kingdom of Shu! In the ancient state of shu the order of shu king from the beginning respectively for "silkworm bush" pass "ber irrigation", jin chang qu's "huayang guo zhi", six dynasty "wen xuan - shudu fugu", the song dynasty "tai ping yu expanse" are all cloud shu "the second king is said ber irrigation ". The only one recorded in the Book of the King of Shu is called "Do Suh" (柏濩). In the Art and Culture Classification Gathering, it is said, "The first king of Shu was Silkworm Cong, and the second king was Boyong," replacing "Do Suh" with "Boyong". "Bo irrigation" pass "fish mallard", "fish mallard" after the "Du Yu (Wang Di)", it can be known that the Yi since the "Fuxi (Tai Hao)" came!
Zhi Ge Aru is the Yi mythological hero (equivalent to Houyi as powerful), with magical powers, riding a horse called Smudu Duan by the eagle into a flying horse, to the heavenly prison to save his mother. Along the way, he did harm to the people, eliminated demons and monsters, conquered poisonous snakes and fierce beasts, and tamed thunder and lightning. At that time, there were six suns and seven moons in the sky, and Zhig Aru shot down five suns and six moons with his divine bow and immortal arrows, leaving only one sun and one moon for the people to live a happy life.
"Shimuzha" statue inauguration ceremony on the day of the torch plaza as a starting point, led by three masters of Bhima 100 red cloth people, 96 Bhima, 32 handfuls of Tej, 12 people composed of the bullhorn team, 30 people of the trumpet, 20 people of the oboe team, and 50 people jumping team, 50 people of the wine team, 20 people Yueqin team, at the altar of the solar calendar, the sacred altar of the Sun. The team, in the solar calendar altar for the ceremony, by the master of the Bi Mo to the fire altar to take fire, the master of the Bi Mo carries the torch, through the ZhiGe Aru national heroes square, the sun bridge, the nine palace, the moon bridge, to the Shimozha culture square inauguration ceremony.
It is understood that the image design of Himuchai statue based on existing literature and unearthed artifacts and other reductions in the image of the Yi ancestors, statue clothing, jewelry is everywhere full of Yi cultural characteristics. Statue construction **** lasted 150 days, a total investment of 87.06 million yuan.
Fire - Shimojia - Zhig Aru - by the completion of the Shimojia statue and think of the exhaustion and then le!
Shimuzhai statue in Liupanshui City, Guizhou Province, Shui Cheng County, Haiping inaugurated.
Yi compatriots dressed to celebrate the inauguration of the statue of Shimuzhai trace Yi dance song Shishu:
(a)
Yi Torch Festival:
Fire in the heart of the Yi compatriots is sacred, they believe that the fire is the continuation of the sun, symbolizing bravery and strength, passion and light. According to legend, when the Yi ancestors hunted in the primitive forest, because there was no fire, the hungry and cold ancestors could only gather in a circle or hug each other to warm themselves against the cold and darkness. In order to bring light to human beings, an ancestor known as Mudeng drilled on an ancient wood for three days and three nights, and finally obtained fire. With fire, the Yi ancestors have since left the barbaric era of drinking blood, and Muteng is also honored as the fire god by the Yi ancestors. Every year, the Yi compatriots will hold a sacred worship of the God of Fire, to relive the process of the ancestor Wooden Deng's fire, and then to take the fire one by one to each household, in order to pray for the blessing of the God of Fire to the village peace and prosperity, and the multiplication of the children.
In Shui Cheng this piece of hot land full of vitality, living in 17 ethnic groups, including the Yi population of 113,000 people, accounting for 13.7% of the county's total population, according to the Yi literature, Yi activities in Shui Cheng County, the history of more than 4,000 years, the Yi people are the earliest development of this piece of land is one of the ethnic groups, from the Xia and Shang dynasties, "Luyi country" to the Spring and Autumn period before the "Luyi country". From "Luyi's country" in the Xia and Shang Dynasties to the A Dai Qiu Department before the Spring and Autumn Period, the civilization history of the Yi people has become a wonderful chapter of Chinese civilization.
Since the beginning of the Han and Tang dynasties, the torch festival has become one of the most important symbols of the historical and cultural connotations of the Yi people, and has been inherited for thousands of years. For thousands of years, the people of the Yi ethnic group have used fire to send their love and pursuit of a better life. During the festival, young men and women of all ethnic groups sing, dance, horse racing, bullfighting and wrestling; or hold a grand bonfire party and revel all night long. Now, people also take advantage of the opportunity to gather and socialize or lovers meet, and carry out trade activities in the festival.
The origin of the Torch Festival is said to be different: one theory is that the gods and warriors on the ground struggle, the Yi people with torches to help the warriors to exterminate insects to defeat the gods. Another theory is that Pi Luo Ge, the leader of the Southern Zhao, attempted to annex the other five dao, will be five dao called to Song Ming building, they will be killed in one fell swoop. Deng Fine's wife Charity dissuaded her husband from going there, Deng Fine did not listen to his wife's advice and was killed. Charity committed suicide after getting the news, and the descendants lighted torches to offer condolences. In fact, the real meaning of the torch festival is the performance of the Yi people to memorialize their ancestor "Suiren's"! "Suiren's" is the Chinese fire inventor, and the Yi people since ancient times and is a very worship "fire" one of the peoples, but also the earliest implementation of "cremation" one of the peoples!
In Shui Cheng, according to the Yi literature, "the origin of the Yi people" records, in a long time ago, the Yi people are a hard-working people, year after year harvest, but the king of heaven Geng Zi is not willing to see everyone's happy life, so he sent down the Hercules to destroy the crops, the Yi people are very angry, and the Hercules fought for three days and three nights. Hercules defeated, annoyed, put down the locusts to eat all the crops, Yi family members have the bright idea, each person handheld a fire to burn all the locusts, from this day every year on June 24 this day has become the Yi family lit torches, in addition to the evil evil, *** celebrating the harvest of the traditional festival.
(B) "handful of Taiji" is a precious "living fossil" of Chinese theater:
"handful of Taiji" is known as "the ancestral play of mankind", "the living fossil of Chinese theater". The ancestral theater of mankind", "the beginning of man, the beginning of the play, the source of Yi". Today, the Yi "撮泰吉" with its unique art form, tenacious vitality, from the Weining Autonomous County board the bottom of the township toms shoes outlet village to the Yi villages around the country, to the world ......
In the early 1980s, the "handful of Taiji" was discovered and excavated, has been more than 30 years. During this time, a variety of research results on the "handful of Taiji" quite a lot, rich in content, can be described as a hundred flowers blossom, a hundred schools of thought. 2006 May 20, "handful of Taiji" was included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage protection list.
"National is the world!" The "handful of taiji" has the uniqueness and originality of the Yi nationality. The main content of the "handful of Taiji" is to teach the Yi people's knowledge of production and life to future generations and save the labor experience gained by their ancestors, the performance of the primitive people in the process of long-term labor gradually transformed from apes to the real record of human beings, is to emulate the process of the evolution of ancient mankind in the historical sense of the "scenario reproduced! "It is a historical reproduction of the evolutionary process of ancient man, which surprisingly coincides with the scientific definition of "labor transforms man from ape to man".
More than 30 years have passed, but the community's love for the "handful of Taj" is still the same, and can even be said that the "handful of Taj" has been an unprecedented development. But a variety of "creative" interpretation and development and utilization of the mud, good and bad coexist, have to be worried. What kind of development will a native Yi classical opera be heading for? Can it be honored on the cornerstone of respect for tradition and the laws of art? And will the "sword go sideways", and ultimately blackmail? This article from the Yi "handful of Taiji" protection and inheritance of some of the relevant issues to talk about a little personal opinion.
What is the meaning of the "handful of Tadji"?
"Handful of Taiji" is the phonetic translation of the Yi language, "handful" is "people", "Tai" is "evolution", "Tai" is "evolution", "Tai" is "evolution", "Tai" is "evolution", "Tai" is "evolution", "Tai" is "evolution", "Tai" is "evolution". "evolution", "change", "Ji" is "play", "game", "performance". "play", "game", "performance". From the content of the whole show, "撮泰吉" should be translated as "human change (evolution) of the game", referred to as "change of human theater". The performance time is from the third to the fifteenth day of the first month of the lunar calendar of the Spring Festival every year, and its content includes: rituals, farming, unicorn dance, sweeping Mars four parts.
"Handful of Taiji" performance line describes the image and living conditions of "Handful of Tai" at that time is: "Ao Na Ju Ja, handful of handful of Ma Thao, handful of Ni Luo Thao, Nuo Baldi, Hazhe early, the province of Mengzou Mou group, Zhou Tuyi Muo, the province of Tu Zimu Muo, the province of Nu Zimu Muo. Yimu Liao, Province Tu Tzuim Suo, Xie Du Poke Suo Du, Xie Ju Poke Suo Ju." Translated as "Ancient straight-eyed man, looks like a man, looks like a beast, long monkey face, born rat teeth, wild fruits as food, dewdrops as water to drink, leaves as clothing, human beings are so produced, human beings are so born".
"Southwest Yi Zhi", "Creation", "Evolution of Heaven and Earth": "Ancient human beings, people and beasts follow each other, human beings look like apes and monkeys, eat wild fruits, wear leaves." The "Cham" is a creation epic of the Yi people that tells the origin of everything. Its unique imagination divides the development of prehistoric mankind into "Lada" (one-eyed man), "Latou" (straight-eyed (longitudinal) man), "Lavin " (cross-eyed man). A great deal of space is devoted to reflecting the excesses of the first two eras to the third, showing a historical picture scroll of the development of prehistoric society. Sichuan Liangshan Yi ancient book "Le Otei" also describes the characteristics of ancient human beings: "Ancient human beings, although they look like human beings, their calls sound like monkey sounds, they wear leaves as clothes, eat wild fruits as food, and they have eyes that don't look at the road. ......" Engels had once recognized the anthropologist Louis Louis Lavin's "The Family-Private Property and the Origin of the State" in the book Engels had affirmed anthropologist Louis Henry Morgan's division of human prehistory into "the age of ignorance, the age of barbarism, and the age of civilization". According to Engels' affirmation, we can regard the record of the ancient Yi book "Cham" as the one-eyed man named "Lada" representing the "Age of Obscurity" of mankind, and the straight-eyed (longitudinal-eyed) man named "Latao" representing the "Age of Civilization" of mankind. (longitudinal eyes) represented the "barbaric era" of mankind, while the cross-eyed man named "Lavin" represented the beginning of the "civilized era" of mankind. The portrayal of ancient mankind in ancient Yi texts such as "Cham" and the image of the "handful of Taiji" portrayed by the "handful of Taiji" are completely consistent, combining the records of the ancient Yi texts and the rough masks and hard walking steps of the "handful of Taiji". Combined with the records of ancient Yi texts and the rough masks, the difficult pace of the "handful of Taiji", as well as the use of vocal cords to pronounce sounds and ape-like cries, the "handful of Taiji" should represent the life of human beings who came down from the trees to the ground and were practicing the period of upright walking, i.e., from the "Straight-eyed (longitudinal-eyed) Man" to the "Horizontal-eyed Man". "Horizontal-eyed people" over the stage, "handful of Tadji" is the image of primitive man in the early stages of human development.
When did the "handful of taiji" come into being?
When and where did the "handful of taiji" come into being? There is no exact record in the ancient records of the Yi language. At that time, the Yi ancestors did not know other human beings besides themselves, and it was impossible for other ethnic groups to record the creation of Yi "撮泰吉". However, according to Mr. Tian Zhengzhao, a senior Bumo from Longchang Township, Weining Autonomous County, in the past, the "handful of taiji" was used in the rituals of large-scale funeral rites "Suzai" activities of the Yi people. My father also said that when he was a child, when he went to a family's house in Xinguanzhai, Panji Township, he participated in the "handful of taiji" performance as the actor of A'an (a child). From the description of the primitive people in the ancient Yi book "Real Matchmaker Nuomo Gift", combined with the two old men's statement that there was a "handful of taiji" performance in the activity of Yi "Suzai", and that the first part of the "handful of taiji" was a sacrifice, we can see that the two old men had participated in the "handful of taiji" performance in a family in Xinguanzhai, Bandi Township. The first part of the content is the sacrifice to see, "handful of Taiji" as the Yi ancient part of the implementation of the matchmaker period of funeral and sacrificial activities is a product can be established, and therefore can be deduced that "handful of Taiji" and the Yi sacrificial activities are closely related. According to the ancient records of the Yi language, the development of human beings has gone through the process of "Ai Nai" (ancient times), "Ni Neng" [Fuxi (Tai Hao) era], "Matchmaker", "Mi Mi" and "Miu". "Miwu", "Juyu", and "Liuzu" eras. The Ai Nai 90th generation was the matriarchal period, followed by the emergence of the Ninang tribe, and the real matchmakers followed.
The cultural influence of the Yi people is far-reaching, in the ShuiCheng Yushe Yi Torch Festival site, Ximu Chai statue and the national hero ZhiGe Aru (equivalent to the legend of Houyi) statue far away from each other.
The Yi people are the heaviest worship of ancestral spirits. The custom of "Naim" is the concrete embodiment and epitome of "ancestor worship" in the religious activities of the Yi people, which is regarded as the top priority of the religious activities of the branch, and it is the highest level of sacrificial rituals of the Yi people as well as an important pillar of the religious activities of the Yi people and their clans. ......
2019.03.09