Keywords: Fuzhou, Guangchang, Meng Opera Dance
I. The Origin of Meng Opera Dance and the Main Representative Schools
(1) The Origin of Meng Opera Dance
Guangchang Meng Opera Dance is a kind of folk opera to serve as a worship of the gods and ancestor worship, which is prevalent in the area of Ganzhu Town of Guangchang in Jiangxi Province, which is the two kinds of scripts: "Meng Jiangnian Delivering the Cold Clothes" by Zeng's Family of Chixi Village and "Great Wall Memoirs" by Liu's Family of Mainland Village. scripts collectively [1]. The Meng opera dance originated in the Ming Dynasty period and has a history of more than 500 years. The Meng opera dance was adapted by the people of the Zeng family in Chixi Village into a special opera based on some local mythological stories, and the opera was called "Meng opera dance". In 1996, approved by Jiangxi Provincial Department of Culture, "Meng opera dance" was also known as xuhe opera. Meng opera dance is usually performed in the first month of every year, mainly for worshipping gods and ancestors and other folk activities. The masks worn by the actors during the performance are locally known as "Sanyuan God Statues". There were many different versions of the Meng opera dance, but with the passage of time there are only two well-preserved ones, the Zengjia Meng opera dance and the Liujia Meng opera dance, and before that there was the Shexi Meng opera dance, but it was lost in the 1960s.
(2) The main representative genres--Zengjia Mengju Dance and Liujia Mengju Dance
The main genres of Guangchang Mengju Dance are Zengjia Mengju Dance and Liujia Mengju Dance, which are both related and different, such as their scripts, and the form of their performances, rehearsals and inheritance have similarities and differences. similarities and differences. The most important Meng opera dance is the Zeng family's Meng opera dance, which is the main part of the whole script. The script of the Zeng family's Meng opera dance is well preserved and rich in content. As the script is very long, it takes a lot of time to perform the whole script. The local people divided it into many performances, and the play*** was divided into 64 performances, while the script of the Liu Family Meng Opera Dance originated a little later than that of the Zeng Family Meng Opera Dance, which belonged to the Ming Dynasty. Its entire script is much longer, of which *** is divided into 69 scenes, and it takes at least 10 hours to perform the whole drama, *** spending 4 days to finish it. Secondly, in the form of performance through the investigation is not difficult to find, the two have more similarity, such as are on the stage to put some tables and chairs as props, there are some homemade special props used to imitate the scene. In terms of actors, they also have requirements, the performance of the actors must be made up, wear a good costume in order to perform on stage.
Second, Meng opera dance dance dance art features
Guangzhou Meng opera dance in Ganzhu area popular, mainly as a form of local worship of ancestors performances, its voice and its performance art has been inherited from the same lineage, from generation to generation, during the period of no one to deliberately modify, and so far it still retains its artistic characteristics and unique artistic style. In the process of Guangchang Meng opera dance performance, the local customs have become the basic elements of Guangchang Meng opera dance, and these elements are then combined with the lifestyle of Guangchang people - women's laboring physique - walking with small steps, slightly squatting knees, and swaying hips under the long skirts. The combination of these elements with the lifestyle of the people of Guangchang - women's laboring physique - walking with small steps, knees in a slight half-squat, hips swaying from side to side under the long skirt, etc., forms a distinctive feature of the folk dance, i.e., the lower body stays in a half-squat state, and every joint of the body and arms is bent, so that the various parts of the body are organized into a beautiful dance shape.
From the point of view of its performance form, the content expressed in the dance is subtle and moving, the emotion is more delicate, and the movement is rich in a certain sense of sculpture, such as lifting the wrist palm upwards in the hand, tucking the leg next to the hooked foot in the foot, bending the knees, lifting and pressing the wrists, swinging the crotch, the waist in the S-shape, and following the body's rhythmic changes in the head movement, etc., and this kind of representative characteristic of the movement form, revealing the This kind of representative characteristic of the rhythmic form reveals the natural physique of Meng Jiangnu in Meng Opera Dance. All these fully embodies the unique characteristics of Meng opera dance, with graceful dance posture to show the delicate emotions that want to express, with the way of dance to let the world understand the people of Fuzhou, feel the wisdom of the people of Fuzhou and the higher aesthetic ability.
Three, Meng opera dance development status and protection of thinking
(A) Meng opera dance development status
Guangzhou Meng opera dance has a long history, has a unique artistic value and sociological value, to the Chinese folk opera research and development provides valuable materials. It was only in the early 1960s that the government slowly began to understand the Meng opera dance and carry out excavation. At that time, the government had summoned local people who knew the Meng opera dance and some researchers to carry out in-depth discussions and put forward relevant measures for protection and development, and due to the influence of the environment of the era, the atmosphere of learning Meng opera dance was quite good, and there were people who constantly participated in and learned the Meng opera dance. The government has given great support to the development of Mengju Dance, providing funds to promote its development.
(2) Problems faced
Today's development of Mon Opera Dance is very unsatisfactory, with a series of problems and great challenges. In this society of the 21st century, the pressure of economic competition is very great, the local young people all go out to work, Meng opera dance is of no interest to the young people, they are all pursuing trendy things, pursuing the trend art of the times, and they are not interested in folk art at all. Therefore, almost no local young people are willing to learn Meng opera dance, not to mention those who know it. Moreover, the way of inheritance of Meng opera dance of Zeng family is quite conservative and feudal, passing on male but not female, and also not passing on foreign surnames, which hinders the inheritance development of Meng opera dance even more.
(3) How to Inherit and Protect the Meng Opera Dance
In order to inherit the Meng Opera Dance well, we should put aside the feudalism and set up a new concept, so that the local people feel that learning the Meng Opera Dance is a kind of pride, and then it is to make more efforts to publicize the Meng Opera Dance and to increase the people's interest in learning the Meng Opera Dance, so that everyone can learn the Meng Opera Dance. The government should make more efforts to publicize Mengju Dance and send professionals to give guidance so that everyone can experience the artistic charm of Mengju Dance, thus attracting more people who love and learn Mengju Dance. Secondly, the script is the foundation of the whole Meng opera dance, so it is required to make more efforts to protect the script of the Meng opera dance intact and not to let the script be damaged in any way. All relevant information of the script should be rearranged and reorganized by professionals. Finally, the government must give rescue and protection measures. A special fund should be set up to provide support to ease the economic pressure on local artists and to promote the expansion of the scope of Meng opera dance inheritance and increase the number of people. In addition, a special protection mechanism should be set up to implement more standardized protection measures for Meng opera dance. Increase efforts to do a good job of Meng opera dance related publicity work, calling on people from all walks of life to pay attention to Meng opera dance, to join Meng opera dance and protect Meng opera dance. So that the Meng opera dance can usher in the spring of its development!