Xin Qiji (辛弃疾)
Drunkenly picking out lamps to look at the swords, and dreaming of blowing the horns of the battalions again.
The eight-hundred-mile division of the flag is hot, the fifty strings are turned over to the sound of the outside world, and the soldiers are counted in the fall on the sand field.
The horse is like the Lu flying fast, the bow is like the thunderbolt string.
To finish the world affairs of the king, to win the fame after life. Pitifully, the White Happens!
Translation:
In a drunken dream, I lit an oil lamp to watch the sword, and when I woke up, I heard the bugles of the army camp blaring.
Distribute the beef to your men for a good meal, and let the musical instruments play majestic military music to boost your morale.
It was the fall parade on the battlefield.
The warhorses ran like the Lu, and the bows and arrows shook off the strings like thunder.
Complete the king's great work of unifying the country and achieve a beautiful name that will be passed down from generation to generation.
Pity has become a gray-haired man!
Notes:
①Broken Formation: the name of the lyric. The title is "For Jinyan Tongfu to give strong words to send".
②Pick (tiǎo) lamp: pick the wick of an oil lamp to make it bright.
3 dream back: waking up. Lianying: connecting pieces of military camps.
④八百里：指牛。 In ancient times, there was a steer named "eight hundred li bò". In ancient times, it referred to the flag of an army. Zhì: roasted meat.
⑤五十弦：Anciently, there was a kind of thurible with fifty strings. The word refers to all kinds of musical instruments used in military music ensembles.
⑤Fifty strings: an ancient kind of thurible with fifty strings. The sound of the outside world, reflecting the music of the border conquests.
6 Dí Lu: a kind of fast horse. According to a legend, Liu Bei was chased by people in the Three Kingdoms period, and he crossed the river with a leap of three feet on his diru, thus escaping from danger.
⑦Pī lì (thunderbolt): a strong thunderbolt with a loud sound.
8 (liǎo)却：完成。 The world's affairs: refers to the recovery of the Central Plains.
Appreciation:
This is a poem sent by Xin Qiji to Chen Liang. Chen Liang was a patriot who insisted on fighting against the Jin Dynasty all his life, and he was a good friend of Xin Qiji in politics and academics. He was a political and academic friend of Xin Qiji. He was an unpopular scholar and died in the following year after he had passed the Scholarship in his fifties. Both of them were the same figure who was rejected and combated by the ruling group of the Southern Song Dynasty. In the fifteenth year of the Song dynasty, Chen Liang and Xin Qiji discussed their plans for restoration at the Goose Lake in Jiangxi Province, but their plans were all in vain. This lyric may have been written before or after this date.
The whole poem is about life in the army, which can also be said to be about life in the imaginary anti-Jin army. The first piece describes the magnificent scene of the army counting on the sand field on an autumn morning. The first two sentences write about the night and dawn in the barracks, and the sentence "looking at the sword while drunkenly picking a lamp" has three meanings: "looking at the sword" expresses ambition, "picking a lamp" points out the time, and "picking a lamp while drunkenly picking a lamp to look at the sword" is to write that "I remember not forgetting to serve my country. The second sentence "Dreaming of blowing the sword back" has three layers of meaning. The second sentence "dream back to blowing horns even camp", write dawn when I woke up to hear the various military camps one after another sounding the sound of majestic horns. The previous sentence is to see, this sentence is to hear. The next three sentences write about the soldiers' banquet, entertainment life and military parade, the realm of the word is gradually extended and expanded. "Eight hundred miles of roasted beef under the banner" means roasted beef under the banner. The word "banner" is a military flag. The meaning of the whole sentence is: the soldiers share the roasted beef under the military flag. The phrase "Fifty Stringed Threads Turning the Sound of the Seaside" refers to various musical instruments playing a majestic and sad military song. In ancient times, there were fifty strings on the serpent. Li Shangyin's poem: "There are fifty strings on the brocade serpent." The word "fifty strings" in this poem refers to all kinds of musical instruments that play together. "Turning" refers to playing. The word "seiwai sound" refers to the majestic and sorrowful military song.
The next piece of writing into the battle of the thrilling scene: "horse for the Lu flying fast", "Lu", the name of the steed. According to legend, Liu Bei in the Three Kingdoms in Jingzhou in distress, the Lu horse carries him a leap of three feet, crossing the Tanxi ("Three Kingdoms Zhi-First Lord biography" cited in the "Shishu"). The word "作" is interpreted as "如". "The bow is like thunderbolt and the strings are shocked" is a metaphor for the sound of the bowstring when shooting arrows, which is like a thunderbolt. The two lines of "the king's world affairs" depict the general's cheerful look when he won the battle and accomplished the great task. The phrase "the world's affairs" refers to the recovery of the Central Plains. Recovering the Central Plains is not only the king's business, but also a matter of great concern to the people. The last sentence of the conclusion, but turned to the Southern Song Dynasty ruling group under the suppression of the recovery of the motherland's ambition can not be realized grief and indignation. This twist, so that all the wishes written above become fantasies, all out of the question.
The title of this song is "Strong Words", and the first nine lines can indeed be called strong words, but the last line makes the feelings of the whole song change, making the whole song become sad rather than majestic. The first nine lines are cheerful and majestic. The last sentence shows the great contradiction between reality and ideal, and the disillusionment of ideal in real life. This is the grief and indignation of Xin Qiji's life and political stature, and likewise the grief and indignation of Chen Liang.
Xin Qiji is known as the patriarch of the Song lyrics of the school of boldness and exuberance. There are two aspects of the artistic style expressed in this lyric: one is the majestic content and emotion, and its tone and color are completely different from the works of the Euphemism school. The second is the strange change in the structure and layout of his lyrics. The general word is divided into pieces of work, most of the upper and lower pieces of the scene and lyric respectively, the word according to the genealogy should be in the "sand in the fall" sentence divided into pieces. But this piece of lyric but the two pieces of content closely linked together, over the change is unchanged (over the change is the beginning of the second piece). According to its literary meaning, the first nine lines of the lyric have one meaning, and the last line of "poor white occurrence" has another meaning. The whole lyric comes to a big twist at the end, and a twist that is the end, the writing is very robust and powerful. The first nine lines about the military appearance and ambition are words of imagination. The last sentence is the reality, with the last sentence to negate the previous nine sentences, with the last five words to negate the previous dozens of words. The first nine lines are written in a sound and unrestrained manner, which is to aggravate the feeling of disappointment in the last five words. Such a structure is rare not only in Song lyrics, but also in ancient poems. This kind of artistic technique also shows the bold style of Xin's words and his original spirit. However, Xin Qiji's use of this artistic technique was not a deliberate attempt to show off his skills and pursue novelty, but an expression that was closely related to his life feelings and political encounters. Because of the difficulty in realizing his ambition to recover, his heart is full of feelings, so he naturally breaks the formal conventions, which is not what writers who only pay attention to the literary form can do
Appreciation of the second:
Xin Qiji, when he was 20 years old, took part in the anti-Jin Dynasty uprising in his hometown of Likua (present-day Jinan, Shandong Province). After the failure of the uprising, he returned to the Southern Song Dynasty and became the governor of many places. He stabilized people's livelihood, trained the army, and strongly advocated the recovery of the Central Plains, but he was rejected. Later, he was not appointed for a long time and lived in idleness for nearly twenty years. This poem expresses his dream and lifelong ideal of resisting the enemy and saving the country, and the sadness and indignation of not being able to fulfill his ambition.
The first part of the word, the writer is living at home in the mood of bitterness, can only drink to drown his sorrows; however, it is in the late-night drunkenness, but also time and time again, dialing the lamp, a long time to scrutinize the sword that had accompanied his own battle to kill the enemy, eager to go back to the front line to wield the Northern Expedition. The author went into his dream with such thoughts and desires. He felt that the day had already dawned, and a loud and majestic trumpet sounded in the continuous barracks. He rewarded the generals with large pieces of roast beef to share; the military band played high-pitched and stirring battle songs of the border to cheer and strengthen the troops. On the battlefield, where the autumn winds were blowing, he inspected the troops and horses, ready to go out to war.
The second part of the word, followed by the description of the magnificent battle and the victory of the end: the generals on horseback galloped, as fast as the "Lu", the wind and lightning; pulled open the strong bow of 10,000 arrows, loud as the "thunderbolt", thrilling. The enemy collapsed and failed completely. He led the generals finally completed the recovery of the Central Plains, the great cause of the unification of the motherland, and won the immortal reputation of life and death. Here, we see the image of a loyal and brave general with high spirit and grand ambitions, who "swallowed ten thousand miles like a tiger with his jingo and iron horse"! However, at the end of the word, the author let out a long sigh: "Pity the white occurrence!" From the emotional peak fell down. It turned out that the magnificent and grand military appearance, the battle, and the glorious victory, the thousand years of fame, but it is all a dream. In fact, under the suppression of the ruling group of Gouan selling the country, the author has no way to serve the country, and the years are wasted. "Poor white occurrence", contains how many difficult to tell the depression, anxiety, pain and anger ah!
From the whole word, the magnificent and the sad, the ideal and the reality, form a strong contrast. The author can only look at the sword in a drunken stupor, gallop and kill the enemy in his dream, and utter a lament when he wakes up. This is a personal tragedy, but also a national tragedy. And the author's loyal anger, no matter in the waking or in the drunkenness, in the dream can not be forgotten, is his high and deep patriotic feelings, dedication to the vivid embodiment of the will.
Appreciation three:
Drunkenly picking a lamp to look at the sword, dreaming of blowing the horns back to the camp. The battlefield is a place where the troops are counted in the fall of the year. The soldiers will be counted in the fall on the sand field. Horses are as fast as Dalu, and bows are like thunderbolt strings. The king of the world affairs, to win the life after the name, poor white happened!
Author: Xin Qiji (1140-1207), courtesy name You'an, number Jiaxuan. He was a famous patriotic lyricist of the Southern Song Dynasty. Xin Qiji's life to fight against the Jin Dynasty, by the powers that be hate, was removed from office to live in Jiangxi with Lake. Friends of Chen Liang (word with Fu) to the lake to visit Xin Qiji, they talked freely, **** discuss the anti-Jinbei plan. After parting, they gave each other a gift and expressed their feelings. The "Broken Formation Zi" is a word sent by Xin Qiji to Chen Liang to express his strong feelings. The words recalled the magnificent fighting life of the former insurgent army, expressed the ambition to kill the enemy to serve the country and recover the Central Plains, and also expressed the sadness and indignation that there was no way to serve the country and it was difficult to fulfill the ambition.
The first line, "Drunkenly picking lamps to look at swords," is a portrayal of the reality of drunkenness. Xin Qiji was relegated to live in idleness, chest depression, the only way to drink to dispel the sorrows, do not feel drunk. However, after the drunkenness, he did not forget the recovery of the cause, so he dialed the light, and looked at the sword that once accompanied him in the killing field. "Pick the light" means the oil lamp dial light, the word is very appropriate, both pointing out that "look at the sword" time is the night, but also extremely detailed outline of the words carefully scrutinize the sword's demeanor, thus showing the words in the sword in the shadow of the kill the enemy to serve the country's urgent desire. Although the opening sentence is "drunkenness" description, but the drunkenness in the hands of the sword, containing the killing machine, for the whole piece set a majestic tone.
From "dreaming of blowing the horns back to the camp" to "winning the name of life before and after" describes the dream state. The word "dream back" is a clear description of the matter. In his dream, he went back to the barracks life of those years, with the loud bugles ringing in his ears. When he was 21 years old, he had organized 2,000 people to join the anti-Jin army of peasant leader Geng Jing, and constantly attacked the rear of the Jin soldiers, which made a great noise. After the failure, he led 10,000 people to cross the Huai River and run to the Southern Song Dynasty． Nearly thirty years, the words of the South Song Dynasty, the dream is to be able to command ten million soldiers to ride the frontiers, and build a career.
"Eight hundred miles under the banner of the scorching, fifty strings over the sound of the plug" is to write the full preparation before the war. The meaning of these two lines is: before going to war, the warriors happily shared the roasted beef, and the army camp played a majestic war song. Sufficient sustenance ensured the generals' high morale, and the majestic sounds of the Seychelles inspired the generals' fighting spirit to win the war. Although the war has not yet begun, but the lyricist has already expressed the confidence of the chest, invincible.
"The sand field autumn pointing troops" heralds the beginning of the fierce battle. Only five words, the majestic lineup depicted vividly. The fluttering battle flag, a burst of bugle call, a team of men and horses charging into battle, a handful of shining swords and spears, all of which constitute a solemn, murderous picture, showing the invulnerable determination of the generals and soldiers.
"Horses as fast as the Lu flying, bow as thunderbolt string alarm" describes the thrilling and intense battle scene. It is like a close-up, so that we seem to see the Lu horse in the battlefield galloping like lightning, the righteous army and the enemy to start a fierce battle, bow and arrow sound like thunderbolt boom. "Lu" is the name of a good horse, and later often refers to a good horse that is brave and good at fighting. The "bow" and "horse" refer to the soldiers who were highly skilled in martial arts and killed the enemy to serve the country. These two sentences with two metaphors vividly depicted the intensity of the battle scene, and further portrayed the heroic image of the charge, valor, is a true reflection of the lyricist's early years of combat life.
"The king's world affairs, to win the name of the world before life" describes the joy after the completion of the great work, expressing the ideals of the hero. The meaning of these two lines is to serve the motherland and recover the Central Plains in life, and to leave behind a reputation for achievement after death. The words are filled with the ideal of loyalty to the king and the country, which makes the feelings of the words rise to the extreme.
The final sentence, "Pity the white occurrence," is a steep turn of phrase, making the feelings of the words suddenly fall from high to low. The ideal of the lyricist is to recover the Central Plains, but the reality is that the powers-that-be have settled in the south of the Yangtze River. The lyricist can only let out a long sigh of sadness and indignation, spitting out the feeling that it is difficult to fulfill one's ambition. This sentence and the first sentence "drunkenly picking lamps to look at the sword" correspond to the description of the reality, and with the dream in the middle of the contrast, revealing the contradiction between the ideal and the reality, and thus more favorable expression of the lyricist's ambition is difficult to pay off the grief.
The tone of the lyric is bold and lofty, the atmosphere is magnificent, and the artistic achievement is extremely high. First, the idea is progressive. The whole word according to "drunkenness - dream - reality" layout, organized. In the dream, it shows the various situations of "pre-war preparation, military ordering on the battlefield, charging into battle and achieving fame", which vividly depicts the whole process of a patriot galloping on the battlefield. Ring interlocking, layer by layer, so as to appreciate the author's pen freely and chapter and verse rigorous characteristics. Second, the structure is strange and skillful. Two-tone words are generally the first piece of scenery, the next piece of lyric. This lyric breaks this format, the first and last two sentences correspond to each other, describing the reality, the middle of the eight sentences in one fell swoop, describing the dream, the dream recalls the past, bold and impassioned, the reality of the ambition is difficult to pay, grief and anger, the contrast between the two is sharp, deepening the theme. This peculiar and ingenious structure and content work seamlessly together, showing the spirit of artistic originality of Xin Qiji.
Author:
Xin Qiji (1140-1207) was a lyricist of the Southern Song Dynasty. His original name was Tanfu, but he changed his name to You'an, alias Jiaxuan Jushi. He was a native of Licheng (in present-day Jinan, Shandong Province). Xin Qiji is a lyricist who has had a great influence in the history of literature. At that time, there was a large number of bold lyricists who mainly wrote patriotic thoughts with Xin Qiji as the core. It is an indelible historical achievement for Xin Qiji to expand the content of words and develop the artistic expression of words. However, at the same time, while expanding the style of bold words, in the world of words and produced to screaming and angry instead of image of the adverse trend of thinking.
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