Ganzi County is located in the northwestern part of Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, upstream of the Yalong River. It is located at longitude 99°08′-100°25′ east and latitude 31°24′-32°54′ north. "Ganzi" is the name of the temple, meaning white and beautiful place, with 1300 years of establishment history, because the fifth 0 disciple Huo-trulgyi Angwong Phuntsok founded the first Gelugpa temple here and named. Up and down the millennium, throughout the ancient and modern, Ganzi get "time," embracing "geographical advantage", the mountains and rivers, heroes and heroes. Inside the connection with Kangding, Chengdu, outside the connection with Qinghai, Tibet, Gansu, as a transportation hub in the north of Kham, has always been a collection of merchants, business is booming, can be used as a center of economic and trade in the north of Kham. Ganzi vast, fertile land, sprawling pastures, water and grass, rich harvest, sheep and horses, known as the "Pearl of the Snowy Land".
"Ganz" Tibetan is white and beautiful meaning. The natural scenery there is beautiful, Liangge Mountain, Bayan Erla Mountain, Gola Wolf Mountain, Shaluli Mountain towering around, Yalong River like a green ribbon slowly flowing through the vast fertile fields. Here is a beautiful scenery, according to legend is the lotus master in Tibet, one of the 24 sacred mountain of milk dragon sacred mountain and full of mysterious color Zarizhongkang sacred mountain, there is a good place for adventure tourism Zachu River, there is a vast and sprawling, pastoral mellifluous datongma grassland scenery.
Ganzi is a place of great talent. For thousands of years, generations living and reproducing in this land of hard-working and courageous Tibetan people, with their amazing wisdom, extraordinary creativity has written a brilliant, brilliant, worthy of the entire Tibetan nation proud and proud of the history. Simple and solemn Ganzi Temple, Dajin Temple, Degongpo, Donggu Temple and other 43 ancient temples and monasteries for Ganzi this piece of brilliant pearl more colorful; five sects of Tibetan Buddhism, unique style of temple architecture, folk architecture, as well as Tibetan paintings, handicrafts, folk dance, literature and art, especially the world-famous Ganzi tap Ganzi laid down a heavy cultural heritage, Ganzi is called the cultural Ganzi is called the capital of culture.
Ganzi is full of talents and stars. There are legendary stories and ancient relics of Gesar. That piece of ancient and magical land has given birth to the Karma Kagyu sect founder Dusong Qinba, advocating the construction of Hall thirteen temples of Drepung Monastery Drepung Phuntsok, the famous patriot Ngawang Gyatso, the famous religious patriot fifth Geddafar -, and composed - the commander-in-chief and the fifth Geddafar - between the "military love people, the people embracing the military" of the ancient anthems. Ganzi County also gave birth to General Yang Shixi, the first Tibetan general cultivated by New China, and nurtured Dr. Geler, the first Tibetan doctor.
The local customs
Jueanqinba, meaning "fifteen offerings", also known as "ghee flowers". It is to ghee as raw material, to figures, flowers, birds, beasts, trees and other people and things as the theme of a superb handmade oil sculpture art, has a long history. According to legend, more than 1,300 years ago, when Princess Wencheng, the daughter of Tang Emperor Li Shimin, was married to Songtsen Gampo, the thirty-second generation of the Tubo Zanpou, the Tibetan people, in order to pay their respects, offered a bouquet of ghee flowers in front of a twelve-year-old statue of the Buddha brought by Princess Wencheng from the capital city of Chang'an, which has been a custom of the Tibetan people ever since. Ghee flowers in the early stage to the lotus flower, the subject matter is relatively single, later, this custom to the major temples, ghee flowers of the subject matter and process has been a new development, into the Tibetan region of the major temples unique to a high level of oil sculpture art.
Ganzi County butterflake production in the Tibetan region can be said to be a unique incandescent, the production process is exquisite, exquisite, realistic image of the creature, the expression of a variety of forms, involving characters, flowers, Buddha, trees, birds, animals and so on, and pay attention to the content of the renovation year after year, with a variety of modeling to form a variety of storylines, artistry, enjoyment, storytelling, fun as a whole, is known as the Tibetan region a great one.
Annual Spring Festival a month before the production of ghee flower artists will be pure ghee rubbed with various colors of dyes, began to make ghee flowers, to the first month of each year - the fifteenth day of the Festival of Lights, the artists will be carefully made ghee flower in the temple in front of the courtyard of the great hall of scripture on display, once a year, to become a grand event. Because of these ghee flower shape vivid, realistic, novel pattern, colorful, loved by the people of all ethnic groups.
Tibetan opera is a comprehensive form of performance in which the Tibetan people express literary content and real life in the form of songs and dances, which is formed on the soil of different arts such as Tibetan religious ceremonies and rewarding the gods and jiaojiao, folk songs and dances, and rap performances.
I, the germ of Tibetan opera, embryonic, revival and popularization process
According to Tibetan historical data, before the establishment of the Tubo dynasty, the earliest primitive religion appeared in Tibet ---- dumb wave religion. In terms of its content, it is a belief in all things divine. The activities are mainly through the sorcerer as the incarnation of the gods, is the intermediate media to communicate the relationship between the people and the gods. Through dancing, the shamans make the spirits bestow blessings on all beings and avoid calamities. In this way, various rituals such as sacrifices, prayers, and wizardry are performed to pray to the gods, and the shamans naturally become the dancers of the Bumpo religion who perform religious ceremonies and divination prayers. With the advance of society and the development of religion, has entered slavery Tibetan folk art continues to be developed and perfected, such as with the dance combined with the "Lu" body folk songs and the Bumpo religion "shaking drums and making noise" religious sacrifices to the gods of the law dance "Witch Dance "The "Qiangm" has been developed, changed and formed to entertain the gods and drive away ghosts, and to avoid calamities and welcome good luck. In short, "qiangm" is in Tibet primitive religion "stupid wave" praying for celebration of God, shaking drums for the sound of the sorcerer's rituals on the basis of the absorption of folk dance evolved from the religious dance.
The eighth-century Tubo dynasty's Zangpo Chisong Dezan (718 -----785 AD) sent a minister to Afghanistan to welcome the monk Master Lotus Sang to Tibet to promote Buddhism, in the year of the earth goat (779 AD), in the south of the mountain to build the first Tibetan Buddhist temple ----- Sangye Monastery. After Master Lianhuasheng came to Tibet, he vigorously promoted Buddhism and tried his best to integrate Buddhism and Bunpo, combining Buddhist teachings and Bunpo teachings of sorcerers praying for god rituals as well as earth wind dances according to the stories of Buddhist scriptures, and adapting them into a new form of Tibetan Buddhist dance of sacrifice to the gods. Although this religious dance has a strong Buddhist ritual, it is a vivid manifestation of the thoughts, feelings and wishes of the hundreds of sexes at that time, and it is the first representative form of Tibetan folk songs, dances and folk performances. In the biography of Lotus Sheng, it is recorded that "after the completion of the translation of the sutra by the translator (Lotus Sheng) in the Sangye Monastery Ci Thi Chau, the elders held the translation of the sutra and circled around the temple for three weeks, lined up in rows and rows, put on a false face, beat the drums and danced, and opened up for the translation of the classics." After that, this ritual was inherited, forming the so-called "Jumping God" held in Tibetan temples now. The Tibetan history "Ba Xie" recorded; "Tubo Zangpo Chisong De building Sangye Monastery, Master Lotus Sheng for the subduing of the evil spirits of the track rituals, the first application of a kind of dance". This is the beginning of the Tibetan dance "Qiangm". The form and content of these dances are described in Dz. Sangji Gyatso's Tibetan medicine book "Yashe" has recorded; "in the Sangye Monastery inauguration ceremony, the subjects carry out 'Zhuo', 'Lu', 'Xie' and so on. cultural activities. 'Zhuo' is a masked drum dance; 'Lu' is singing but not dancing; 'Xie' is both singing and dancing." At this time, all the actors were monks, and the performances were sometimes accompanied by chanting, which formed a new form of mime dancing and praying to the Buddha.
In the Tibetan history of the Sakya lineage history recorded: "- wood dog years (1034) years, Zhuodi (now near the Sakya Temple in Tibet) has a large temple fair, to watch, a hundred skills in the acrobatics, there are many sorcerers, from the female twenty-eight people, wearing masks, holding weapons, and another long braided female drums, followed by dance, to the wonders of ....... " That is to say, in the eleventh century to the religious worship of the gods in the art form of dance, mixed with a hundred acrobatic acrobatics and other content, but also formally appeared in the male and female dance scene, and appeared since the female, sorcerers and other images of the theater characters. This further shows that "Qiangm" has developed from a purely religious ceremony into an art form that both winks at the gods and entertains people, and is closer to secularization.
In the 14th century, the Kagyu monk Tangdong Jiebo (1385----1464, a legendary figure in the folklore of the latter Tibetan region) was a reformer and innovator of Tibetan opera, who introduced religious rituals such as Qiangm from the temples to the people. Tangdong Jampo was determined to work for the benefit of all beings, and aspired to build wire bridges across the rivers in the snowy region. For the construction of wire bridge fund-raising, he absorbed the folk art performance forms around the time, and invited the poor knot County, Shannan, a family called the white pull the family of seven sisters who can sing and dance to form a performance team, two dressed as a hunter, two dressed as a prince, two dressed as a fairy, a person playing the cymbals, Tang Dong Jiebo personally choreographed the program, the design of the cantata lyrics, the use of the temple activities of the dancing God dance form, in order to interspersed with the Buddha! "Bunsen" stories and folklore as the content, choreographed with a simple storyline of the song and dance drama, to the villages and alleys to sell their art to raise funds, and to teach and educate the living beings. The seven sisters of the "Bindon Sherpa" is the earliest white mask faction of Tibetan opera, which makes the past more simple jumping dance "Qiangm" gradually dramatized, in the mime melodramatic dance began to appear in the said and sung. As the means of performance continued to be strengthened, this new form of artistic performance was gradually separated from the religious rituals, forming the prototype of Tibetan theater art. This reform conformed to the current affairs and was generally welcomed by the common people, thus making the reformed form of artistic performance more widely popular, and completely realized the Tibetan opera from the monastery to the folk, and made it become a kind of song and dance art of the secularization of the Tibetan area.
The Fifth 0 Ngawang. Lodrang Gyatso established Gandan chapter (then the Tibetan local authorities), unified Tibet, Ladakh region had sent a song and dance team to Lhasa to congratulate, that dance, pleasant music, make 0 as intoxicated, they selected twelve, three-year-old boy (small zaba) sent to Ladakh region to learn song and dance. Fifth 0 in Beijing to see the Qing Emperor Shunzhi, often attended banquets, swimming optimistic theater, from the Han theater arts and court songs and dances were inspired by certain. After returning to Tibet, the Fifth 0, on the basis of the Tibetan folk opera, enriched and perfected the content and expression of the Tibetan opera, making the Tibetan opera a performing art independent of religious activities and various folk arts, with a whole set of unique performance forms of the Tibetan people. In order to professionalize the Tibetan opera performance, the fifth 0 separated the actors from the monasteries, became full-time artists, and formed the first professional Tibetan opera troupe in the history of the West ---- Jyogi Mulong. At the same time, the artists used to sing the book from the narrative body developed into a spokesman for the body, which formed the performance of the later seen "footnotes". And make Tibetan opera performance in the front and back of Tibetan area and shannan development after popularization, all over the professional troupes such as spring has appeared. According to Tibetan history records, at that time each year to participate in the Kasha organization of the Snowdon festival dedication troupes up to twelve, thus forming the early Tibetan opera of the white, blue masks of the two schools.
The types and origin of Ganzi Tibetan opera
Ganzi County has been known as the "hometown of song and dance", and "if you can talk, you can sing, and if you can walk, you can dance" is a true portrayal of the people of Ganzi who are good at singing and dancing, and the performances of Tibetan opera are very popular in Ganzi. Very popular. At present, the Tibetan opera in the county can be divided into Qiangmu, A Sister Ram, Xie, Xiazhuo and so on, briefly described later; 1. Qiangmu: meaning temple jumping god. It is a product of the combination of religious consciousness and folk dance, originating from the ritual dance of the early Tibetan Bumpo religion, and the Qiangm of the Ganzi sects was introduced from Tibet around the eighth to ninth centuries AD. The time and number of jumping god according to the specific situation of each temple, the place is generally in the square in front of the main hall in the temple, is a kind of dance art with strict procedures, no matter mentioning the combination of movements, or changes in formation, each temple has a certain normative program, through the dance teacher who is responsible for the dance training, according to the instructions of the jumping god dance sheet and their own teachings and pass them down from generation to generation. Musical instruments include drums, cymbals, trombones, conchs, bells, suona, etc. Drumming is the most important part of the dance. Drumming is the most important rhythmic instruction in the dance, and the content of the dance can be roughly divided into the Dance of Exorcising Evil and Sacrificing Disasters, the Dance of Blessing, the Dance of Bestowing Fortunes and Eliminating Disasters, the Dance of Entertaining the Gods through Rituals and the Dance of Birds and Fairy Animals, and so on. 2. Concord: It is also called "string". In the territory of Ganzi County, there are Kongsa Xieqin, Zhongsa Xie, Geda Xie, Langzha Xie, etc., among which the fifth Geda of Baili Temple, created in the 1930s and 1940s, is particularly famous for its Geda strings. At first, this song and dance was used to worship the souls of the dead, to overthrow the souls, and to avoid the plague of desertion. Later, it was gradually enriched and spread to the public. Performances without accompanying instruments, dance, men and women, two teams round song **** dance, in a circle, standing opposite, male actors look up, female actors look down, along the arc, first slow and then fast, while singing and dancing, dancing footwork is robust, with the "Xia Zhuo" charm. It is said that Geda wrote twenty-four poems and taught the actors to sing, thus forming a unique Geda string with singing and dancing folk dance. 3. Xazhuo: commonly known as "tap dance". Ganzi tap dance was first introduced by Tibet as a form of dance. About 300 years ago by the Ganzi Temple, Dajin Temple monks learned from Tibet back in Shigatse. Initially, its content was mainly in the form of poetry to praise the master, parents, local officials and pray for good luck. Xia Zhuo passed to Ganzi at the beginning of the temple by the master, performers are male, generally performed in the fall of each year, and later into the folk after no time and gender restrictions, tap dance performances, not limited to the number of people, less than one person, more than a few hundred people, performances, dancers dressed in costume but not wear a belt knife, feet or waist need to be hung on a string of ringing bells, to add sound color. After the liberation, tap dance through amateur and professional dancers inherited borrowing, wide collection of various rhythmic strengths of the footsteps, the formation of "Ganzi tap" beautiful footsteps rotating, sideways leaping and other unique skills action, enriching the expression of the dance, the formation of the local characteristics of the "Ganzi tap". Ganzi Tap". Ganzi Tap Dance was invited to Beijing in 1964 to participate in the National Minority Amateur Literary and Artistic Show, and won the excellent program award; in 1980, it participated in the National Farmer Amateur Literary and Artistic Show, and won the excellent program award; in 1990, it participated in the First Minority Art Festival of the province, and won the first prize for performance; it also won a number of prizes issued by the state and the county. 4. A Sister Ram: Ganzi Tibetan Opera. -Iron mouse year (1780) from Tibet, that year, Ganzi Temple Aba Zacang Garo Leba went to Tibet Rikaze Kadan Temple to learn "very Ba" school of Tibetan opera, brought back the script and "Gaer" (ritual dance) of the music and the production of exquisite image of realistic mask technology, and the art of Tibetan opera learned. He taught the Tibetan opera art he learned to the Tibetan opera troupe of Aba Zacang of Ganzi Monastery, but in the following year, the local authorities ordered the troupe to stop performing because they thought that such an act had disclosed the secrets of the heavens. -In 1790 (the year of the Iron Dog), the Third Langza of Ganzi Monastery. In the year of the Iron Dog (1790), the troupe was re-established by the Third Langza-... -In the Year of the Water Monkey (1932), Riga took over the troupe and performed the Tibetan Opera play "Langza Wenbo", since then, Tibetan Opera was developed in Ganzi, forming the Ganzi Tibetan Opera with its own unique style. Before the liberation, every year - July, after the large-scale Buddhist activities held in Ganzi Temple, the temple's Zeni Zacang troupe and Aba Zacang troupe performed three to seven days of Tibetan opera with eight Tibetan operas respectively.
Ganzi Tibetan opera has made an important contribution to enriching the cultural life of the masses and inheriting the excellent traditional culture. In Ganzi, the Tibetan opera is one of the plays that must be performed in the cultural and recreational activities of every festive season. In addition to its performances in the county towns and villages, the Ganzi Tibetan Opera has also taken part in many performances inside and outside the province:
In 1986, the Ganzi Tibetan Opera took part in the Ganzi Prefecture's "Autumn in Running Horse Mountain" Literary and Artistic Concert;
In 1989, the Ganzi Tibetan Opera was invited to take part in the "International Dance and Art" performances in Shanghai;
The Ganzi Tibetan Opera has also taken part in the "International Dance and Art" performances in Shanghai.
In August and October of 1993, the Ganzi Tibetan Opera team performed in Badaling, Beijing, for two months.
In 1994, Ganzi Tibetan Opera took part in the Second Ethnic Minority Art Festival of Sichuan Province;
June to November 1995, Ganzi Tibetan Opera performed in Beijing and Beidaihe etc.;
June to October 1996, Ganzi Tibetan Opera took part in the Art Festival of Dalian and Zigong City.
The Ganzi Tibetan Opera team has won high honors for its unique and wonderful performances every time, and has been praised and commended by the guests and audiences at home and abroad, in provinces and states, as well as in sister counties.
Datongma Prairie is located in the northwest of Ganzi County, where the sky is high, the air is fresh and the sun is bright. As far as the eye can see, the vast and boundless prairie is like a huge green carpet under the blue sky. Flocks of cattle and sheep just like the flowers on the embellishment, that kind of vast and faraway beauty, intoxicated, forget to return. Prairie in addition to the beautiful scenery, there are famous ancient temples and wonders, mysterious religious customs and little-known folk customs, waiting for people to discover and explore.
One, the wonders of the ancient temple
Because the Datongma is located in the hinterland of the Sichuan-Tibet Plateau, for thousands of years and less interaction with the outside world. As a result, religious activities here is very complete development, and still retains many ancient and mysterious religious culture. The famous temple in Datongma Grassland, Zala Temple, is the most famous one among the eleven Nyingma (Red Church) monasteries in Ganzi County. The temple is located in the Datongma District Chalong Township government seat, 3980 meters above sea level, 100 kilometers from the county town, with the Ganda Highway.
Zara temple name source for the territory of Datongma da, zha two ditch, and the temple was built in zha ditch in the ditch in the branch ditch, thus the name "zara temple" is "branch ditch temple" meaning. According to the "Ganzi Tibetan Buddhism Monastery Records": in the territory of Dhotonma there is a Kagya holy mountain, the top of the holy mountain built two Bumpo Monastery (black religion). One was called Dara Monastery and the other was called Zarao Nyinzaga Monastery. The latter temple was founded by the disciple of Kyabjoo Jangpo Langjue (who passed away in 1130), Qujema, and the patron at that time was Suzhigopa (a Mongolian ethnicity, and to this day there are still descendants of the family of Suzhigopa in the jurisdiction of Dhaltungma). - Disciple of the five Shengsheng fire pig year (1287), - Yixi Gongbo Za Rao Nyen Zaga Temple to change the religion for the Nyingma religion (red religion), and moved to the present place, named "Zala Temple", from then on, Zala Temple Temple name is used to this day.
1, the temple building solemn and majestic. The temple is located in a green grassy beach, the temple is brilliant, the temple has a lotus master statue, about five meters high, was golden yellow, the master's demeanor dignified and solemn, the face with a slight smile. The solemn and lofty statue of Master Lotus is located in the Jodo copper-colored mountain palace; the temple also has a Tantric and Hierarchical training and teaching courtyard, its gold roof and glazed tiles glittering in the sun. The hall around the flagpole, turn the scripture room and monasteries, the temple also built around a large number of pagodas, scattered with hundreds of herdsmen tents, especially striking is the temple after the sacred mountain is full of countless flags, the breeze blowing, the flag hunting, give a person with magnificent and solemn feeling, so that it can not help but stand in awe of.
2, the source of the red religion classics and doctrinal characteristics: from the source of the classics, Nyingma religion can be divided into two kinds. One is called "Karma", also known as oral tradition, this oral tradition of the classics is mainly based on the eighth and ninth centuries AD since the translation of the tantric classics, in the folk by the father and son or master and disciple passed down. The other is called "Dharma", also known as Vajrayana, which is said to be the Tantric classics that were buried in the ground at the end of the eighth century by Master Lotus and others, and then dug up and taught hundreds of years later. Peculiar teachings: Nyingmapa practiced mainly 0, advocating that the human mind is pure, the nature of the mind is "far from the dust and dirt"; emphasis on the secret and light show, austerity and purification of the heart -. In terms of practice methods, they are very special, as they are accustomed to practicing Tantra alone in huts or secluded caves in deep mountains and dense forests. They practiced qigong to grasp the mind and body, to gas body, and shrinking food month by month, trying to practice only a few grains of barley in the mouth can be sustained in the realm of life. In addition, the practitioners also intend to be naked in the snowy winter and under the scorching sun, practicing the art of resting the mind in a single realm and getting rid of all kinds of desires and thoughts, in order to achieve the fruits of 0fa.
3, a unique style of Buddhist activities: Dhoton Ma Ningma teachings will be content in addition to the monks concentrated in the main hall chanting, but also organized monks jumping god. Jumping god is to match the classic content of sermon dance, at the same time, is also a combination of religious and national customs and festivals, jumping god of the monks are mainly young monks, and in advance in the temple special training. There are complete and systematic dance movements and accurate and distinctive dance vocabulary. When jumping to the gods, they have to wear the masks of horses, cows, deer, monkeys, roc birds, lions and other domestic animals and wild beasts. Every year - June 10 to 15 in front of the main hall jumping God, accompanied by the temple band, the main instruments are white snail, tuba, small, suona, gongs, drums, cymbals and so on. "Sangdong" in the Tibetan language is the meaning of burning incense, - June 10 to 15, Zhara Temple is particularly lively, the mountains smoke, people head to the blue sky, facing the sacred mountain, burned on the cypress branch barley, ghee, rice, tsampa and other things on the pyre, the meaning is to God offerings, praying to the gods to bless the peace and good luck. Good men and women seem to see the majesty of the gods and the solemnity of heaven and earth, at this moment the power of the gods seems to replace the will of the individual, in the vast grasslands, in such a unique atmosphere people realize the psychological balance and satisfaction. Tibetan Buddhism jumping god is not only a religious activity, but also a kind of folk festival. When the auspicious festival is approaching, people will be unceasingly to the monastery convergence, good men and women light up ghee lamps, burning incense to worship the Buddha, donate money and gifts in order to bless the gods auspicious. Later, the temple will be held jumping god dance, good men and women quietly watching, body and mind all immersed in the plot of the ups and downs of the plot, then, with the plot of good and evil in the beauty of the collision of ugly, people's hearts really by a baptism and purification. During the period of God-jumping activities, young men and women dressed in colorful costumes, talk about love and make couples, which becomes another highlight of the God-jumping meeting. With the development of the times, the traditional religious puja has been injected with new content, it is not only a religious puja, at the same time, it is also the people's favorite national traditional festivals.
Second, the blessing of the peace of the Mannai stone pile, streamers, the wall
When you come to the Datongma prairie, you will find that everywhere you will encounter engraved with the Tibetan text of the stone pile, the Tibetan language is called "Mannai". It is the abbreviation of the Tibetan Buddhist six-word mantra "Amama-me-pa-mi-moo". It is said that often meditate on the six words of truth can eliminate disasters, peace of mind for a lifetime. Therefore, the Tibetans wherever they go, are to express this wish, so the formation of the Tibetan area everywhere there is a pile of Mana stone religious landscape. People for praying for peace will take the initiative to carve the stone, and will they pile up, so that through generation after generation of pious believers pile up, the pile of Mana stone pile more and more heaps bigger and bigger, usually people pass by the pile of stones are to take the initiative to add stones, accompanied by the mouth to chant six words of truth, and from left to right around the circle a number of times, it can be said that the pile of Mana stone has become the Tibetan masses engaged in daily Buddhist activities of the place. Warp Streamers: In the deep green hills of the Datongma prairie, you can often see countless warp streamers fluttering on the shore of the holy lake Qingxi. Especially in the Zala Temple behind the sacred mountain Yang slope overlapped with tens of thousands of warping streamers. These scripture streamers surrounding the outside of the scripture wall in Jialintang are supported by multiple yak ropes or nylon ropes, and dozens of layers of looped ropes hung with scripture streamers tightly enclose the perimeter of the scripture wall, forming a large pyramid made up of scripture streamers. In the vast grassland, there is such a huge thing with fluttering streamers, which naturally makes the traveler's mood shocked, if you come here to hang a piece of the scripture streamers, you will make a wish for yourself to pray for peace. Standing under the scripture wall or the sacred mountain streamers, people seem to feel the existence of a mysterious and inexplicable power.
Three, let the soul sublimation of the place ----- Taiwan
-, its source of different sayings, is generally believed to be a life dedication to the spirit of embodiment. -Tai is a place used to hold funerals after death in Tibet. -Tai is generally located in the high mountains above the sunny slopes. Surrounded by no special signs, it is the last stop in life, the dead will be sent here, - will read the scriptures for the dead to indicate the road to heaven, soon, as the incarnation of the gods vultures have flown in groups, the dead body will be eaten, and then flew to the distant skies, rumor has it that this will bring the dead into heaven, and their souls to enter the territory of the afterlife. And Datongma's - Taiwan is not with the crowd, - Taiwan is located in the southern end of 1 kilometer from the Zara Temple, from the foot of the mountain is more than 350 meters high in a green hillside, dense grass and colorful wildflowers, exudes a refreshing fragrance. Here is open and quiet, solemn. Here is called the Tibetan area of the most of the scripture streamers, densely packed, overlapping, covering the sky. Strips of Mani scripture wall, pyramid-shaped streamers, spiritual tower as if to create a world of bliss, so that people feel a kind of shock of the soul, a kind of life from this life to the afterlife, which is the ancient legacy of nomadic culture.
Four, clothing
herdsmen's Tibetan clothes, generally have long sleeves, big lapel, waist width and other characteristics. According to the different materials can be divided into sheepskin Tibetan robe, fur Tibetan robe and fabric Tibetan robe and so on three kinds of Tibetan robe. Fur Tibetan robe is with the old sheepskin tanned well met system, sewing good leather jacket called "miscellaneous bar". The lapel of the women's leather jacket is decorated with three kinds of serge decorations, and the serge is inlaid with two flat cloths of red and black. When wearing the leather jacket, the gown is worn with a half-high collar, slanted lapels of brocade locks the edge of the jacket, the shirt is mostly sewn in fuchsia, coffee, yellow and white satin. Waist tie a long red cocoon silk, behind a knot, the side of the belt hanging a silver embedded with coral milk hooks, milk hooks for the earliest labor tools, and then gradually evolved into decorative items. Lamb skin Tibetan robe is a lamb skin tanned after processing sewing, clothing generally with red, yellow, green and other colors of brocade material, this sewing good Tibetan robe is called "Cha Ri". Women's Tibetan robes are edged with otter skin along the edge. Men's Tibetan robe set along the edge of the tiger skin or leopard skin. Looks both beautiful and generous. Fabric Tibetan robe has a single, two kinds of folder, according to climate change at any time to replace the belt, so that the waist to form a large line of pockets. Underwear with a white or other color shirt, the weather is warm or labor, that is, the sleeve bundle on the waist, extremely convenient. Herdsmen of both sexes in the summer are wearing a wide-brimmed hat. In winter, generally wear fox skin cap, fox skin cap is a cylinder, cap after the open fork, cap edge up, fur exposed, the top with colored satin production. After wearing, show the grassland herdsmen free swarthy. Pastoral women generally comb their hair into hundreds of fine braids, under the black silk thread, decorated with agate, amber, coral, loose otoliths and other jewelry.
Five, diet
Pastoralists usually more tsampa, ghee, milk, yogurt, beef, milk residue, etc. as the main food, tea is an indispensable beverage, every meal is inseparable from the tea. Herdsmen hospitality, guests can dine when they arrive. To ghee soup and ginseng fruit, yogurt with sugar, buns, Tibetan eight treasures porridge, ghee tea or milk and other delicious food hospitality. In the event of major festivals and various ceremonies, with fresh ghee, ginseng fruit, yellow sugar merger made into a square, with ghee inlaid color into a variety of auspicious patterns, the Tibetan language called "body", as a precious gift of hospitality and gifts to VIPs.
Sixth, folk sports event ---- horse racing
The annual horse race is the most important mass recreational activities, herdsmen believe that the horse race is a major event to avoid disaster and relief, the six animals prosper, blessing of peace, and therefore are enthusiastically participate in the race before the start of the horse race, riders have to lead the horse around the cypress branch pile of three laps, at the same time, reciting wishes -, shouting "Lazolo", "Zaxi Dele" to show their blessings. The rider is usually a young man of about fifteen years of age. The elders who preside over the event lead the horses and riders to the starting point of the racecourse track, where they are aligned, and then a bell is rung, and the riders rush to the finish line on their own. The top three riders in the race receive a khata and a different amount of tea, while the rest of the riders are given a khata to congratulate them and wish them good luck. -There will also be competitions for difficult maneuvers such as shooting on horseback and picking up the khata. During the race, sports competitions such as yak dance, lion dance, wrestling, tug-of-war, and weightlifting are also held. Horse racing is the grassland herdsmen to reflect their prima donna grand activities, during the horse race, the entire grassland will be immersed in a warm, auspicious, joyful atmosphere.
Seven, the beautiful Datongma grasslands rich in resources
Datongma grasslands have Cordyceps, Bayberry and other valuable medicinal herbs. Seshutang, the Tibetan language for the meaning of "gold basin", where there are rich gold reserves. The vast Datongma grasslands also inhabited by bears, roe deer, rock sheep, deer, yellow sheep and other wildlife, there is a "roe deer, ladybird fish" is known.
In April 2021, Ganzi County was selected as one of the top 100 cultural counties in China.
In April 2021, Ganzi County was listed as the 97th on the list of 2021 China's Top 100 Counties and Cities with Specialties.
In January 2021, Ganzi County was recognized as one of the third batch of Sichuan Food Safety Demonstration Counties (cities and districts).
In June 2020, Ganzi County was included in the list of the second batch of revolutionary cultural relics protection and utilization area districts (Long March Area (Red Army of the Second Front) and Long March Area (Red Army of the Fourth Front)).
In February 2018, Ganzi County was on the list of 2017 National Basic Balanced Counties (Cities and Districts) for Compulsory Education Development.