Fountains and fountains
The fountain was originally a natural landscape, is the ground outcropping of pressurized water. Fountains in the garden, generally for the needs of landscape, artificially constructed with decorative water jets. Fountain can moisten the surrounding air, reduce dust, lower the temperature. Fountain of tiny water droplets and air molecules collision, can produce a large number of negative oxygen ions. Therefore, the fountain is beneficial to improve the appearance of the city and enhance the physical and mental health of residents.
Fountains abroad
Peter's Palace Fountain in Leningrad
Fountains originated very early, the 6th century BC in the Babylonian air gardens have been built fountains. Ancient Greek era has been gradually developed from drinking water fountains into decorative fountains. There is a theory that the fountain originated in the Islamic countries fasting bath water method. In the Islamic garden, the fountain or along the axis of the arrangement, or as the center of the local composition. Renaissance fountain technology has great development, this period of fountains and statues, columns, pools and other combination of landscape. Famous fountains such as the famous Italian villa Isthmus "hundred spring walkway" and Leyen off the fountain aqueduct. At that time, also engaged in water fun sound design. Such as the famous owl fountain, there are a group of copper birds chirping, owls after a screech, suddenly silent, stop for a moment, copper birds and noisy. Some fountains and statues, stacked waterfalls combined with landscape, such as Esther villa in the "water organ", etc. 17-18th century, fountains in European cities flourished for a while. Famous fountains such as Versailles, France, the sun god fountain, Russia, Peter's Palace with a group of statues of the Grand Cascade fountain. Rome has more than 3,000 fountains and is known as the city of fountains. There are also some allegorical fountain sketches, such as the Brussels Yu Lian fountain. It portrays a child who is concentrating on peeing, rumor has it that the enemy invaded Brussels to blow up the city's treasure house, the small Yu Lian found the burning fuse, in a hurry, towards the fuse to pee; treasure house to save, but the little hero died heroically. In recognition of his achievements, the fountain was built in 1619. To the 20th century, the fountain developed into a large-scale water sculpture, with water columns constitute a variety of forms. Such as Geneva Lake Leman towering into the clouds on the large fountain, built in 1958, it used two 1360 horsepower pumps, the water sprayed to 145 meters in the air. At night, the giant searchlight irradiated by silver water columns straight across the night sky, the scenery is spectacular. London, England, Nome A Fort fountain, 2.7 meters high, by a beautiful, irregularly shaped metal shell composition, in the shell edge of the jet out of the two water curved shape. The bottom of the shell can be rotated, the pressure of the water jet can be adjusted to form a colorful water shape. A fountain in Seattle, USA, consists of two thick stainless steel bends, the water is installed along the wall of the pipe by a lot of small nozzles sprayed, resulting in the feeling of solid water columns. It is the amount of water from the artificial control, can form a rich sculpture flavor of the water modeling. The application of modern technology, produced a variety of self-control fountain. Japan's "dancing fountain", the United States of America's "waltz fountain", irradiated by colored lights, water can dance with the melody of the music. Paris, France, on the square, there is the famous "Agam" musical fountain, built in 1980, 66 nozzles were "S" shaped arrangement, spraying 1-15 meters high water column, can perform Gershwin's "Rhapsody in Blue", Tchaikovsky's "Pathétique Symphony Pathétique Symphony", Pepin and Alleynard cooperation "water ballet" and more than ten wonderful programs. With the change of music, the water column sometimes singing and dancing, and sometimes towering, in the colorful water column is also equipped with bright and colorful sparks. Sparks are sprayed by special sparks jet tube, and the water is intertwined with the landscape marvelous. Japan's Hydrojet Zoo, in a 10-meter diameter pool, installed 6036 rotating nozzles. They can spray tigers and lions fighting, eagles and antelope fighting and other fantastic scenes. Most of these fountains use computers to control water, light, sound and color, bringing the art of fountains into a whole new era.
China's fountain
Chinese classical gardens advocate nature, and strive to be elegant and quiet, rich in wildlife. In the garden of the water in the emphasis on the natural water state of the art of reproduction. For the artificial cause of dynamic water fountain application is less. The Han Book - the canonical job" records: in the Han on the forest garden in the "excitement on the river water, copper dragon spit water, copper immortal cup under the water injection" facilities. Jia's Record" records: "Tang Dynasty Huaqing Palace Royal Pool," there are two white stone lotus, spring from the mouth of the urn gushing out, injecting white lotus above. Luoyang Garden Records" described Dong's West Garden water gushing out from the flowers. Some water features have been preserved to this day, such as the Yellow Dragon Spitting Water in Hangzhou's Huanglong Cave, built during the Chunyou period of the Southern Song Dynasty (1241-1252). 18th century, Western-style fountains were introduced to China. 1747 Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty built the "Harmonious Curiosity", "Haiyantang", "Great Fountain", "Great Fountain", "Great Fountain", "Great Fountain", "Great Fountain", "Great Fountain", and "Great Fountain", etc., all of which were built by Qing Emperor Qianlong. "," Haiyan Hall "," Dashifa "three major fountains. "Great Water Law" in the center of the pool there are ten copper dogs, the mouth of the shooting rapids, pointing directly at the copper deer, known as the "hound deer". In the "Haiyantang", there are wearing Lohan robes "twelve Chinese zodiac" statue, each zodiac can spray water, used to tell the time. This is a manually operated water lifting machinery - the dragon tail car twisting water rotating up to form a high level of water, controlled by the machinery, every hour (quite two hours) by the twelve Chinese zodiac signs in turn spraying water to noon, twelve Chinese zodiac signs at the same time spraying water. In recent years, with the development of urban modernization, China has been in Beijing's Shuangxiu Park, Temple of Heaven Park and other and city squares in the construction of time-controlled fountains, color sound-controlled fountains, movable fountains and microcomputer-controlled musical fountains.