(1) Etiquette
Hadar: Hadar is an indispensable item in the daily rituals of the Mongolian people. Offering Hada is a ritual used by Mongolian herders in welcoming guests and daily interaction. When offering the Hada, the host holds the Hada with both hands open and chants an auspicious toast or hymn, rendering an atmosphere of respect, and at the same time folds the Hada toward the guest who receives it. The guest should stand up and face the person offering the hatha, concentrating on listening to the benediction and accepting the toast. When accepting the khata, the guest should bow slightly forward, and the khata giver will hang the khata around the guest's neck. The guest should put his hands together in front of his chest to express his gratitude to the giver of the hadeeth.
The tea: to the herdsman's home guests or in the tourist attractions, the host or the service lady will first give the guests a bowl of milk tea. Guests should be slightly yawning up with both hands or right hand to receive, do not use the left hand to receive, otherwise it will be considered to know no etiquette. Master or service lady poured tea, guests do not want tea, please use the bowl edge gently spoon or pot mouth a touch, the master will instantly understand the intention of the guests. Toasting tea is a kind of noble Mongolian traditional etiquette. In the history of Mongolia, no matter whether it is a rich or poor family, no matter whether it is the upper class or the common people, no matter whether it is in the socializing or at home, in the journey, or in all other occasions, there is no way to use tea as a socializing product. Home guests, tea is an essential hospitality. Therefore, the herdsmen to entertain guests, as a rule, is the first to the guest of honor to offer a bowl of milk tea, and then the host and served up fried rice and a big bowl of a big bowl of cream, milk tofu and milk skin and other dairy products.
Toast: Pouring wine to the guests is the traditional way of Mongolian hospitality. They believe that wine is the essence of food, the crystallization of grains, out of the most precious food offerings, is an expression of the grassland herdsmen to the guests of respect and love. Usually the host is the wine poured in a silver bowl, gold cup or horn cup, resting on a long haida above, singing a moving traditional Mongolian toast, the guest is not drinking wine, it will be considered to be the host look down on, unwilling to treat with sincerity. Guests should then catch the wine, catch the wine with ring finger dipped in wine to the sky, the earth, the fireplace direction point, to show that honor the sky, the earth, the fire god. Don't be forced to drink, but dip your lips to show that you have accepted the pure friendship of the host. Then the housewife dressed in national costume brings fragrant milk wine to the guests, which is also a traditional Mongolian ritual. The host will use poetic language to persuade the wine: "Guests from afar, please drink a cup of prairie wine, which is the essence of our national traditional food, but also our prairie people's generous deep feelings".
To honor the gods: the Mongolian people have the custom of honoring the gods at the ceremonial feasts. According to the description of "Mongolian customs", the chef cut the sheep into nine equal pieces of meat, "the first piece of sacrifice to the sky, the second piece of sacrifice to the ground, the third piece of Buddha, the fourth piece of sacrifice to ghosts, the fifth piece of people, the sixth piece of sacrifice to the mountain, the seventh piece of sacrifice to the grave, the eighth piece of sacrifice to the land and water gods, the ninth piece of the emperor". Sacrifice to the sky is thrown to the meat above the yurt; sacrifice to the land is thrown into the fire; sacrifice to the Buddha placed in front of the shrine; sacrifice to the ghosts placed outside the bag; sacrifice to the mountain is hung on the branches of the sacred tree, sacrifice to the grave, that is, sacrifice to the ancestors of their own people. Placed outside the bag, sacrifices to the water god thrown in the river, and finally sacrificed to Genghis Khan, placed in front of the shrine. This custom can be traced back to the ancient shamanism, its worship of a variety of gods and goddesses, and then the Mongolian belief in Lamaism and absorbed its ancient folk beliefs, the many gods and goddesses into the track of Lamaism.
Hospitality: The Mongolian people have been known for their straightforwardness and hospitality since ancient times. The Mongolian people have been known for their straightforwardness and hospitality since ancient times, and they are full of enthusiasm for visitors to their homes, whether they are regulars or strangers. First of all, they offer the fragrant milk tea and bring out a plate of white milk skin and cheese. After drinking milk tea, the host will honor the mellow milk wine, the summer season will also invite guests to drink horse milk wine. Some regions use hand-steak meat to entertain guests, there are certain rules. For example, with a pipa bone meat with four long ribs meat meal; beef with a spine meat with half a section of ribs and a section of fat intestines to guests. Before a girl gets married or after she gets married back to her mother's house, she is treated with lamb breast meat, and the lamb's calf bone, chin chin, and neck meat are all for the younger generation and children to eat. The whole goat is served on the day of the reception of honored guests or on the day of the celebration.
Respect for the old and love for the young: Mongolians honor the old and love the young. When you are a guest in a yurt herder's house, you have to greet the old man. Do not pass in front of the old man, do not sit on his seat, do not sit side by side with the old man without permission. Address the elderly as "you", not as "you" or by their first names. When you see herdsmen's children, don't scold them loudly, and don't hit them. Don't talk about a child's physical defects in front of the family. Being kind and affectionate to the child is considered a sign of respect for the parents.
Singing: The Mongolian people's persuasion of alcohol is often expressed through sincere singing, singing and persuasion of alcohol is carried out at the same time, often one person sings the main song, everyone raises their glasses in chorus, and then we all drink together, so several times, the wine is sound. Singing is ceremonial, but also improvisational, one person or several people, but also the chorus, the singing is often painful, all night long. Hospitality: The Mongolian people have the traditional virtue of hospitality, which has been passed down from ancient times to the present.
Electing hunting dogs: Mongolians have the custom of hunting dogs. Therefore, they attach great importance to the selection of a good hunting dog - "Taig", that is, the castrated short-haired fine dogs. Selection of hunting dogs to focus on good breeds, that is, from a good breed of puppies in the selection of waist long, tail long and well-proportioned, sensitive hearing, sharp eyesight, agile, fast running up the puppy as a hunting dog.
Greetings: Mongolians are a hospitable people meet to greet each other, even if it is a stranger to say hello; peers, acquaintances meet, generally ask: "Sai Bainu", if you meet the elders or meet for the first time, it is necessary to ask: "He Sai Bainu! ". Hospitality to travelers is a traditional virtue of Mongolians, but the host must be honored as a guest in the house of Mongolians. After entering the yurt, you should sit on the carpet with your legs crossed around the stove, but the west side of the stove is the master's residence, and you should not sit casually when the master is not sitting. Master on the milk tea, guests usually want to drink, do not drink rude; master please eat dairy products, guests do not refuse, otherwise it will hurt the master's heart. If it is inconvenient to eat more, eat a little is okay.
(2) Mongolian naming customs
The characteristics of their men's names are:
One, according to the national psychological habits of the name, such as: Timur, Geser, Batel, etc.;
Two, according to the expectations of the elders of the name, such as: Jiya Saiyin (good luck), Bayar (joy), Baiyin (abundance), Jizhigrad (happiness), etc.;
Three According to the baby's birth, the elders of the age of the name, such as: Binta (50), Ji Rentai (60), Daleng (70), etc.;
Four, to the name of the brave beasts and animals, such as: Shao Bu (bird of prey), Bala (tiger), China (wolf), Abulslang (lion), the Department of Riguid (eagle), etc.;
Five, according to the names of natural objects, such as: Chaolu (stone), A Gura (mountain). Gula (mountain), Muren (river), Tara (wilderness), etc.;
Women's names are characterized by:
One of the bright stars for the name, such as: Naren (sun), Saren (moon), O Dun (star), Naren Gao Wa (beautiful sun), Saren Gao Wa (beautiful moon), etc.;
Two, beautiful flowers and trees for the name, such as: Sazhirang flowers (), its its own flowers (shandan flowers), its own flowers (), its own flowers (). Shandan flowers), Qizhige (flowers), Nabuchi (leaves), begonias, etc.;
Three, jewelry and jade as a name, such as: Hass (jade), Tana (pearl), Alatan Gova (gold-like beauty), etc.;
Four, to the ideal as a name, such as: Sqin (intelligent), Uyun (wisdom), Gao Wa (beautiful), Sqin Gao Wa (beautiful, intelligent) and so on.
By this method, Mongolian women's names can also be divided into many kinds. Modern Mongolian name, the most important feature is not with the name prefix, so it is only the name, should not be understood as a name, there are very few with the surname prefix, that is only an individual phenomenon.
Mongolians riding a horse, driving close to the yurt avoid heavy riding fast, so as not to alarm the herd; if there is a fire in front of the door or hanging red cloth and other marks, said the family has a sick or maternal, avoid outsiders to enter; guests can not sit on the west bed, because the west is for the Buddha's direction; avoid eating from the death of animals and donkey meat, dog meat, white horse meat; to do the funeral of the red and white, do the joy of the contraindication of the black and yellow; contraindication to roast feet on the fire pit, shoes, shoes, and the fire bowl, the fire bowl, the fire bowl. fire pots to roast feet, shoes, socks and pants, etc.; prohibit smoking, spitting and touching Dharma vessels, classics, Buddha statues and loud noises when visiting the temple's scripture halls and offering halls, as well as hunting in the vicinity of the temple.
Fire Taboo: Mongolians worship fire, fire god and stove god, and believe that fire, fire god or stove god is a holy thing to drive away demons and evil spirits. So after entering the yurt, it is forbidden to bake your feet on the fireplace, and even more forbidden to bake wet boots and shoes next to the fireplace. You are not allowed to cross the fireplace, or stir the fireplace with your feet, and you are not allowed to knock the tobacco bag, drop things or throw dirty things on the fireplace. You can not use a knife to pick fire, insert a knife into the fire, or use a knife to take meat from a pot
Water taboos: The Mongols believe that water is a pure deity. It is taboo to wash hands or bathe in the river, and even more so to wash women's dirty clothes, or put unclean things into the river. Grassland drought water shortage, grazing by water grass, no water can not survive. So the herdsmen used to save water, pay attention to keep the water clean, and regard water as the source of life.
(3) wedding customs
Offering Hada Mongolian young men and women to get married, to choose an auspicious day, the male party to the woman's family to send bride price. Bride price is cash, clothes, cloth, jewelry, rice and so on. The woman's family dowry things are cabinets, bedding, clothes, jewelry, electrical appliances, bicycles, rice, melons and so on. The key is sent by the woman's family to her relatives for safekeeping, and when the bride arrives at the man's house, the groom's mother will take money to redeem the key and give it to the bride. The day before the wedding, the man has to send pork and wine labeled with red paper to the woman's home, both as a gift and for the woman's home to use for entertaining guests.
On the day of the wedding, the bridegroom, accompanied by the groomsmen, comes to the bride's home to meet the bride, and at the same time picks up some green vegetables to send to the bride's home. According to custom, the groom can not speak during the process of welcoming the bride, all by the accompanied by the groom to socialize and maneuver, until the bride to marry home. To the woman's home, the groom was arranged to eat alone, and can not do anything, only by the accompaniment of the groom to feed the groom to eat. When people from the male side of the dowry pick, carry out the door, the groom can welcome the bride out of the door.
The bride wears a young woman's hair style, from top to bottom, inside and out are wearing brand new clothes. Clothing is still green and black, the lace pattern of the dress and the high collar of the blouse, are similar to the Mongolian people in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The bride wore a small hangings, by a child in the bridal party to keep. The bride was carried into the sedan chair by her uncle, and accompanied by the bride's brother sent to the man's home. The bride on the sedan chair to cry, that can not bear to leave home, and to cry all the way to the cave.
Before the bride enters the door of the man's house, the paper of the God of Happiness should be burned, and after entering the door, the bride should be persuaded to stop crying, and after entering the bridal chamber, the bride's red head scarf should be removed and offered to the hall. When eating, the bride is allowed to eat alone in the cave room, and the bridegroom will add food for the bride. That night, the girl and the boy to come to celebrate, the family a laughter and singing.
The next day, the newlyweds have to return to the woman's home, while in the woman's home to worship heaven and earth and ancestors, the parents-in-law at the same time give the groom a silver bracelet. On the way back to the man's house from the woman's house, no matter what people they meet, the newlyweds have to bow. After returning to the man's home, they also have to worship heaven and earth and their ancestors.
On the third day, they go to their ancestors' graves. The newlyweds, accompanied by the girl and the young man, carry offerings and food such as pig heads to the ancestral tombs of both the man's and the woman's families. When they return, the bride burns the fire and the groom carries water to wash the feet of the elders and their companions. This is the end of the wedding.
For seven days after the wedding, the bride cannot return to her mother's home or stay elsewhere. Historically, the Mongols had the custom that a man could marry another man while his original wife could not remarry. Now the situation has fundamentally changed, marriage is voluntary and divorce is free has become a new trend, but the divorce rate of Mongolians is very low. [Edit Paragraph] 4. Religion Religion: Shamanism is the old primitive religion of the Mongols. Shamanism worships a variety of natural deities and ancestral spirits. Genghis Khan practiced shamanism and worshipped the "Everlasting Sky". Until the Yuan Dynasty, shamanism dominated Mongolian society and still had an important influence on the Mongolian royal family, princes and nobles, and the people. Royal ancestor worship, temple worship, the emperor's driving honor on the capital, are presided over by the shamanism sacrifice. Genghis Khan and his successors to a variety of religions adopted a policy of tolerance. The popular religions were Buddhism, Taoism, Islam, Christianity and Shamanism. During the period of Mongol Khan, Mongol Khan and the royal family, in addition to practicing shamanism, but also to serve Islamists, Christians, Taoist disciples and Buddhist monks, and personally participate in a variety of religious ceremonies. The same policy was adopted during the Yuan Dynasty. Yuan dynasty period of Islamists to build temples all over the world, Christianity is also valued and protected. The State Master Basti Ba had enshrined Kublai and his queens, princes and many others. Buddhism replaced shamanism in the court. However, the influence of Buddhism was limited to the upper ruling class of Mongolia, and most of the Mongols still practiced shamanism.
In the second half of the 16th century, Alatan Khan of the Mongolian Tumurt clan welcomed Tsongkhapa's Gelugpa school of Tibetan Buddhism, and in 1578, Alatan Khan and the Dalai III Sonam Gyatso met at Yanghua Monastery in Qinghai and held a puja, at which Sonam Gyatso was named the "Sacred Knowledge of All Wazir Dara Dalai Lama" by Alatan Khan, thus creating the title of the Dalai Lama. The title of Dalai Lama thus arose. Since then, in the Ming and Qing dynasties support and advocate, Tibetan Buddhism in Mongolia flourished. But shamanism in the eastern region to rituals, divination, healing activities in varying degrees survived.
In the Qing government advocated, the entire Mongolian region to build monasteries, carving statues of Buddha, painting murals, casting statues and a variety of metal crafts with the development of religious atmosphere, popular for a while, the Lamaism in the Mongolian region has become a paralyzing people, tame the people's power.
Sacrifice:
Sacrifice "Tengri", Mongolian translation, meaning "sky". One of the Mongolian shamanistic concepts. Refers to the upper world, i.e., heaven; also refers to the master of all natural phenomena, "the first lord"; also contains the meaning of "fate". Tengri" is one of the most important Mongolian rituals. Tengri sacrifice is divided into "white sacrifice", which is offered with traditional dairy products, and "red sacrifice", which is offered with the blood of slaughtered sheep. In recent times, the eastern alliance flag folk festival activities, more in the seventh or eighth of July.
Fire, Mongolian herders, hunters worship fire, this is because their ancestors believe in natural attributes and the concept of animism shamanism, that fire is the separation of heaven and earth produced, and so on the "Ward Garai Khan - Eh" more reverence. The fire festival is divided into annual festival and monthly festival. Annual festival held on the 23rd day of the lunar month, under the auspices of the elders will be butter, white wine, beef and mutton and other offerings into the fire, thanks to the God of Fire's blessings, praying for the next year, people and animals two prosperous, abundant harvest, good luck. Monthly festival is often held on the first and second day of each month. In addition, there are a lot of taboos about the fire to reflect the Mongolian respect for the fire, such as not to the fire splash water, can not use a knife, stick in the fire pounding, can not be spit into the fire, and so on.
Sacrificing Ovoo, sacrificing Ovoo is a Mongolian religious customs handed down from ancient times, held every year when the water and grass season. Ovoo is the meaning of stone pile. That is, in the open ground, beautiful scenery of the mountain highlands, with stone pile a round solid tower, the top of the standing tied with scripture cloth or livestock hair horns of the long pole. At that time, cooked beef and mutton are offered, the host delivers a prayer, and men, women, and children worship and pray for favorable weather conditions and the safety of people and animals. After the ceremony, often held horse racing, archery, wrestling and other athletic activities. Ovoo festival is the Mongolians to commemorate the birthplace of the Ergun mountains and forests and the formation of their own ancestral land, expressed their attachment and unlimited reverence for their ancestors. This most important ritual when practicing shamanism has evolved into an annual festival.
Religious music, also called shamanic song and dance, is performed by Mongolian shamans. The use of round single drum accompaniment, drum handle ring set with copper money and other metal objects, shaking the rustle. The drums are beaten with drum whips and danced according to the rhythm of the drums. Ritual songs, witchcraft songs, etc., are mainly chants and toasts, with fewer dance components. Most of the performance forms are solo dances, but there are also collective songs and dances, which can absorb the onlookers to participate in the performance. [Edit] 5, beautiful costumes Naadam Mongolian costumes, including robes, belts, boots, jewelry and so on. But because of the different regions in different styles. To women's robes, for example, horqin, horqin area of mongolians, more wear wide straight to the heel of the robe, both sides of the fork, neckline and cuffs with more colorful sets of flowers appliquéd; xilingol grassland mongolians are wearing fat narrow-sleeved edged not open Mongolia robe; Buryat women wear girdle skirt type shoulder robe; Ordos women's robes are divided into three, the first for the body suit, the sleeve length of the wrist, the second for the coat, the sleeve length to the elbow, the third for the tunic, the sleeve length to the elbow, the third for the coat, the sleeve length to the wrist, the sleeve length to the wrist, the sleeve length to the elbow, the sleeve length to the elbow, the sleeve length to the elbow, the sleeve length to the elbow. The first is a bodysuit with sleeves up to the wrist, the second is a tunic with sleeves up to the elbow, and the third is a collarless placketed kangsha with straight rows of glittering buttons; while the Mongols in Qinghai wear robes more similar to those of the Tibetans. Except for Qinghai, men's dress varies little from place to place. In the spring and fall, they wear a robe, in the summer they wear a single robe, and in the winter they wear a cotton or leather robe. Mongolians usually like to wear fabric clothes, festivals or celebrations generally wear brocade bordered satin clothes. Men's clothes are mostly blue and brown, and women's clothes like to use red, pink, green and sky blue. Belt is an important part of Mongolian dress, with a length of three or four meters of satin or cotton made. Men hang knives, fire scythes, snuffboxes and other ornaments on their belts. Mongolian boots are divided into two kinds of leather boots and cloth boots, Mongolian boots with fine workmanship, boots and other places have exquisite patterns. Hanging jewelry and wearing hats are the habits of Mongolians. Hats in various regions also have local characteristics. Inner Mongolia and Qinghai and other places of Mongolia's hat top high side flat, lining made of white felt, the outer edge of the decorated leather or felt dyed purple and green for decoration, winter thick summer thin. The top of the hat decorated with tassels, hat band for silk, men and women can wear. Hulunbeier's Balkhu, Buryat Mongolia, men with shawl cap, women with turned brim pointed cap. Agate, jadeite, coral, pearls, silver and other precious raw materials to make Mongolia's jewelry rich and luxurious. Men's colors are mostly blue, black and brown, but also some with silk wrapped around the head. Women mostly with red, blue head wrap head, winter and men wear the same conical hat.
Mongolian men wear robes and girth, women's sleeves embroidered with lace patterns, tops with high collars, seemingly similar to the tribe. Women like to wear three pieces of clothing of different lengths, Mongolian traditional clothing - Mongolian robe The first piece of fitted clothing, sleeve length to the wrist, the second piece of outerwear, sleeve length to the elbow, the third piece of collarless lapel kangs, nailed with straight rows of flash buttons, especially eye-catching.
Mongolian clothing has a strong grassland style. Because the Mongolian people have long lived in the northern steppe, Mongolians, both men and women love to wear robes. Pastoral winter clothing is mostly light plate leather, there are also satin, cotton clothes face. Summer clothing more cloth. Long robe body end fat, long sleeves, more red, yellow, dark blue. Men's and women's robes are not slit at the hem. Red and green satin belt.
Men's belts hang knives, fire scythes, snuffboxes and other ornaments. Like to wear soft boots, long to the knee. Peasants wear cloth, slit robe, cotton clothes, etc., more felt boots in winter Ula, high boots rare, retaining the custom of waist tie. Men wear blue, black and brown hat, some with silk wrapped around the head. Women with red, blue bandana wrapped around the head, winter and men wear the same conical cap. Unmarried women separate their hair from the center of the front, tied on two hair roots, hair roots with two large round beads on top, hair slightly down, and decorated with agate, coral, jasper and so on. There are also more distinctive Mongolian wrestling costumes.
Mongolian wrestling clothes are Mongolian costume craft. The wrestling costume includes kangs, pants, overpants, and colored silk belt. The kangaroo bares the chest. The pants are wide. The pants are richly patterned, usually with cloud pattern, plant pattern, life pattern and so on. The patterns are bold and powerful with strong color contrasts. The underpants are fat and specially made from 10 meters of cloth. Facilitate heat dissipation, to avoid sweat and wet paste on the body surface; also adapted to wrestling wrestling sports characteristics, so that the opponent is not easy to use the leg action. Set of pants with tough and sturdy cloth or velvet sewing. Knee with various colors of cloth patchwork combination of sewing patterns, patterns generous and solemn, said auspicious. All parts of the garment are appropriately allocated and matched, all in one, with the national character of courage and strength. [edit]6, festivals and celebrations Traditional festivals are "White Festival", sacrificing Ovoo, Naadam, the prairie game of the brave: playing the Mane Festival and so on.
Mongolian folk the biggest festival of the year is equivalent to the Chinese New Year Festival of the New Year, also known as the "White Moon", the legend of the milk food related to the white, with the blessing of the meaning of good luck. The timing of the festival roughly coincides with the Spring Festival. On New Year's Eve, every family eats hand-meat, and also makes dumplings and pancakes, and on the morning of the first day of the year, the younger generation toasts to their elders.
In addition to the New Year's festival in Xilin Gol League folk, but also in the summer of each year, "horse milk festival". Before the festival, every family should slaughter sheep to make hand-me-down mutton or whole sheep feast, but also squeeze horse milk wine. On the day of the festival, every herdsman's family should take out the best dried milk, cheese, milk tofu and other dairy products on the plate to entertain guests. Horse milk wine is considered a holy drink and is offered to honored guests.
The Luban Festival, a traditional festival of the Mongolian people along the western city of Tonghai County, Yunnan Province, is held on the second day of the fourth lunar month every year for one day. The Mongolian people living here have learned building techniques from other brotherly peoples. The houses they built are not only chic and beautiful, but also durable, and are quite praised by the people of various ethnic groups in the neighborhood. In order to commemorate and celebrate the achievements in civil engineering construction, they set the second day of the fourth month of the lunar calendar as the Luban Festival. Festival day, go out to build the mud, wood, stonemasons, regardless of the distance to come back home to celebrate the festival. All villages to kill pigs and sheep, stage singing. People also put the sandalwood carving Lu Ban statue picking up, beating gongs and drums, traveling straight to the villages, and then, everyone gathered on the field, singing and dancing. Their favorite dance is called "jumping music". When jumping, first by the male youth as a pioneer, they embrace the dragon head ukulele, playing and jumping, behind the crowd of people divided into two rows, sometimes in a circle and sometimes interspersed with each other, the formation of the changing, and singing and dancing, the scene is very active.
Lighting Festival, October 25th of the lunar calendar every year, to the nightfall, families lit lamps, to show the celebration. Nowadays, most of the Mongolians in Hebuksaier Mongol Autonomous County and Emin County do not burn lamps; Mongolians in Wusu County do not burn lamps on the day of the Lantern Festival, which is replaced by various forms of entertainment.
After the festival, the villages were busy collecting wheat and rapeseed, and plowing rice paddies. After these agricultural work, the craftsmen and groups of people go out to contract construction. [edit paragraph] 7, food delicacies Milk tofu Mongolia is rich in characteristic food, such as roasted sheep, oven roasted whole sheep with skin, hand-held mutton, big fried sheep, roasted leg of lamb, milk tofu, Mongolian buns, Mongolian pies and so on. Folk also: thin cream, the Mongolian people often prepare dairy products; milk skin; depilated whole sheep feast, is a traditional Mongolian feast dishes, rituals are also commonly used; cooked roasted sheep, Inner Mongolia Ordos region flavorful dishes; cabbage and lamb rolls; new Su cake, traditional Mongolian folk cakes; dry rice, Mongolian snacks.
Mongolian herders regard sheep as the guarantee of life and the source of wealth. They eat three meals a day, and each meal is inseparable from milk and meat. Milk as raw materials made of food, the Mongolian language, called "Chagan Ide", meaning holy, pure food, that is, "white food"; meat as raw materials made of food, the Mongolian language, called "Ulaan Ide", meaning "Ulaan Ide", meaning "white food". The food made from meat is called "Ulaan Ide" in Mongolian, which means "red food".
Mongolians consume goat's milk, horse's milk, deer's milk and camel's milk in addition to the most common cow's milk. A small part of it is used as fresh milk drink, and most of it is processed into milk products, such as: dried yogurt, milk tofu, milk skin, cream, diluted cream, cream residue, buttermilk, powdered milk and so on, which can be consumed in the main meal and is a suitable snack for young and old alike. Dairy products have always been regarded as the finest treasures, and if there are guests, the first thing is to offer them, and if a child comes, the milk skin or cream will be smeared on his head as a sign of good wishes.
Mongolian meat is mainly cow and sheep meat, followed by goat meat, camel meat and a small amount of horse meat, in the hunting season also hunted yellow sheep meat. The common traditional way of eating mutton is whole sheep feast, tender whole sheep feast, depilated whole sheep feast, roasted sheep, roasted sheep heart, fried tripe, sheep brain braised vegetables and so on more than 70 kinds. The most characteristic is the Mongolian roasted whole sheep (peeled and roasted), oven roasted whole sheep with skin or called Alashan roasted whole sheep, the most common is hand-held mutton. Mongolian people eat lamb pay attention to cooking, cooked that is eaten to maintain the tenderness of the lamb, especially when doing hand-meat lamb, avoid cooking too old. But the eastern part of Inner Mongolia, Mongolia and Han mixed areas of the Mongolian people also like to eat boiled with spices, and the meat cooked into a crispy handlebar mutton. Some areas of the Mongolian people also like to sheep waist nest of meat cut into large pieces, hanging batter deep-fried into deep-fried pieces of meat, folk known as "big fried sheep". Beef is mostly eaten in winter. There are made into a whole beef feast, more stewed, braised, made soup. Also eat camel meat and horse meat, deep-fried hump pieces dipped in sugar, as a delicacy, experienced cooks are also good at cattle hoof tendons, deer tendons, cattle prod and oxtail cooked into a variety of therapeutic dishes. In order to facilitate the preservation, but also often made of beef and mutton jerky and bacon.
In the daily diet and red food, white food occupies the same important position is Mongolia's unique food - fried rice. The Mongolians in the western region also have the custom of making "Beng" with fried rice. The fried rice is mixed with suet, jujube, red and white sugar, and then pinched into small pieces for tea and rice. Without steaming and frying the rice is used to cook with meat into porridge, rice flour can be pancakes; flour made of a variety of food in the daily diet of the Mongolian people is also increasing, the most common is the noodles and pancakes, and is good at using the flour stuffing made of Mongolian buns, Mongolian pies and Mongolian pastries, such as the new Mongolian Su cake. The Mongolians in western Alxa and Ordos also have the habit of making deep-fried noodle cake like "Zhangru" with flour. The eastern part of the Zherimu League is rich in buckwheat, buckwheat flour pancakes is a more local characteristics of a food.
Mongolians can not leave the tea every day, in addition to drinking black tea, almost all have the habit of drinking milk tea, the first thing in the morning is to cook milk tea, milk tea is best to use a new hit of clean water, boiling, rushed into the net pot or pot with tea, slow cooking 2-3 minutes, and then fresh milk and salt into the, boiling can be. Mongolian milk tea sometimes add butter, or milk skin, or fried rice, etc., its flavor aromatic, salty and delicious, is a variety of nutrients containing tonic beverages. Some people even believe that three days without food can be, but not a day to drink milk tea can not. The Mongolian people also like to use the fruits, leaves and flowers of many wild plants to cook milk tea, which has different flavors, and some of them can prevent and cure diseases.
Most Mongolians are able to drink alcohol, and the wine they drink is mostly white wine and beer, while some regions also drink milk wine and horse milk wine. Mongolian brewing milk wine, that is, the first fresh milk into the barrel, and then add a small amount of acidophilic milk juice (more acidic than the general yogurt) as a lead, daily stirring, 3-4 days until all the milk becomes sour, you can enter the pot to heat, the pot on the cover of a bottomless wooden barrel, the large mouth down the inside of the barrel hung on the side of a number of small cans, and then in the bottomless wooden barrel sitting on an iron pot full of cold water, the yogurt by the evaporation of the heated When the cold iron pot condensed into liquid, dripping into the small cans, that is, the first pot of milk wine, such as the degree is not thick, you can also steam two pots. Whenever a festival or guests and friends get together, they have the habit of drinking it. Horse milk wine is made from fermented fresh horse milk, without distillation.
『Milk Wine and Steak Meat』 Horse Milk Wine Mongolian people live in the grassland and make their living by animal husbandry. Horse milk wine, hand-steamed meat, roast lamb is their favorite daily life drinks and food and hospitality. Every year in July and August, when the cows are fat and the horses are strong, it is the season to make horse milk wine. Diligent Mongolian women store horse milk in a leather bag and stir it, and after a few days, the milk and fat are separated and fermented into wine. With the development of science, the prosperity of life, the Mongolian people brewing horse milk wine process is increasingly exquisite and perfect, not only a simple fermentation method, but also appeared in the brewing of potent milk wine distillation method. The milk wine is the best quality after six times of steaming and six times of brewing. Horse's milk wine is warm in nature, and has the effects of driving away cold, relaxing muscles, activating blood circulation, and strengthening the stomach. It is known as Purple Jade Syrup and Yuan Jade Syrup, and is one of the "Eight Treasures of Mongolia". Once for the Yuan dynasty court and Mongolian aristocratic house of the main drink. Kublai Lie also often put it in the precious golden bowl, rewarding meritorious officials. Hand-steamed meat is one of the traditional food methods of Mongolians. The practice is to fat sheep gutted, peeled off the skin to wash the internal organs, remove the head and hooves, and then the whole sheep unloaded into a number of large pieces, into the white water cooking, to be the water rolled meat is cooked that is taken out, placed on a large plate on the table, we all take the Mongolian knife chunks of large pieces of cut to eat. For not using chopsticks, hand food and named.