Question 2: Where is the Kunqu opera in China? It was produced in the Kunshan area of Jiangsu Province, and is a relatively old opera.
Question 3: Where is kunqu from Kunshan, Suzhou
Question 4: What kinds of theater are there in China? Where is the Kunqu theater? From the 10th in the Chinese Academy of Arts opening of the Chinese Opera Varieties Protection Exhibition was informed that China's existing opera varieties 267 kinds of theater, and half of them only amateur performances, more than 60 existing varieties of theater without audio-visual data preservation.
According to the introduction, the survey in the 1950s showed that the country **** there are 368 types of opera, and to the 1982 compilation of "Encyclopedia of China? Opera Volume" when the survey data statistics, the country **** there are 317 types of opera. By the dramatic "shrinkage" of the opera varieties, we see the difficulties faced by the heritage of the art of opera, and feel that the protection of opera varieties is a long way to go.
The Kunqu opera, which originated in Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, has a history of more than 600 years, is known as "the ancestor of all operas, the master of all operas", and many local operas, such as the Jin opera, Pu opera, Shangdang opera, Xiang opera, Sichuan opera, Gan opera, Guiyu opera, Yong opera, Yueju opera and Guangdong Cantonese opera, Min opera, Wu opera, Dian opera, etc., have been nurtured and nourished by the Kunqu opera in many ways.
The Kun Opera has been nurtured and nourished by the art of Kun Opera in many ways.
Kunqu, originally known as "Kunshan cavity" or simply "Kunqiang", has been known as "Kunqu" since the Qing Dynasty, and is now called "Kun Opera". "Kunqu is one of China's traditional operas. Kunqu is one of the oldest types of traditional Chinese opera, and is also one of the treasures of traditional Chinese culture and art, especially opera, and is known as an "orchid" in the Garden of Hundred Flowers.
As early as the end of the Yuan and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty (in the middle of the 14th century), the Kunshan accent was produced in the area of Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, which, together with the Haiyan accent originating in Zhejiang Province, the Yuyao accent, and the Yiyang accent originating in Jiangxi Province, is known as the four major voices of the Ming Dynasty, and belongs to the Southern Opera system.
The Kunshan accent began as a folk song, a small song. Its distribution area, began to be limited to the area of Suzhou, to the Wanli years, it is centered in Suzhou to the south of the Yangtze River and Qiantang River to the north, and gradually spread to Fujian, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Henan, Hebei, Wanli years also flowed into Beijing. In this way, the Kunshan cavity has become the most influential vocal theater from the middle of the Ming Dynasty to the middle of the Qing Dynasty.
Question 5: What are the local theater in China belongs to which province 1, Kunqu
Kunqu, also known as the "Kun cavity", "Kun Opera", is an ancient type of opera. It originated in Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, and began to flourish after the middle of the Ming Dynasty, when most of the legendary plays were sung in Kunqu. In addition to Southern Kunqu, which maintains the characteristics of early Kunqu, many branches have been formed throughout the country, such as Kunyi, Xiangkun and Chuankun in the north. The style of Kunqu is clear and soft, delicate and lyrical, and the performances are full of songs and dances, and the program is rigorous, which is the representative of Chinese classical opera.
2. Gaoqiang
Gaoqiang is a general term for an opera vocal system. It was originally known as "Yiyang Cavity" or "Eagle Cavity", because it originated in Yiyang, Jiangxi Province. It is characterized by simple performances, popular lyrics, high-pitched and exciting singing, a person singing and the crowd, using only golden drums to beat the rhythm, without orchestral accompaniment. Since the middle of the Ming Dynasty, it began to spread from Jiangxi to all parts of the country, and formed different styles of Gaoqiang everywhere, such as Sichuan Opera Gaoqiang, Xiang Opera Gaoqiang, Gan Opera Gaoqiang and so on.
3. Bangkang Cavity
Bangkang Cavity is a general term for a kind of vocal system of opera. It originated in Shanxi, Shaanxi junction of the "Shan-Shaanxi Opera", characterized by singing high-pitched and exciting, with wooden bang knuckles. Then, it developed eastward and southward, forming different forms of clapper in different regions, such as Shanxi clapper, Hebei clapper, Henan clapper, Shandong clapper and so on.
4. Peking Opera
Peking Opera, also known as "Pihuang", consists of two basic cadences, "Xipi" and "Erhuang", which make up its musical material. It is composed of two basic tunes, "Xipi" and "Erhuang", and also sings a number of small local tunes (such as liuziqiang and blowing) and Kunqu opera. It was formed in Beijing around 1840 and flourished in the 1930s and 1940s, when it was known as the "National Opera". Nowadays, it is still a big opera with national influence. It is a representative of modern Chinese opera with its comprehensive lines, mature performances, and beautiful atmosphere.
5, appraisal of drama
Appraisal of drama, the end of the Qing Dynasty in Hebei Luanxian area of the small song "counterpart of the Lotus Flower" based on the formation of the first popular in the rural areas of Hebei, and then entered the Tangshan, called "Tangshan drop". 1920s or so in the northeast region, the emergence of a group of female opera singers and the emergence of a number of women. After the 1930s, under the influence of Peking Opera, Hebei Opera and other styles, the performance of Pingju Opera became more mature, with the emergence of schools such as Bai Yushang, Xi Cailian and Ailianjun, etc. After 1950, plays such as Liu Qiao'er, Flower as Matchmaker, Yang Sanjie Sue, Qin Xianglian and so on had a great influence on the whole country, and famous performers such as Xin Fenghia, Xiaobai Yushang, and Wei Rongyuan appeared. Famous actors such as Xin Fengxia, Xiao Bai Yushang and Wei Rongyuan appeared. Now the opera is still popular in Hebei and Beijing
6. Hebei Opera
Hebei Opera, that is, the popular opera in Hebei and Beijing, originated from the Shan-Shan Opera at the junction of Shan and Shaanxi, and then spread to Hebei through Shanxi, and was formed by combining the dialects of Hebei and Beijing. It maintains the characteristics of the clapper cavity with the banging and beating of the knuckles, and the singing voice is soaring and agitated that it is good at performing tragic plots. The famous plays of Hebei Opera include Butterfly Cup, Regulator Chopper, Du Shiniang, etc.
7. Jin Opera
Jin Opera, also known as "Zhonglu Bangkas", was developed in Shanxi by Shan-Shaanxi Opera from the junction of Shanxi and Shaanxi, and was formed by combining the characteristics of Shanxi's language. It is now popular in central Shanxi, Inner Mongolia and Hebei. It maintains the characteristics of the clapper clapper with banging knuckles, and the music style is soft and delicate in addition to being high-pitched. The performances are popular and simple. Famous plays include "Playing the Golden Branch", "Small Feast" and "Selling Paintings and Splitting Doors".
8, Pu Opera
Pu Opera, also known as "Puzhou Bangkas", by the Shanxi, Shaanxi junction of the Shan-Shaanxi Bangkas development, a said that this is the original Shan-Shaanxi Bangkas. It is now popular in southwest Shanxi, Shaanxi and Henan, and is similar to Qinqiang in sound and Shaanxi dialect. Famous plays include Hanging Pictures, Killing Dogs, and Killing Stagecoaches.
9, Shangdang Bangkas
Shangdang Bangkas, one of the four major bangkas in Shanxi, was developed from the "Puzhou Bangkas" in southwest Shanxi, and is popular in the Shangdang area in southeast Shanxi. In addition to the clapper, it also sings Kunqu, Pihuang, and Luoluo cavities. The repertoire includes "Three Passes and a Banquet" and "East Gate Meeting".
10, Yan Opera
Yan Opera, also known as the "North Road Opera", developed from the "Puzhou Opera", popular in northern Shanxi and Hebei Zhangjiakou, Inner Mongolia. It is said to have had a great influence on the formation of Hebei Opera. The repertoire includes "Blood Handprint" and "Jinshui Bridge".
11, Qinqiang
Qinqiang, a local opera in Shaanxi Province, also known as "Shaanxi Bangzi", is the earliest Bangzi, formed around the middle of the Ming Dynasty. Its performance is rough and simple, the singing voice is high and exciting, and its voice is like roar, good at showing the tragic plot. The repertoire includes Butterfly Cup, Turtle Mountain, and Three Drops of Blood.
12, two people Taiwan
Two people Taiwan, popular in Inner Mongolia, Shanxi and Hebei Zhangjiakou area of the opera, in Inner Mongolia and Shanxi folk songs and folk tunes on the basis of the formation, and later absorbed the performance of the Jin Opera elements and gradually become ...... >>
Question 6: Where is the Kunqu Opera The origin of the Kunqu Opera
Chinese opera, from the Song and Yuan South Opera to the Jin Yuan Ben, Yuan Miscellaneous Opera, and the gradual advancement of the diffusion. The end of the Yuan peasant revolt, overthrew the feudal rule of the Mongolian
aristocracy, the vast number of people of all ethnic groups in the south, politically free from the yoke of national discrimination, production has
recovery, business is gradually developing. At this time, China's theater has undergone great changes accordingly, the formation of the "northern drama" (Yuan miscellaneous plays
) decline, "southern opera" revival of the phenomenon.
At that time, the main script of the southern opera was the "legend", singing the legend of many voices, the oldest of which is originated in Haiyan, Zhejiang
voice, which is popular in Jiaxing, Huzhou, Wenzhou, Taizhou area, Wanli re-passed to people in Jiangxi, the popular area is more widespread Eagle
cavity, which is distributed in Jiangxi, North and South Beijing, Hunan, Hunan and other areas, and the popularity of the cavity is more widespread. It is popular in Jiangxi, North and South Beijing, Hunan, Fujian, Anhui, Guangdong, Yunnan, Guizhou and other places, more combined with the language and music of each
place and some derivation, Yuyao cavity is popular in Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, as well as Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, Zhenjiang, Yangzhou, Xu
State, Anhui Province, Guizhi, Taihu Lake, etc. In addition, there are Siping cavity, Yiwu cavity, and other places. In addition, there are also the Siping accent, Yiwu accent, Leiping accent, etc., all of which have little influence.
The revival of the southern opera also has a process, the early Ming aristocrats and scholars of the upper class to the northern music for the elegant music, as for the people
between the masses are generally preferred word popular, the story of twists and turns and the complete southern opera. By the time "Jing (Jing Hairpin), Liu
(Liu Zhiyuan White Rabbit), Bay (Wang Ruilan Boudoir Bay Moon Pavilion), kill (Kill Dog)" four major sagas and the Gao Ming (Zecheng)
of the "Pipa" from the words of all aspects of the scene in the popularization of the basis of the considerable improvement, aroused the scholar-class
layer of attention to the "Pipa", which is the first time in the history of the world.
Levels of attention, the southern theater from the square on the high hall of the feast, the value of the day.
"The flow of beautiful and distant, out of the three cavities above" Kunshan cavity, referred to as the Kun cavity, which began in Kunshan in the late Yuan Dynasty, is a
branch of the southern opera. According to Ming? Yufeng (Kunshan) Zhang Guangde's "true record of the day" Volume II of the text recorded "the Yuan Dynasty, there are Gu Jian, although away from
Kunshan 30 miles, living in a thousand dun, good at the South, good at making the ancient fugue. Expanded Kou Timur heard his good song, repeatedly recruited unyielding. With Yang Tiedi
, Gu A Ying, Ni Yuanzhen as friends, self-proclaimed moon and wind scattering people. He wrote "Tao Zhen Yaji" in ten volumes, "Moonlight Scatterer Music House" in eight
volumes in the world, and was good at sending the South Song of the Austrian, so the beginning of the country is known as the Kunshan cavity."
Kunshan cavity in the Ming Dynasty before the Wanli, but also popular in Wuzhong "small set of southern singing" of the Qingqu.
The change and development of the Kunshan accent is in the middle of the Ming Dynasty. In the Jiajing (1522-1566), Longqing (1567-1572) years
between, Jiangxi Yuzhang (Nanchang) Wei Liangfu (the word Shangquan, a word on the spring) living in Taicang Nanguan (in the Yuan Dynasty, under the jurisdiction of Kunshan
). Wei Liangfu was originally a northern opera singer, to Wuzhong, and then committed to the southern opera. He thought that some of the southern opera singing "
rate of flat and unintentional" (simple, or rhythmic drag), so the original Kunshan cavity as the basis for reference to Haiyan, Yuyao, etc.
The advantages of the cavity, and absorbed a number of northern opera singing (should be "rhythmic and staccato, sofic and knotting, stopping, and the sound of the voice, and the sound of the voice.
and absorbed some of the singing styles of the Northern Quartet (i.e., the "staccato, rhythmic, and staccato," stopping, stealing, blowing, following
the cavity, sticking to the tune, and other decorative embellishments, as well as the singing skills of using different tones to portray the characters' personalities and emotions). The Kunshan accent was greatly reformed and
developed by a creative collective that shared the same artistic vision and ideals. Wei Liangfu is very concerned about the singing style of the spitting, over the cavity, the sound, every gain must be to the south of the old singer Da Cang Tohou over
Yun Suo place to ask for advice, seek approval, many times over and over again to modify never get tired of. At the same time, Hebei's Beiju strings and strings of famous Zhang Yutang, with the crime of hair
assigned to Taicang Wei, was Wei Liangfu good song of the daughter recruited as a son-in-law, he assisted Wei "more fixed strings and strings of syllables, so that similar to the southern sound. And change
three strings (shape) style, the body is slightly thin and its drums round, made of wood, the name of the strings (i.e., Kunqu opera and play lyrics used in the "South Strings
"). It is accompanied by the flute, the drum, and the fiddle (a national stringed instrument), and is the characteristic accompaniment of the Kunqu opera.
This new cavity is characterized by the soft and gentle, "call the water mill, beat the cold board. The sound was flat and went up into the euphony, the words were head, belly and tail sound of the Bi even,
...... the mouth was light and round, and the sound was pure and fine." It became a new sound that set the great success of the North and South Qu, "the cavity said 'kunqiang'", "the song name 'time
Qu'". But at this time the Kunqu is still singing, not yet able to reflect the script, the shape of the stage.
Kunqu's move from oratorio to theater began with Liang Chenyu's The Story of Raccoon Veil. Kunshan Liang Chenyu (1519-
1591), known as Shaobai, also known as Qiu Jiwai Shi, was a famous opera writer, who was skilled in poetry and metre. Wei Liangfu change the cavity of the achievements of his
quite encouraged, he often set up a large sitting couch and ...... >>
Question 7: Which province is the local theater of Yueju Opera Yueju Opera
also known as
Shaoxing Opera
, originated in the late Qing Dynasty in
Shengzhou, Zhejiang
(the seat of the ancient state of Yueju and named after it)
, was developed from the local folk songs, and originated in Shanghai and Hangzhou, in
In its development, it has drawn on Kunqu opera,
drama,
Shaoju opera and other specialties.
Yueju Opera
is long in lyricism,
mainly singing, beautiful and melodious voice, performance is really touching, beautiful and elegant, very much Jiangnan
spirit; most of them are based on the theme of the "talented man and beautiful woman", and the art of a variety of genres.
Yueju Opera is one of the five major opera genres in China and the second largest opera genre in the country
, and it was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage
in
2006
May
20
.
20
The State Council approved the listing of the first batch of
national intangible cultural heritage.
Question 8: China's four major operas are the four major is that province can not say which four provinces.
Beijing Opera, produced in Beijing. Popular in the Chinese community around the world;
Yueju Opera, produced in Zhejiang. Mainly popular in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai and other southern regions;
Review of the opera, produced in Tianjin. Mainly popular in Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei and Northeast China;
Huangmei Opera, produced in Anhui. Mainly popular in Hui E and other regions.
Question 9: What are the local opera around China Local theater Local theater popular in certain areas, with local characteristics of the general term of opera. Such as Qinqiang, Sichuan opera, Lu opera, is the opposite of the popular national theater (such as Beijing opera). As a form of traditional cultural expression, "local opera" refers to the form of drama that condenses the folk customs of a certain region and is thus popular among the public in that region. On the one hand, local opera is an important part of China's intangible cultural heritage; on the other hand, local opera is different from other intangible cultural heritage in terms of its special characteristics. This is because the local opera is a "living" form of traditional cultural expression, which not only inherits a certain historical and cultural traditions, but also looks forward to the expression of the spirit of the times to realize the creative transformation of cultural traditions.
[Edit paragraph] Chinese local theater
Chinese opera has a long history and is a unique theatrical art in the world. Due to China's vast territory, many ethnic groups, and different dialects in different parts of the country, a rich and colorful local opera has been formed in addition to the Beijing Opera. According to statistics, there are more than 300 kinds of local operas throughout the country, which can be called the largest in the world. Among them, the more influential are opera, Cantonese opera, Yueju opera, Yu opera, Huangmei opera and so on.
Paiju opera: originated in Tangshan, Hebei Province, it is a local opera popular in Beijing, Tianjin, and all over North China and Northeast China. It was initially developed on the basis of Hebei folk rap "Lotus Flower Drop", and successively absorbed the music and performance forms of other operas and folk raps, forming the opera in the late Qing Dynasty. The opera is characterized by its liveliness, freedom and rich life atmosphere, and it is good at performing modern life. Famous actors and actresses include Xiao Bai Yushang, Xin Fengxia, etc., and their representative repertoire includes Qin Xianglian, Little Son-in-Law and Liu Qiao'er.
Cantonese Opera: It is the main type of opera in Guangdong Province, mainly popular in Guangdong, Guangxi and southern Fujian. Overseas Chinese, Chinese, Hong Kong and Macao compatriots residing in Southeast Asia, America, Europe and Oceania are also very fond of Cantonese opera. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, many Chinese operas were introduced to Guangdong, and the vocal cadences of these operas were combined with Cantonese music and folk tunes to form a new opera genre, Cantonese Opera. Cantonese Opera is sung in the Cantonese dialect and has developed its own unique style. Famous actors and actresses include Hongxiannu, Ma Shi Zeng, etc. Representative plays include "Searching for the Academy", "Guan Hanqing", and so on.
Yueju Opera: originated in the Shaoxing area of Zhejiang Province, where the ancient Yueju Kingdom is located, it is the main local opera in Zhejiang Province, popular in Zhejiang, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Anhui and other places. Formed in the late Qing Dynasty, Yueju Opera was initially performed by all male actors and actresses, and then developed into an all-female show in the 1930's. Yueju Opera has a melodious singing style and is performed by all female actors and actresses. With its euphonious singing and delicate and lyrical performances, Yueju Opera has become a major opera genre, second only to Beijing Opera. Famous actors and actresses include Yuan Xuefen, Wang Wenjuan, and Xu Yulan, and their representative repertoires include Dream of the Red Chamber, Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai, and so on.
Yu Opera: It is the main local opera of Henan Province, also called Henan Bangzi and Henan Gaoxiao, popular in Henan and the neighboring provinces, with a history of more than 300 years. It has a history of more than three hundred years. The vocal cadences of Yu opera, some high and lively, some sad and lingering, are capable of performing a variety of styles of drama, and there are more than six hundred and fifty traditional dramas, which have been developed into a nationally influential type of drama. Famous actors and actresses include Chang Xiangyu and Niu Degrassi, etc., and their representative plays include Mu Guiying Hanging up the Marshalship, The Red Queen, Seven Sesame Officers, Mulan, and Chaoyang Gully.
Huangmei Opera: is one of the local theater in Anhui Province, known as Huangmei tune in the old days, mainly popular in Anhui and Jiangxi, Hubei, part of the region. Huangmei Opera originated in Hubei Huangmei tea songs, after the introduction of Anhui Anqing area, and absorbed the local folk music, the development of the formation of this theater. Huangmei Opera is characterized by songs and dances, melodious singing, simple and beautiful performances, and a strong sense of life, and is generally welcomed by the people. Famous actors and actresses include Yan Fengying, Wang Shaofang, and Malan, etc. The traditional repertoire of the opera includes "The Match of Heavenly Immortals", "Female Emperor's Son-in-law", and "The Cowherd and the Weaving Maiden".
Shanghai Opera: It is a local opera in Shanghai, belonging to the Wu language area. The origin of Shanghai Opera is the "Little Mountain Song". In 1914, Shao Wenbin, Shi Lanting, Ding Shaolan and others initiated the organization of "Zhenxinji", engaged in the improvement of the local beach, and renamed it "Shenqu" (申曲). "In 1941, Shanghai Shanghai Opera Society was founded, and began to rename it as Shanghai Opera. The outstanding plays include "Rohan Qian", "Ludang Fire", "The Encounter of a Star", and so on.
Lv Opera: It is a local opera in Shandong Province, China. It used to be called "make-up yangqin" or "yangqin opera", which evolved from the folk rap art "Shandong yangqin".
Nuo opera in Chizhou
Nuo opera in Chizhou originated from the consciousness of totem worship, mainly circulated in the foothills of the Jiuhua Mountain, the holy land of Buddhism in China, a hundred kilometers in the vicinity of the Guiqi, Shitai and Qingyang counties (districts). ...... >>
Question 10: "Autumn River" is a local opera in which region of China "Autumn River" is a legendary work of the Chinese Ming Dynasty, "The Jade Hairpin" in a play. The Jade Hairpin, by the Ming Dynasty opera writer and famous bibliophile Gao Lian, is regarded as one of the top ten traditional comedies. The story is about the love and marriage of Chen Miaochang, a Taoist nun, and Pan Bizheng, a scholar. A young girl, Chen Jiao Lian, was separated from her family when the Jin soldiers came south and became a Taoist nun at the Jinling Women's Chaste Temple under the name of Miao Chang. When Pan Bizheng, the nephew of the master of the temple, fails in the examination, he passes by the Lady's Chaste Temple, and after some twists and turns, such as a tea ceremony, a piano picking, and a poem stealing, Chen and Pan privately unite, and eventually become united in matrimony. The Sichuan Opera "Autumn River" was developed independently from the Kunqu opera "The Jade Hairpin" in the play "Chasing Farewell". The Jade Hairpin is the love story of Pan Bizheng, a scholar, and Chen Miaochang, a nun, during the Southern Song Dynasty. The play was written by Gao Lian during the Wanli reign of the Ming Dynasty, and was later adapted into various local operas, which not only enriched the storytelling, but also changed the lyrics, adding more color to the folk art than the Kunqu version. For example, the Sichuan opera "Chen Gu Catch Pan" has developed into a unique
The album of "Autumn River"
The form of the play is the best proof of this development.
The story is summarized as follows: The old nun of the "Female Chaste Guan" (some call it the "White Cloud Nunnery") is Pan Bizheng's aunt. The story goes as follows: "The old nun of the "Female Chastity Guan" (or "White Cloud Nunnery" as some call it) is Pan Bizheng's aunt, and Pan is in love with the nun Miaocheng. Before Pan could say goodbye to Miaochang, he was forced to go to Lin'an. After learning of this, Miaosheng rushed to the river and drove a boat after him. The Autumn River is the scene in which Miaosheung rushes Pan in his boat, and only Miaosheung and a boatman appear in this scene. The boatman is a witty and delightful old man, who sees that Miaosheung is in a hurry to catch up with Pan, so he gives a little hindrance and makes a little joke. But fortunately, his boat is fast and he is sure to catch up. Gao Lian's "The Jade Hairpin" on this section of the description is very simple, to put it plainly but a hundred words.