The Goddess of the Danube--Austria's Capital Vienna
The world-famous city--Austria's capital Vienna (Vienna) is located in the middle of the Vienna Basin in the northern foothills of the Alps in northeastern Austria, surrounded by mountains on three sides and surrounded by the famous Vienna Forest. Surrounded by mountains on three sides, the Danube River runs through the city, surrounded by the famous Vienna Forest. It covers an area of 414.5 square kilometers. Population 1.563 million (2000)), accounting for more than one-fifth of the country's population. It is the political, economic and cultural center of Austria and the capital of Lower Austria. Railroad hub from Western Europe to the Balkans, port on the Danube.
It was a Celtic settlement in BC. In the 1st century AD, the Romans built a castle here. In 881 A.D., the first recorded as "Vinia", the twelfth century became a center of crafts and commerce, the end of the thirteenth century to 1918 was the capital of the Habsburg dynasty, and later was the capital of Austria. 1137 for the Austrian principality of the first Euphrates. 13th century, with the rise of the Habsburg royal family, the development of the rapid, magnificent Gothic After the 15th century, it became the capital of the Holy Roman Empire and the economic center of Europe. 18th century, Maria Theresia and her son were keen on reforms during their reign, combating the power of the church and promoting social progress, and at the same time, brought about a boom in the arts, so that Vienna gradually became the center of classical music in Europe, and gained the name of "Music City. "Since 1945, Vienna has been administered by the Soviet Union, the United States, Britain and France, and the troops of the four countries withdrew after the signing of the peace treaty with Austria in 1955.
Vienna is known as the "Goddess of the Danube". The environment is beautiful and the scenery is attractive. The winters are mild and the summers are cool. Eastern Alps branch of the Vienna Woods Mountain stretches in the western suburbs, green forests. West of the mountain is a gorgeous residential area, gardens and vineyards around. The Danube River flows through the city, the water is blue and the mountains are beautiful, picturesque. Climbing the foothills of the Alps in the west of the city, the undulating "Vienna Woods" as far as the eye can see; east of the city facing the Danube Basin, you can see the Carpathian Mountains shining green peaks. North of the wide meadows like a large green felt, the sparkling blue Danube River meandering through the middle. Houses are built along the mountains, with heavy buildings and distinct layers. Climbing high and looking far away, various styles of church buildings to the green hills and blue water of the city covered with a layer of ancient and solemn color. The city streets were radial ring, 50 meters wide, both sides of the shade of the ring within the avenue for the inner city. The inner city cobblestone streets, criss-crossed, few high-rise houses, mostly Baroque, Gothic and Romanesque buildings. The spires of the medieval St. Stefan's Cathedral and the Twin Towers Church tower into the clouds, and its south tower is 138 meters high, overlooking the city. The Chambrun Palace, the summer residence of the Habsburgs, has Greek architecture, statues and fountains. There are large parks on the Danube River and on the island between the Danube Canal, the State Opera House built in 1869, known as the world's center of opera, and the 57-meter-wide, 4-kilometer-long Ringstrasse built in 1857, lined with museums, city halls, the Parliament, the University and the State Opera House, making it one of Europe's most scenic urban corridors. Between the ring road and another parallel ring road for the middle layer, this area for the commercial district, residential areas, but also palaces, churches and other interstitial construction. Outside the second ring road is the outer layer, with elegant parks, beautiful villas and other palaces in the western part of the city. Among these palaces, the Sch?nbrunn Palace in the southwestern part of the city attracts attention as a relic of the prosperous period in Austrian history. In the south-east of the city, the "Belvedere Palace" was built in the early 18th century by the Emperor Karl for Prince Eugen, who fought against the Turkish invasion. Tourism is well developed. The northeastern and southern suburbs are industrial zones with metallurgy, machinery, automobiles, railroad cars, chemicals and other sectors, and more than half of the country's clothing and printing output.
The name of Vienna has always been linked to music. Many musical masters, such as Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven, Schubert, father and son Johann Strauss, Griuk and Brahms spent many years of their musical career here. Haydn's Emperor Quartet, Mozart's Marriage of Figaro, Beethoven's Symphony of Fate, Symphony of the Fields, Moonlight Sonata, Heroic Symphony, Schubert's Swan Song, Winterreise, Johann Strauss's The Blue Danube, Tales of the Vienna Woods, and other famous pieces of music were all born here. Their statues stand in many parks and squares, and many streets, auditoriums and conference halls are named after these musicians. The homes and graves of the musicians are visited and honored all year round. Today, Vienna has the world's most luxurious State Opera House, the famous Music Hall and the first-class level of symphony orchestra. The New Year's concert is held every year on January 1 in the Golden Hall of the Friends of Music in Vienna.
In addition to New York and Geneva, Vienna is the third United Nations city. 1979 built the Austrian International Center, also known as the "United Nations City", magnificent, is the concentration of many United Nations agencies. It was once the seat of the central institutions of the Habsburg dynasty, which dominated Europe for a long time; in 1814, the Austrian Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs, Metternich, exerted his political power of intrigue and deception in the long-drawn-out Congress of Vienna; and in 1815, the emperors of Russia, the United States and Austria concluded the so-called "Holy Alliance" in an attempt to extinguish the bourgeois revolution; In 1848, under the influence of the European Revolution, a barricade battle took place in Vienna, and Metternich fled to London; in 1867, it became the capital of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, a great power in Europe; in the early 1930s, Hitler leaped to become the leader of the German Nazis, and led his army into Vienna in March 1938, which kicked off the Second World War, and the city was bombed 53 times during the war, and many classical buildings were destroyed; in 1955, it was destroyed. Classical buildings were destroyed; in May 1955, the Soviet Union, the United States, Britain, France, four countries and Austria in the "Belvedere Palace" conference hall signed the "re-establishment of an independent and democratic Austrian State Treaty", thus ending the 10-year-long state of occupation of the four countries; October 16, 1955, the Austrian Parliament declared the constitutionality of laws "permanent neutrality", and this day was designated as the National Day.
Austria is called "the heart of Europe", and Vienna is "the heart of the heart". Since ancient times, Vienna has been a transportation hub linking Eastern and Western Europe and an important gateway between the Baltic Sea and the Adriatic Sea.
Vienna - a city of history and culture: Vienna is always full of colorful and fascinating cultural programs. Whether it's classical music or modern theater, movies, choreographies or operas, musicals, art exhibitions or concerts and concerts - whenever you visit, you'll be able to discover and impress. You can also relax over a cup of coffee in one of the world-famous, atmospheric Viennese cafés or visit one of the leading traditional wine farms (Heurige). In Vienna you can also taste the delicious culinary techniques of the European countries.
Vienna - the capital of music: for centuries music has been inseparable from Vienna, and closely linked to it. It is the mecca of musical geniuses Mozart, Beethoven, Schubert and Johann Strauss. Vienna's long musical heritage continues to this day. The world-famous Vienna Symphony Orchestra and the Vienna Children's Choir are always applauded by packed audiences on their world tours. The Vienna Conservatory of Music continues to produce musicians who stand out in the international music scene. In addition to this, Vienna's vibrant and contemporary music scene and venues attract a lot of young people. If you like music, Vienna is a place you won't want to forget.
History and population
At the beginning of the 20th century, Vienna was the world's sixth-largest city; its population grew rapidly during the Austro-Hungarian Empire (1867-1918), when it was populated by immigrants from other parts of the empire. After World War I, many Czechs returned to their homeland, which led to the city's depopulation. During the next period of immigration, about a third of the population had Slavic and Hungarian surnames.
1,
Haydn's Emperor Quartet, Mozart's The Marriage of Figaro, Beethoven's Symphony of Fate, Symphony of the Fields, Moonlight Sonata, and Symphony of the Heroes, Schubert's Swan Song and Winterreise, and Johann Strauss's The Blue Danube, and Tales from the Vienna Woods
2,
Wolfgang . Amadeus . Mozart was an Austrian composer recognized as the greatest musical genius of all time. He was a composer as well as a keyboard instrumentalist, violinist, guttural violinist, and conductor.
He was four years old when he showed excellent compositional talent, more valuable is that he not only composes very fast, but also creates a very high level of music. Mozart's life works, known as: twenty operas, more than forty symphonies, more than fifty concertos, twenty-seven string quartets, etc. *** counted 622 works. Mozart's music works in the fresh and bright rhythm, pleasant melody, elegant and solemn temperament, so that his music is like the sound of heaven. People say that the beauty of Mozart's music is unrivaled in ancient and modern times.
. Mozart Chronology.
1756 Born in Salzburg on January 27th.
1762 Tours the countries of Europe with his sister and father.
Arrived in London in April 1764, where his three earliest symphonies were composed.
1767 Does the opera The False and Foolish Sister.
1768 Opera Baskin and Bastien.
1770 In December, the opera Mithridates, King of Bendu, premiered in Milan, causing a sensation.
1780 Does the opera Idomeneo, King of Crete, which is performed in January 1781 in Munich.
1782 In August, the opera "Harem Seduction" premiered.
1785 Dedicates six string quartets to Haydn. Wrote The Marriage of Figaro.
1786 The Marriage of Figaro is premiered in Vienna.
1787 Symphony No. 38 in D major (K.504) premiered in Prague to great acclaim.
1787 Completion of the opera Don Giovanni, two string quintets and the Serenade for Strings in G major.
1788 In May, he began to write the last three symphonies, which were completed on August 10th.
1789 In the fall of 1789, he began to write the opera The Heart of a Woman
1791 He began to write the opera The Magic Flute, which he nearly finished in July.
1791 Adaptation of the opera Ditto's Mercy, after which he begins writing the Requiem.
1791 Died December 5th. Requiem completed by his pupil Süssmayr.
Beethoven
Ludwig Van Beethoven was born in Bonn in 1770 and died in Vienna in 1827. He was born into a musical family that originated in Entwerpen, where his grandfather was an orchestra conductor in Bonn and his father was a tenor singer. The first gentleman to influence Beethoven was Niffy. A songwriter and comedian who served as assistant conductor of the Bonn orchestra, Neefy taught Beethoven Bach's even-tempered piano pieces and introduced the childhood Beethoven to the community with piano works that undoubtedly contributed to Beethoven's growth.In 1792, Beethoven, after renewed study, especially at the piano, decided to devote himself entirely to composition. Beethoven's major works in his life include:
1800 Symphony No. 1 in G flat key
1802 Symphony No. 2 in D flat key
1804 Heroic Symphony
1805 Opera Fidelio
1806 Symphony in B flat key
1807 Symphony No. 5 in C flat key
1807 Symphony No. 5 in C short key
1807 Symphony No. 5 in C short key
1808 Pastoral Symphony
1812 Symphony No. 7 in A flat and Symphony No. 8 in F flat
1814 Fidelio's Third Revision
1818 Sonata for bell-ringing piano
1818/1823 Solemn Mass in D flat
1823 Symphony No. 9 in D short Symphony No. 9
1824/1826 The last quartets
- Introduction to Beethoven (Biography of Beethoven)
- The Complete Beethoven Symphonies
- Introduction to Beethoven and the Moonlight Sonata
- Introduction to Beethoven's Life and Influence
- Beethoven Symphonies Beethoven Symphony No. 3 in E major ( Heroes)
- The story of Beethoven's piano piece "To Alice"
- Preface to Beethoven's Biography Beethoven's Later Years
- Beethoven's Symphony No. 9: Symphony No. 9 in D Minor (Chorale)
- A Brief Biography of Beethoven: Life and Times
- Beethoven's Musical Life and Musical Creation
- Beethoven, the Star of my Heart Beethoven, the star of my heart
- Beethoven's Overture to Grimaud Beethoven's Symphony of Fate
- Beethoven's Opera: Fidelio
- The Centennial of Beethoven's Death
- Beethoven Symphonies Beethoven's Piano Sonatas
- Beethoven's Residence Beethoven's Fifth Symphony, "Fate"
- Beethoven's Piano Sonata: The Name of the Piano Sonatas
- Beethoven's Life and Musical Creation
- The Life and Musical Creations of Beethoven Beethoven's Piano Sonatas: A Collection
- Beethoven (Beethoven's Introduction, Beethoven's Works, and Beethoven's Biography)
Johann Strauss
Austrian composer, conductor, and violinist of light music. Born in Vienna to a musical family. Same name as his father. Young Strauss grew up very much in love with music. Influenced by his father's music.
Johann Strauss (Yuehan.shitelaosi Johann Strauss , 1825--1899)
Introduction
Austrian light music composer, conductor, violinist. Born in Vienna to a musical family. Shares the same name with his father. Strauss Jr. grew up with a great love of music. Influenced by his father's musical cultivation. The old Strauss is the court ballroom music director, and will create, famous in Europe. But the old Strauss knew that the music industry, especially the light music industry is very competitive, if you want to succeed is not easy. At the age of seven, he had already composed a ballade and was learning to play the violin over his father's objections. When he graduated from high school, his father enrolled him in an industrial school, but he was determined to make it in the music business. Fortunately, his mother quietly bought him instruments and took money for his lessons. When his father found out, he was furious and reprimanded his mother, and it came to a point where the couple separated. After graduating from technical school and working in a bank in a job he was bored with but had to do, at the age of 19, he conducted a performance of his father's music and his own works in Vienna, in which his father's music was still very successful and his own works returned six times to a warm welcome. This successful performance sealed young Strauss's fate. Thereafter, his father no longer opposed his determination to become a musician. After his father's death, he became his own conductor and composer, leading his orchestra on tours all over Europe, right up to Russia, and in 1863 he became conductor of the Court Ballroom. His most famous works include The Beautiful Blue Danube, The Career of an Artist, Songs of Wine and Women, Viennese Temperament, Tales of the Vienna Woods, Vienna Sweets, and Voices of Spring, and more than 120 Viennese round dances, which are regarded as "The King of the Round Dance", and his father, Strauss Sr. His father, Strauss Sr. was known as the "Father of the Round Dance". He also composed more than 120 other dances, such as "Thunder and Lightning", etc. In 1870, after he was 45 years old, he wrote 16 light operas, such as: "The Bat", "Roman Carnival", "Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves", "The Gypsy Baron", etc., which laid the foundation for the formation of the Viennese light operas.
There is an interesting story about the creation of The Blue Danube. Once, Johann Strauss came home and changed a dirty shirt. His wife noticed that the shirt had pentameter written all over the sleeves. Knowing that her husband had recorded it in a moment of inspiration, she put the shirt aside. When she returned a few minutes later, she was about to give it to her husband when she realized that the shirt had disappeared. It turned out that the washerwoman had taken it, along with other dirty clothes, the moment she left. Not knowing where the washerwoman lived, she searched everywhere in her car, running around for half a day with no luck. In a moment of despair, an old woman in a hotel led her to the washerwoman's cottage. She rushed in and saw the washerwoman about to throw the shirt into a bucket full of soapy water. Hastily grabbing the washerwoman's arm, she snatched up the dirty shirt and saved the precious sheet music on its sleeve, which was none other than Johann Strauss's monumental "Blue Danube" Waltz.
The Strauss family was a famous musical family in nineteenth-century Vienna, Austria. However, we now generally refer to the composer Strauss, father and son, as Johann Strauss Sr. (1804-1849) and his three sons - Johann Strauss Jr. (1825-1899), Joseph Strauss (1827 -(1827-1870) and Edward Strauss (1835-1916). The words "Sr." and "Jr." were added later. Because both father and son were named John. In order to distinguish between them, had to be added in front of the name of the "old", "small" so two words.
Johann Strauss Sr. was born on March 14, 1804, in Vienna. His grandfather's name was Wolf, a Hungarian who originally lived in Leopoldstadt, also along the Danube, not too far from Vienna. His father, Franz, played the violin, and later the family moved to Vienna, where Johann Strauss the Elder was influenced by his father to learn the violin at school, and later to study with the Vienna Opera violinist, Iglaz von Wyllie, who played viola in the popular dance orchestra of Mischa?l Panp??? from 1817 onwards, and then in 1819 in the Viennese Waltz Orchestra of Josef Rainer, sometimes as a conductor. In 1825 he married Maria Anna Streim and had three sons, at which time he left Lerner to form an orchestra of his own, for which he wrote a number of pieces, and on September 25, 1849, Johann Strauss the Elder died in Vienna at the age of forty-five.
During his lifetime, Johann Strauss the Elder wrote more than one hundred and fifty round dances and dozens of polkas and marches. But his greatest achievement was that, together with the composer Joseph Lanner, he ****together laid the foundations of the Viennese round dance. Before them, round dances were slower, with three beats of the same time value in a measure; whereas in the Viennese round dance, the second and third beats are often dragged out a bit longer, and the tempo is generally in a minor Allegro. Structurally speaking, the Viennese Waltz is more complex than the general waltz, which consists of a prelude, three to five mini-waltzes and a coda, and each mini-waltz has two melodies, which are repeated to form a single two-part or single three-part form. The content of the music is also more profound, therefore, Johann Strauss Sr. is called "the father of the ballad".
Although Johann Strauss wrote hundreds of round dances and dozens of polkas and marches, the most influential and popular of his works is the Radetzky March. The piece was written by Johann Strauss Sr. in 1848 and cataloged as Op. 228.
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3. Song
4.
Walking Tales of the Vienna Woods
[Edit] Overview of the piece<
The Vienna Woods Tales Ballade, Op. 325 (G'schichten aus dem Wienerwald, Walzer op. 325) is another masterpiece of Johann Strauss Jr. after the ballade "Blue Danube". Completed in 1868, it was first performed in Vienna on June 19 of the same year, conducted by the author himself.
[Edit paragraph]Background
There is a beautiful forest on the outskirts of Vienna, the capital of Austria, which is not far from the city and has always attracted millions of visitors. This forest is also frequented by many great composers living in Vienna, and the beauty of the forest often inspires them. Johann Strauss Jr. was a true Viennese, and "Tales of the Vienna Woods" is his hymn to his homeland. In order to give the piece a strong local flavor, the author made an exception in the orchestra by adding the Austrian folk instrument, the zither (Zither, a plucked string instrument).
[edit]Appreciation of the piece
The piece consists of a prelude, five rounds and a coda, and its structure is typical of the Viennese Waltz style. The piece begins with a long prelude. The melody of the two horns depicts a beautiful and moving landscape, while the oboe and clarinet play a lyrical and fluid tune, like a shepherd's song and a hornpipe. The ringing of bells adds much luster to the music. Then the cello slowly plays the motif of the theme of the first ballad, which serves as an introduction to the whole piece. The rich tones of the cello, the beautiful pastoral song of the horn, and the luscious decorative syllables of the flute form an extremely beautiful and colorful sound picture that is very elegant and moving. The addition of the zither adds a strong Austrian flavor, and this characteristic instrument plays the main melody in this ballad, soft and gorgeous, as if the morning sun shines through the fog into the Viennese forests, accompanied by the gentle chirping of the birds.
The first ballad, in F major, depicts the beauty of the forest in the early morning, and the scene of people singing and dancing.
The second ballad is in B-flat major and is presented by the cello. The main theme is almost identical to the one played by the kirtan in the prelude, but it is much faster and more danceable.
The Third Waltz is in E-flat major, in three-part form. It still depicts a forest scene.
The Fourth Round Dance is in B-flat major, in two-part form. The first half is light and fluid, with a leaping melody; the second half is lively and elegant, with an engaging accompaniment.
The Fifth Waltz is in E-flat major, and this part is not only lively, but also very rhythmic, making the whole piece reach its climax.
The finale is a long one, with the themes of the Fourth, First and Second Dances appearing in turn; the melodic "zither" of the prelude reappears; and the finale features the orchestra. All this is a summary, recalling once again the beauty of the Viennese forests.
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