Ruins of Zhoukoudian
Ruins of Zhoukoudian national key cultural relics protection units, the world cultural heritage. Located in the southwest of Beijing Fangshan District, Zhoukoudian Village, Dragon Bone Hill. Its ancient human ruins were discovered in 1927, and now there are 25 sites, including from 600,000 years ago to more than 10,000 years ago in a number of periods. 1929 Pei Wenzhong found the skull of "Peking Man". Peking Man" was active in Zhoukoudian from about 600,000 years ago to more than 200,000 years ago. 6 fossilized skulls, 157 teeth, and many other bones belonging to more than 40 individuals were found. In 1930, the site of "Shanding Cave Man" was discovered, and three fossilized human skulls were unearthed, as well as many other fossilized bones belonging to more than a dozen individuals, whose cultures belonged to the Late Paleolithic period. 1967 saw the discovery of "Xindong Man", whose culture was between the Peking Man and the
Shanding Cave Man.
Wangfujing Late Paleolithic Site
The Wangfujing Late Paleolithic Site is located on the east side of Wangfujing, Dongcheng District, Beijing. it was discovered in mid-December 1996 at a depth of 12 meters below the site of Oriental Square. The site is divided into two layers, the lower layer is about 220,000 years ago, the site area of hundreds of square meters, unearthed stone tools, animal bones nearly 1,000 pieces, charcoal pits, for a residence on the plains. The upper layer of the site is about 1 meter above the lower layer of the site, the age of the site is later than the lower layer of the site, and very few relics have been found, but it shows that human beings have been active in this area more than once. The discovery of this site is of great significance to the study of prehistoric human activities in Beijing.
Lulihe Site
Lulihe Site is a national key cultural relics protection unit. It is located in Liulihe Township, Fangshan District, southwest of Beijing. The site is 3.5 kilometers from east to west and 1.5 kilometers from north to south. For the Shang and Zhou period of important sites, including the ancient city site, burial area, living site three parts. Ancient city site is located in the middle of the site, the ground still exists in the north wall and the northern half of the east-west wall, the north wall is 829 meters long, the north section of the east-west wall still exists about 300 meters, the age of the city is about in the early Western Zhou Dynasty. Burial area is located in the southeast of the city, to the village of Huangtupo most concentrated, the tomb is divided into large, medium and small three types, all for the rectangular vertical hole barrow, small and medium-sized tombs have two layers of cooked soil platform, large tombs more than two tomb passage. The small-sized tombs are mainly pottery, the medium-sized tombs are mainly bronze, and the large-sized tombs are mostly stolen. The combination of ceramics is li, gui and jars. Quite a few bronze cast "" inscription, unearthed cordial tripod and Bo矩鬲is extremely valuable bronze ritual boutique. In recent years, the oracle bone engraved with "Cheng Zhou" text, for determining the age of Yandu city site provides strong evidence, is the "summer, business and Zhou dynasty project" important harvest. Residential area is located in the city and the west, there are houses, cellars, ash pits, wells and other sites. Now the site area has established the Western Zhou Yandu Ruins Museum.
Doudian Tucheng
Doudian Tucheng Beijing cultural relics protection units. Located in Doudian Town, Fangshan District, southwest of Beijing. It is an ancient city of Beijing that has been preserved more completely from the Warring States period to the Western Han Dynasty. The city is rectangular, divided into inner and outer two layers, the inner city is built of rammed earth, the outer Guo is piled up earth enclosure. The inner city is about 1,100 meters long from east to west and 860 meters wide from north to south, while the outer gate is about 1,200 meters long from east to west and 960 meters wide from north to south. At the corner of the southwestern corner, there is still a wall as high as 8 meters, with a width of about 17 meters at the bottom and about 2.5 meters at the top, and the layers of rammed earth are obvious. Inside the city against the west wall there is a sub-city, rectangular, east-west length of about 400 meters, north-south width of about 300 meters. Inside and outside the city are rich in relics, there are a large number of beans, pots, jars and other artifacts pottery pieces.?
Yuhuangmiao Mountain Rong tomb site
Yuhuangmiao Mountain Rong tomb site Beijing cultural relics protection units. Located in the northwest of Beijing Yanqing County Jin Jiabao township Yuhuangmiao village. 1985 began to explore and excavation, *** cleaned up more than 200 burials. Unearthed a variety of exquisite gold, bronze, agate, turquoise, pottery, bone, mussels, stoneware and other more than 6000 pieces. The cultural connotation has strong regional characteristics, bronze daggers, bronze short swords, etc. are extremely characteristic. The discovery of the tomb group provides valuable information for the study of the geographic distribution, age of life, cultural characteristics, burial system, economic patterns, military activities, social structure, and the production of ancient weapons of the Shanrong people of the northern part of China in ancient times, and enriches the study of the ancient history of Beijing and the history of the peoples of Beijing. It is now opened as the Shanrong Culture Exhibition Hall.?
Dabaotai Western Han Tomb Ruins
Dabaotai Western Han Tomb Ruins is a Beijing cultural relics protection unit. Located in the southwest of Beijing city fengtai district huaxiang. 1974 ~ 1975 years of excavation, found that the west han yan king (or guangyang king) tomb and its queen tomb, are large wooden coffin tomb king tomb southward, for the mound vertical cave tomb; tomb on the mouth of the north-south length of 26.8 meters, east-west width of 21.2 meters, the bottom of the mouth of the length of 23.2 meters, width of 18 meters, depth of 4.7 meters, to the south there are more than 30 meters of long tomb passageway. The tomb is a wooden structure building, consisting of a tomb passage, a tunnel, an outer corridor, an inner corridor, a front room and a back room. The center of the tomb room is the Zigong, the room, yellow intestines title to get together. There are five coffins, two coffins and three coffins. The yellow intestines are made of more than 15,800 cypress squares of 10 centimeters by 10 centimeters by 90 centimeters. This scale of the Western Han dynasty vassal king's palace for the first time unearthed in China. The well-preserved remains of horse and cart burials are the only ones in China. It is now the Dabaotai Western Han Tomb Museum.
Tangshan Huludong Ancient Human Fossil Site (Nanjing Human Fossil Site)
Tangshan Huludong Ancient Human Fossil Site (Nanjing Human Fossil Site)
Tangshan Huludong Ancient Human Fossil Site (Nanjing Human Fossil Site)
Jiangsu Provincial Cultural Relics Protection Unit. Located in nanjing about 30 kilometers east of jiangning county town of tangshan leigongshan huludong. 1993 jiangning county in the leigongshan cave tourism development excavation, in the hole found in the ape fossil skull 2, fossil teeth 1 and some animal fossils. The Nanjing Museum cooperated with the Department of Archaeology of Peking University to carry out scientific excavations. Research and identification results show that Nanjing people live in the geological era for the middle Pleistocene, about 350,000 years ago, in the physical development stage should belong to the human evolution of Homo erectus stage. The position of Nanjing Man in the evolutionary sequence of ancient human beings in China should be in the late stage of the Beijing Man period, and earlier than the Anhui Hexian Man. Nanjing Homo erectus unearthed is China's ancient human and the Paleolithic archaeological field of important discoveries, has great significance.?
Stone City Ruins
Stone City Ruins of Jiangsu Province cultural relics protection units. Located in Nanjing city west trunk road Hugu Road 87. Area of 19 hectares. In 333 B.C., Chu Wei Wang set up Jinling Eup in this, built the city stone mountain. In the 17th year of Jian'an (212) of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Sun Quan changed Moling to Jianye, and built a stone city on the stone hill at the former site of Jinling Eup, with stone warehouses and stone libraries to store ordnance, food and other materials. The stone warehouse and stone storehouse were built inside the stone city to store armaments, food and other materials. Eastern Jin Dynasty, Yi Xi years, brick city, built "into the Han building", is still a military town. The end of the Tang Dynasty and then repair stone city, built on the mountain, because the river for the pool, the situation is dangerous, the ancient "stone city of the tiger's nest," said. Ming Hongwu nineteen years (1386) to build the ancient city of Nanjing will be surrounded by the city, the city wall still exists today, the beacon tower, the remains of the levy pavilion can still be found. 1992 in the ruins of the stone city built on the site of a small park open to the public.
Chaotian Palace
Chaotian Palace in Jiangsu Province cultural relics protection units. Located in the west end of jianye road, nanjing city, metallurgical mountain. Covering an area of 35,000 square meters. Sitting north to south, built on the mountain. This place for the Spring and Autumn period, the former site of Wu Yecheng, Eastern Jin Dynasty, Taiyuan 15 years (390) Xiaowu Emperor built Yecheng Temple, Liu Song in the Southern Dynasty, the creation of the "General Ming Guan". Since then, there has been a succession of generations. Ming Hongwu years renovated and renamed Chaotian Palace. Whenever there are major pilgrimages and sacrifices, civil and military officials learn etiquette here. Qing Tongzhi five years (1866) rebuilt, changed to the Temple of Literature, and attached to the government school on the east side. The main buildings are: 10,000-feet palace wall, latticework door, halberd gate, Dacheng Hall, Hall of Sages, and the back of the mountain, Jingyi Pavilion, Feiyun Pavilion, Feixia Pavilion, Royal Tablet Pavilion and so on. Chaotian Palace's architectural scale, majestic, is China's Jiangnan existing a larger set of Ming Dynasty buildings. It is now the seat of Nanjing Museum.
Paosheng Temple Pagoda
Paosheng Temple Pagoda Jiangsu Province cultural relics protection units. Located 110 kilometers south of nanjing city gaochun county double tower township. Tower garden covers an area of more than 4700 square meters. Built in the Three Kingdoms East Wu Chi Wu two years (239). Tang Zhenyuan seventeen years (801) built Bao Sheng Temple, a larger scale, there are the gate, hall, Bao Sheng Tower, Guanyin Hall and other buildings, the temple has long been destroyed. The existing tower for the Song Shaoxing four years (1134) rebuilt. Pagoda four seven levels, commonly known as the "four sides of the pagoda", for the brick body wooden eaves pavilion type, a height of 31.5 meters. Pagoda body without seat, the ground floor surrounded by corridor, each layer are waist around the eaves and flat seat, the ground floor and the seven layer of the four sides of the door, the rest of the door are relatively open, the door position of each layer of the upper and lower phase flash. Because the tower body layer by layer, plus the waist eaves gently, the brake tip towering, so that the shape of the tower upright and slender. Although by the Ming and Qing dynasties many times repair, now most of the components are still Song Dynasty relics.
South dynasty mausoleum stone carving
South dynasty mausoleum stone carving national key cultural relics protection units. Nanjing City, the existing stone carvings of the Southern Dynasties mausoleums *** there are 19 43 pieces, distributed on both sides of the Ningqi Highway and Jiangning County, southeast of the fields. The earliest mausoleums date from the third year of Liu Song Yongchu (422). There are 3 imperial tombs, 9 princely tombs and 7 lost tombs. In front of the tombs, there are sacred paths, stone pillars, stone monuments and stone beasts, which are divided into three kinds: Tianlu, Qilin and Paixie. Its shape is tall, head high, chest, mouth open tongue spit, carved on both sides of the wings, four feet before and after the staggered, like a vertical step as if flying, just like the town of the beasts of God. Song Emperor Liu Yu Ning Mausoleum stone beasts in front of the East Tianlu, West Kirin, now well-preserved. Two stone carvings 24 meters apart, 3 meters high, 3 meters long, 1.2 meters wide. Stone beast ring eye open mouth, tongue upturned, frontal hair hanging chest, two wings carved scaly wing pattern, all over the body bristles such as hooks, knife pen exquisite, skillful, unique style. Shinto stone columns first Xiao Jing tomb stone carvings, existing stone evil spirits, stone columns each one. Pillar height of 6.5 meters, the head of a disk-shaped lid, the lid is perched on a small head of evil, vivid image. Pillar body round, the upper part of the forehead, engraved with the reverse script script "Liang late service in the General in the General open the House Yi Tong three Secretary Wu Zhong Hou Xiao Shen Dao", the column body engraved with 20 melon prong pattern. This column is an important work of stone carving art of the Southern Dynasties. Xiao tombstone has the forehead, body, tortoise instep three parts, 5.61 meters high, 1.6 meters wide, 0.32 meters thick. The forehead is engraved with "the tablet of Shixing Zhongwu Wang, the late general of Liang, who was the general of the service of the Sisters of the Emperor, and the general of the Hussars of the Emperor". The main text in regular script, more than 2800 words, although a little weathered, but most of the readable, the text by the famous calligrapher Bei Yiyuan book. Now built pavilion protection. South dynasty tomb stone carving in the history of Chinese stone carving art occupies an extremely important position, it carries on the qin and han, under the sui and tang dynasties, and the contemporaneous north dynasty grottoes art rivals.
Ming Zhengjun monument
Ming Zhengjun monument in jiangsu province cultural relics protection unit. Located 20 kilometers northeast of nanjing city Qixia temple gate outside. Ming monk shao, word chenglie, shandong. Liu Song Dynasty successively served as Zheng Zhilang, Counselor, the main staff, etc., people call it "Zheng Jun". South Qi when he lived in seclusion, after the house for the temple, called Qixia Temple. The monument was erected in the third year of the Tang Dynasty (676), with the full name of "The Monument of Ming Zhengjun at Qixia Temple in Regency Mountain". The text was written by Emperor Li Zhi, a famous calligrapher of the Tang Dynasty, Gao Zhengchen, with a seal mark by Wang Zhijing. On the back of the stele is engraved the word "Qixia" in the handwriting of Emperor Gaozong, which is a powerful and elegant writing style. The inscription is in four or six rhymes, and ends with ten inscriptions. The height of the tablet is 2.74 meters, width 1.31 meters, thickness 0.26 meters. Confirmed by geological experts, the stele material from Qixia Mountain, is the Qixia group of gray rocks, but also animal fossils. Plum blossom pattern on the surface of the monument are fossilized sea lily stems and fossilized Chinese pore corals, which grew in the shallow sea 280 million years ago, and there are more than 22,000 of them. Ming Zhengjun monument is the best preserved and largest Tang monument in Nanjing, as a fossil specimen is also rare in the country.?
Thousand Buddha Cliff
Thousand Buddha Cliff Jiangsu Province cultural relics protection units. In the northeast of Nanjing City Qixia Mountain cliffs. Is the only remaining Buddhist grottoes of the Southern Dynasties in Jiangsu Province. Southern Qi Yongming years Ming monk Shao's son in the cliff first engraved with the Buddha of infinite life and both sides of the Guanyin, Dasi two bodhisattvas, the cave is called "infinite hall". Since then to the Ming Dynasty, each dynasty have added. Existing size of 294 niches, the size of 515 statues, commonly known as "thousand Buddha cliff". Niche plane more horseshoe-shaped, single room. Statue combination of three walls of a Buddha, three walls of three Buddhas, a single store seven bodies, five bodies, three bodies vary. The theme is mostly to Amitabha Buddha, Maitreya Buddha, thousands of Buddhas, and Shakyamuni Buddha, seven Buddhas, etc. In 1924, the temple monks to cement coating with color, has lost its original appearance." Cultural Revolution" during the ransacking, preserved intact very few. Recently, the cement of individual statues peeled off, but the visible stone part is still well preserved, and the clothing pattern is clear. Its statue of the carving style mellow and meticulous, beautiful and elegant, and the Northern Dynasties of the Yungang, Longmen Grottoes mirror each other, is China's ancient treasures of the art of stone carving.
South Tang two mausoleums
South Tang two mausoleums national key cultural relics protection units. Located in the southern suburb of Nanjing City, Zutangshan southern foothills, is the South Tang Emperor Liezu Li? Li? The mausoleum. Two tombs built on the mountain, 100 meters away from each other, the scale of the grand, have before, in, after the three main room and side room 10. The main room are imitation wooden house structure, beams, arches, painted red with color. Li? The Qin mausoleum rich and majestic, the bottom of the tomb circumference of 63.8 meters, more than 5 meters high. The front and middle two rooms are built with bricks, painted with vermilion and color. After the room stone lintel on the large relief "double dragon play fire bead", the head spit, teeth and claws, there is the potential to fly in the air. Below the left and right pillar wall each set a foot on the clouds, armor and sword carved stone relief warrior statue, look majestic, realistic, intimidating. The original statues are gold and color. The top of the back room has "astronomical chart" painted sun, moon and stars, the ground on the giant stone plate engraved with meandering rivers. Li? The shape of the tomb is roughly the same as that of Li? The shape of the tomb is more or less the same as that of Li's tomb, slightly smaller in scale, and the internal structure, decoration and painting art have lost the richness and majesty of the early Southern Tang Dynasty. -The two tombs unearthed artifacts to jade mourning book and pottery figurines are the most precious.
Qixia Temple Relic Tower
Qixia Temple Relic Tower national key cultural relics protection units. Located 20 kilometers north of nanjing Qixia Temple, east of the Tibetan scripture building, north of the thousand Buddha cliff. Covering an area of 120 square meters. Sui emperor got relics divided into 83 state tower collection, Jiangzhou (Nanjing) to get one of them, sui renshou first year (601) tower built in the Qixia mountain. Initially a wooden tower, the Southern Tang Dynasty changed to white stone, carved and become. Tower five levels of eight sides, about 18 meters high. Pagoda base of the lower part of the carving with seawater, dragons and phoenixes, fish, turtles and pomegranates and other patterns, the upper base altar of the corner columns are carved in relief Rex and standing dragons. Bunch of eight sides have a frame relief Shakyamuni into the eight phases of the road. Above the lotus seat is the tower body. The first floor is higher, each corner of the leaning column, engraved with "the text of the mantra", the front door, the rest of the face engraved with the image of the four heavenly kings and Manjushri, Puxian two bodhisattva statues. Under the eaves, the frieze is also carved with the statues of "Flying Sky", "Lotte" and "Offerings to the people". On each floor above the second floor, there is a maidservant? The second floor and each floor above the second floor has a niche for a Buddhist statue. Niche, there is a statue of Buddha. Shariputra modeling elegant and beautiful, delicate and exquisite carving, life-like figures, the expression of the Sui and Tang Dynasty is more skillful, can be called the Tang and Song Dynasty Jiangnan masterpiece of stone art.
Fuzimiao ruins
Fuzimiao ruins of Nanjing city cultural relics protection units. Located in Nanjing city Qinhuai River Gongyuan West Street. Song Renzong Jing? The first year (1034), built the temple of King Wen Xuan, commonly known as Fu Zi Temple, for the Jiankang school. Song Qian Dao four years (1168) in the east side of the temple to build the township test place Gongyuan. Both have been repaired and expanded. Gongyuan to the Qing Dynasty Tongzhi years after the expansion of the examination shed No. House has more than 20,000, ranking among the top of the provinces. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the Fuzimiao area was a gathering place for scholars and writers, so business was very prosperous. Most of the existing main buildings of Fuzimiao were gradually restored in 1984, and only the 100-meter-long wall is a relic of the Ming Dynasty, which is the largest preserved wall in the country. Pan pool side of the stone fence, the hall after the Ming Lun Hall, Gongyuan Mingyuan building for the Qing Dynasty. The 22 inscriptions of the Ming and Qing Dynasties preserved in the Gongyuan are the cultural relics protection units of Jiangsu Province.
Wang De Tomb
Wang De Tomb of Jiangsu Province cultural relics protection units. Located in the northern suburb of Nanjing Yanziji lower temple village Fu Jiaqiao. Wang De, the word Zihua, Gansu, the South Song anti-Jin generals, high Zong Shaoxing 25 years (1155) died in Jiankang (now Nanjing). In front of the tomb there is a stone tablet, a stone tiger, a stone goat, and two stone horses. The monument is about 4 meters high, 1.26 meters wide and 0.28 meters thick. Frontal relief dragons, lined with clouds, regular script "Song the late gift inspection of the school of Wang Gong Shinto monument". The inscription is written by Fu Lei, in regular script, 55 lines, full lines of 98 words, partially corroded, mainly recorded the life story of Wang De. The stone beasts are vividly portrayed, standing and kneeling, exquisitely carved, and are treasures of the Song Dynasty stone carvings.
Dinglin Temple Pagoda
Dinglin Temple Pagoda Jiangsu Province cultural relics protection units. Located about 15 kilometers south of Nanjing City, Jiangning County, the northern foot of Fangshan. Covering an area of 10 square meters. Dinglin Temple and tower was built in the Southern Song Dynasty Xiaozong Qian Dao nine years (1173). Now the temple has been destroyed tower remains. Tower in the Ming and Qing dynasties have been overhauled. Tower for eight seven-stage imitation wood structure pavilion-style brick tower, the tower top has been disabled, now about 12 meters high. Pagoda body all sides are made of brick imitation wood structure of the column square, arch, door frame and niche, two layers above each layer surrounded by a stack of shibori bricks out of the jump waist eaves, flat seat, cornice with stone to do the corner of the beam. Pagoda is now tilted to the north, the reason for the initial exploration of the tower base is located in the volcanic eruption on top of the rock, due to the slow intensive movement of the rock. Now the foundation of the tower has been in a stable state.
Linggu temple beamless hall
Linggu temple beamless hall jiangsu province cultural relics protection unit. Located in the south foot of the east side of Zhongshan in Nanjing city. Covers an area of 2036 square meters. Linggu Temple originally known as Jiangshan Temple, the Ming Dynasty for the construction of filial piety mausoleum moved here, and gave the name Linggu Temple, is one of the three major jungles in Nanjing in the Ming Dynasty. The temple was destroyed in the Qing Dynasty during the reign of Xianfeng, only one hall remains. Originally known as the infinite hall, because of the infinite longevity of Buddha and named; and because of the construction of the temple without inch wood, no beams and pillars, commonly known as the "beamless hall". Hall for the heavy eaves hermitage, 22 meters high, the internal structure consists of 3 arch coupons, the largest coupon, spanning 11.25 meters, thick walls, solid structure. 1928, the national government to beamless hall for the National Revolutionary Army fallen generals sacrificial temple, called "the right gas hall". Wuliang Hall, embedded in the surrounding walls of the "National Revolutionary Army fallen soldiers title tablets" 110, inscribed with the names of 33,224 soldiers killed in action.
Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum
Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum national key cultural relics protection units. The mausoleum of Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty. Located in the eastern suburb of nanjing city zhongshan gate outside zijinshan mountain south dulong fu play under the bead peak. Covers an area of 1.7 million square meters. Began to build in Ming Hongwu fourteen years (1381), to Hongwu sixteen years (1383) to complete the main project, the entire mausoleum building until the eleventh year of the Yongle (1413) before the end. Zhu Yuanzhang ascended to the throne as emperor in 1368 and died and was buried here in 1398. Since Zhu Yuanzhang's wife, Empress Ma, was buried here first, because the Empress was posthumously awarded the title of "Filial Piety and Ci", it was called the "Filial Piety Mausoleum". The Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum is one of the largest imperial mausoleums in Nanjing. The original red wall is 22.5 kilometers long. Since the lower Horse Square to the top of the treasure, stretching more than ten miles, the layout of the magnificent, rigorous system. From the front to the back of the lower Horse Square, Shenlie Mountain monument, Chongzhen period set up a "forbidden monument", Dajinmen, Pavilion, Bean Bridge, Shendao stone carvings, latticework door, Jinshui Bridge, Wenwu Fangmen, the temple door, Xiaoling Hall, Baocheng Minglou, Chongqiu. All the buildings only survived masonry part, wooden structure are burned. Both sides of the existing stone beasts 6 kinds of 24 honors, Wengzhong 8 honors. Pavilion is commonly known as the "four sides of the city", the pavilion of the "Shen Gong Shengde monument" is Zhu Di for his father, Zhu Yuanzhang set up, 8.84 meters high, 2.24 meters wide, 0.83 meters thick, was established in the 11th year of the Yongle (1413). Filial piety mausoleum hall existing sumeza 3 layer, giant column base 56. The existing building was built during the Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty. The foundation of Minglou is 60 meters long from east to west and 34.22 meters wide from north to south. The last for the Chong mound, the north side surrounded by a brick wall into a circle, the mound and the surrounding hills, ten thousand trees and lush, birds singing flowers. Mausoleum site and regulations are set by Zhu Yuanzhang, its hidden, implicit and implicit style of the subsequent Ming and Qing dynasties, the construction of the emperor's mausoleum has had a profound impact.
Nanjing City Wall
Nanjing City Wall national key cultural relics protection units. Nanjing city wall was built in Yuan Zhizheng twenty-six years (1366), completed in Ming Hongwu nineteen years (1386), after 21 years. The original construction of the Palace City, the Imperial City has been destroyed, now exists in the capital city wall and outer Guo Cheng. The original city wall is 34.36 kilometers long, 14 to 21 meters high, 7 to 14 meters wide, open the door 13. The existing city wall 21.35 kilometers, of which 19 kilometers more complete, 4 city gate, water gate 1. Ming Nanjing city wall in the architectural design of a change in the previous city wall to take the square moment of the ancient system, and according to local conditions, according to the mountains and the water, meandering and undulating, irregular polygonal, "according to the ridge of the ridge, the control of the river and lake situation", very conducive to military defense. Brick masonry wall is equivalent to the present-day Jiangsu, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan and other five provinces, 28 provinces, 118 counties, the Ministry of Industry and the three guards, three towns manufacturing. To ensure the quality of the city bricks, the names of the officials in charge and the names of the people who fired the kilns and made the bricks were engraved on the bricks. There are several existing city gates, with the south gate, the China Gate, being the most majestic and sturdy. Nanjing city wall construction set of China's ancient city wall construction technology, is the study of ancient China's military defense and construction science and technology of precious objects.