After Chiang Kai-shek and Wang Ching-wei launched the "Qing***" operation in Nanjing and Wuhan on April 12 and July 15, 1927, the Central Committee of the C*** convened a meeting of the Standing Committee of the Provisional Politburo in Hankou, and decided to
Use the National Revolutionary Army (NRA), which was under the mastery and influence of the ****production party, to stage an uprising in Nanchang, and assigned Zhou Enlai as the secretary of the Front Enemy Committee of the leading organ of the uprising. National Revolutionary Army to hold an uprising in Nanchang, and assigned Zhou Enlai as secretary of the Front Enemy Committee, the leading organ of the uprising.
On July 27, Zhou Enlai convened an important meeting in Nanchang attended by Zhu De, Liu Bocheng, Yun Daiying, Peng Pei, Ye Ting, Nie Rongzhen and the heads of party organizations in Jiangxi Province, and established a staff corps with Liu Bocheng as the head of the staff and Zhou Enlai, Ye Ting and He Long as its members, and set up a general headquarters of the uprising army, with He Long as the general commander and Ye Ting as the general commander of the front enemy.
At 2:00 a.m. on August 1, the various insurrectionary armies under the command of Zhou Enlai, Zhu De, He Long, Ye Ting, and Liu Bocheng launched an attack on the Kuomintang troops stationed in Nanchang, and after more than four hours of fierce fighting, they annihilated more than 3,000 of the enemy, seized more than 5,000 guns, more than one million rounds of ammunition, and several cannons, and occupied the city of Nanchang. In the morning of the same day, a joint meeting of the central committee members of the Kuomintang, representatives of the special cities of various provinces and districts and overseas party branches was held in Nanchang, which adopted the Declaration of the Central Committee Members, set up the Revolutionary Committee of the Kuomintang of China consisting of 25 people including Soong Ching-ling, Chou En-lai, He-long, Ye Ting, Zhu De, etc., and adopted documents such as the Declaration of the August 1 Uprising, which put forward the principles of "Overthrowing Imperialism", "Overthrowing Imperialism", and "Overthrowing Imperialism". The Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Nationalist Party, composed of 25 members including He Long, Ye Ting and Zhu De, adopted the Declaration of the August 1 Uprising and other documents, putting forward revolutionary slogans and political programs such as "Down with Imperialism", "Down with the Old and the New Warlords", and "Equal Rights to Farming". At the same time, the insurgent forces were reorganized, still under the title of the Second
Frontier Army of the National Revolutionary Army (NRA), with He Long acting as the commander-in-chief. Because the enemy attacked Nanchang with heavy troops, the front committee of the C*** decided that according to the predetermined plan of the C*** Central Committee, the insurgent troops withdrew from Nanchang successively from August 3 to 6, and waved their troops southward, taking the route of Linchuan, Yihuang, and Guangchang, and heading for the Chaoshan area of Guangdong Province.
The insurgent forces defeated the Kuomintang reactionary army's blockade at Ruijin and Huichang in Jiangxi Province, and then passed through Changting and Shanghang in Fujian Province and Dapu in Guangdong Province, and occupied Chaozhou and Shantou in late September, with the main force advancing westward toward Tangkeng via Jieyang.In early October, the westward advancing forces and those remaining in Chaoshan were besieged by the superior enemy army, and most of the insurgent forces were dispersed, with one part of the force breaking out to Hailufeng, where it met with local peasant armies; the other part broke out and joined with In January 1928, with the cooperation of local party organizations and peasant forces in southern Hunan, the "New Year's Uprising" was held in Yizhang. The uprising forces and the peasant armies withdrew from Xiangnan due to the superior enemy forces, and in April of the same year, they arrived at Jinggang Mountain to meet with Mao Zedong and formed the Fourth Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army, which was later renamed the Fourth Army of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army.
After the success of the uprising, the front committee of the C***, in accordance with the instructions of the Central Committee of the C*** about the revolution in the name of the leftist faction of the Kuomintang, issued the "Declaration of the Central Committee Members" of the leftist faction of the Kuomintang, exposing the crimes of Chiang Kai-shek and Wang Ching-wei who had betrayed the revolution, and expressing its support for Sun Yat-sen's "Three Major Policies" and its continued support for the revolution against imperialism and feudal warlords. In the morning of August 1, a joint meeting was held with the participation of KMT central committee members, representatives of special cities in various provinces and districts, and overseas party departments to set up the Revolutionary Committee of the KMT, and elected Deng Yanda, Soong Ching-ling, He Xiang-ning, Tan Pingshan, Wu Yuzhang, He Long, Lin Zuhan (Bok-qiu), Ye Ting, Zhou Enlai, Zhang Kuo-tao, Li Li-San, Yun Dai-ying, Xu Teli-Peng Puo and 25 others as members, Guo Moruo and 25 others were members. The Revolutionary Committee appointed Wu Yuzhang as the secretary-general, Zhou Enlai, He Long, Ye Ting, Liu Bocheng and other staff corps as the military command organ, Liu Bocheng as the chief of staff of the staff corps, Guo Moruo as the director of the General Political Department, and decided that the insurgent army would still follow the name of the Second Frontier Army of the National Revolutionary Army, with He Long acting as the commander-in-chief of the Frontier Army and Ye Ting acting as the commander-in-chief of the frontiers of the Frontier Army. Belonging to the 11th army (governing the 24th, 25th, 10th division), Ye Ting as commander, Nie Rongzhen as party representative; 20th army (governing the 1st, 2nd division), He Long as commander, Liao Qianwu as party representative; 9th army, Zhu De as deputy commander, Zhu Kejing as party representative. The whole army *** more than 20,000 people. August 2, Nanchang, tens of thousands of people from all walks of life gathered to celebrate the great victory of the Nanchang Uprising and the establishment of the Revolutionary Committee. After the meeting, young people from all walks of life enthusiastically enlisted in the army, only enrolled hundreds of students.
After the Nanchang Uprising, Wang Jingwei hurriedly ordered Zhang Fakui and Zhu Peide to attack Nanchang. The front committee in accordance with the original plan of the Central Committee of the ****, decided to lead the insurgent army to Guangdong, plans to use Guangdong as a base to organize the Northern Expedition again. 3 to 6 August, the insurgent army withdrew from Nanchang in batches, along the Fu River southward. When the insurgent army reached Jinxian County, Cai Tingkai, the commander of the 10th Division, expelled the *** members of the proletariat working in the division, and led his troops to the northeast of Gan, breaking away from the insurgent army. Due to the withdrawal of the insurgent army in Nanchang is relatively hasty, the troops have not been reorganized, coupled with the heat expedition, the troops attrition is more, on the 7th arrived in Linchuan, the total strength of about 13,000 people. late August, the insurgent army in the Ruijin, Huichang area, broke the Kuomintang army Qian Dajun, Huang Shaoxiong and other departments of the blockade, annihilated 6,000 people, captured more than 2,500 guns (quite). The insurgents suffered nearly 2,000 casualties.
After the battle of Huichang, the insurgents returned to Ruijin one after another, changed their route to the east, passed through Changting and Shanghang in Fujian Province, and headed south along the Ting and Han rivers. on September 22, the 25th Division of the 11th Army occupied Sanheba in Dapu County, Guangdong Province, and the main force continued to advance southward, occupying Chao'an (present-day Chaozhou) and Shantou on the 23rd. During this period, Li Jishen, the commander-in-chief of the 8th Route Army of the Kuomintang Army in Guangdong, ordered the remnants of Qian Dajun to hold back the 25th Division, Huang Shaohong's division to attack Chao'an via Fengshun, and Chen Jitang and Xue Yue's division of 3 divisions of more than 15,000 men to form the East Route Army, which would advance eastward from Heyuan to seek a duel with the main force of the insurrectionist army. According to the above situation, the front committee of China **** decided that the 20th army newly built 3rd division with the revolutionary committee stationed in chao shan area, concentrated the main force of more than 6,500 people to meet the eastward advancing enemy. 28th september, the main force of the insurrectionist army in jieyang county, near the area of shanhu (yuhu) with the eastward army encountered and routed, then to tongkeng (now fengshun city) advancing in fenshuei village area with the enemy again fierce fighting, to the 30th, insurrectionary casualties of more than 2,000 people, unable to fight anymore, and the insurrectionary forces were killed and wounded. By the 30th, the insurgents had suffered more than 2,000 casualties and were unable to fight any more, so they retreated to Jieyang. On the evening of that day, Huang Shaohong's troops captured Chaoan, and on October 3, the main force of the insurgent army met with the Revolutionary Committee withdrawn from Chaoshan in Liusha (present-day Puning City), and continued to retreat to Haifeng and Lufeng, but when passing through the Lotus Hill near Zhongtan Village, southwest of Liusha, it was intercepted once again by the eastern army, which was not victorious in a fierce battle, and the majority of troops dispersed. The leaders of the Revolutionary Committee and the Uprising Army scattered and moved, and the remaining 1,300 people entered the Hailufeng area. The 25th Division, which was stationed at Sanheba, moved towards Chao'an after inflicting heavy casualties on Qian Dajun's troops, and on October 5, they joined up with a part of the 3rd Division, which had been withdrawn from Chaoshan, in the territory of Raoping County. Thereafter, these two units, led by Zhu De and Chen Yi, moved to the Fujian, Guangdong, Gan and Xiangbian sides, and finally preserved the insurgent army of about 800 men, participated in the Xiangnan Uprising, and arrived at the revolutionary base of Jinggangshan in April 1928 to join the troops of the Autumn Harvest Uprising on the Xianggan border led by Mao Zedong.
It was a long march, starting from Nanchang, passing through Fuzhou, Yihuang, Guangchang, Shicheng, Ruijin, Huichang, Changting, Shanghang, and Taipo, until the occupation of Chaozhou and Shantou on September 23 and 24, and it took more than a month of traveling before they stopped, while the advance troops had already entered the Hailufeng area. Along the way, they fought a victorious battle at Nontianzhai, north of Ruijin, and another at Huichang, wiping out more than a division of the enemy. Although the soldiers of the guard were tired, their spirits were excited and they were always in high spirits to defend the safety of the Revolutionary Committee, the leading organ of the insurrectionary army. At that time I was a squad leader in the Guard. After the occupation of Chaozhou, our platoon was ordered to stay there and take on the task of guarding the logistical departments and material warehouses. After withdrawing from Chaozhou, we crossed the Han River to the east and advanced toward Rao Ping. When we arrived at Rao Ping, Comrade Zhu De had already led the 25th Division and the Ninth Army Instructional Corps to withdraw there from Sanheba, and we joined up with this group. Then, under the leadership of Comrades Zhu De and Chen Yi, we began a strategic transfer in the direction of Fujian and Jiangxi. It was another long march through Rao Ping, Pinghe, Tai Po, Yongding, Wuping, Xinfeng to Nankang and Dayu areas. Due to the continuous marching and fighting, the troops were greatly reduced in number, plus some soldiers and cadres who were not firm in their will and were shaken by the revolution left the troops one after another, there were still more than 1,000 people left in Nankang, and there were only 700 or 800 people left in Dayu when they arrived, because the composition of the troops was impure, and because the grass-roots members of the Party were too few, and the military discipline was not good along the way, so the troops were integrated into a regiment, with Comrade Zhu De as the head of the regiment, and Comrade Chen Yi as the regimental instructor. They personally rectified the discipline of the troops and strengthened the political work, the bad elements were eliminated, and the comrades who stayed behind were more determined. The situation changed very quickly, will be over the old calendar year, we entered Hunan to Yizhang, eliminated the county reactionary forces, that is, openly fight the landlords, the distribution of land, the establishment of Soviet power, officially raised the red flag of the sickle, axe, held a sensational uprising in southern Hunan. The Nanchang Uprising was an armed insurrection of global significance directly led by the Chinese ****production party. It fired the first shot of armed resistance against the Kuomintang reactionaries, declared the firm position of the CPC*** to carry the Chinese Revolution to the end, and marked the beginning of the CPC***'s independent creation of a revolutionary army and leadership of the revolutionary war.On July 11, 1933, the Provisional Central Government of the Chinese Soviet*** and the State, on the basis of the recommendation of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission of June 30th, decided to set August 1st as the anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army. From then on, August 1 became the founding day of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army and later the Chinese People's Liberation Army. Nanchang Uprising, due to the objective enemy force is too strong, subjective guidance on the lack of experience, and not and Xiang, E, Gan area of the peasant movement, to carry out the war of agrarian revolution, but a lone army south to Guangdong, trying to open the sea port, for foreign aid, rebuild the revolutionary base, and once again held the North Generation, coupled with two times to split the army, can not focus on annihilation of the enemy, to become the enemy of each and every one of the causes of the final failure. But the great historical achievements of this uprising is indelible. It set up a clear banner of armed struggle in front of the whole Party and the whole nation, and fully demonstrated the revolutionary spirit of the Chinese Communist Party and the Chinese people, who defied the enemy and went forward and backward. It criticized Chen Duxiu's right-leaning capitulationism with practical actions, dealt a heavy blow to the arrogance of the Kuomintang reactionaries, and greatly encouraged the revolutionary spirit of the whole nation. It made a significant contribution to the creation of the great People's Army.
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