1. Two Essays in Literature
"Learning to Play" is from Mencius? The story illustrates the importance of concentration in learning. The story explains that you should concentrate on your studies and not be distracted. Tang Wen. The story reflects that the two little children are good at observing, speaking with reason and Confucius' attitude of seeking truth from facts.
After the lesson, question 3:
①Is it wise if not? A: It is not true. A: Is it because his intelligence is not as good as others? Say: It is not so.
②I think that when the sun begins to come out, the people are near, but when the sun is far away. A: I think the sun is nearer to people when it first comes out, and farther away from them at noon.
③Who says you are knowledgeable? A: Who says you are knowledgeable?
2, "Rush"
This article is a piece of prose written by Zhu Ziqing, a famous modern writer. This article centers on "hurry" to start the narrative, first write the days are gone; then write their own more than 8,000 days come and go in a hurry and fleeting, the author's thoughts, by the scene and the people, sighing. Finally, the author issued an inner sigh. The author expresses the author's helplessness and regret for the passage of time.
Question 2 after the lesson: "Like a drop of water on the tip of a needle in the ocean, my days drip in the stream of time, without sound or shadow." A: The author compares his past 8,000 days to a drop of water on the tip of a needle and the stream of time to the ocean. How small the diary seems, fading away so fast, without sound or shadow. Showing the author's very helpless sadness.
3, "Mahogany"
This is an essay by Lin Qingxuan, a famous writer in Taiwan. The author uses the growth of a sapling as a metaphor for the growth of a human being. He writes about a tree grower who lets "the trees learn to find water in the land by themselves", which explains the importance of enduring life in a difficult environment and overcoming dependence to the growth of a human being.
Question 2 after the lesson:
1) Not only trees, but also people, those who live in uncertainty can stand the test of life better and develop an independent heart.
A: "Uncertainty" refers to the unpredictable ups and downs, twists and turns, and trials and tribulations of life. Uncertainties in life include illnesses, parents being laid off, and natural disasters.
②The man who planted the tree will not come back, and the mahogany will not wither.
A: Because the tree planter does not water the tree regularly or in quantity, he is letting the tree adapt to its environment, transforming very little nutrients into great energy, learning to find its own source of water in the land, and taking deep roots to thrive. That's why the tree planters don't come around anymore, and the mahogany doesn't wither.
6. "Spring Festival in Beijing"
My author, Mr. Lao She, the famous language master, gives us a picture of the folk customs of the Spring Festival in Beijing, showing the warmth and beauty of Chinese festive customs, and expressing his own recognition and love of traditional culture. The article structures the whole text with time as the warp and people's activities as the weft. The author first introduces that the Spring Festival in Beijing starts from the first half of the lunar month: people boil Laha congee, make Laha garlic, buy New Year's goods, and celebrate the small New Year's Day ...... to make full preparations for the Spring Festival. Immediately after, detailed description of the three climax of the Spring Festival: New Year's Eve home lights all night, firecrackers day and night, eat a reunion dinner, the New Year's Eve; the first day of the men go out to pay homage to New Year's Eve, the women at home to receive guests, the children to visit the temple fair; fifteen to watch the lanterns, firecrackers, and eat the lanterns. Finally write the end of the Spring Festival on the nineteenth day of the first month.
10, "Memories of Sixteen Years Ago"
This article, through the memories of Li Dazhao from before to after his arrest, demonstrates the great spirit of the revolutionary martyrs' loyalty to the cause of the revolution and their noble qualities of steadfastness in the face of the enemy, and expresses the author's admiration for his father and his deep nostalgia. Except for the beginning, the article is narrated in the order of before the arrest, at the time of the arrest, in the courtroom, and after the murder. Before the arrest, he writes that his father burned the documents and books, and his workmate Yan Zhensan was arrested, reflecting the danger of the situation and the danger of the situation; at the time of the arrest, he writes about the enemy's weakness and brutality and his father's unperturbed behavior; in the courtroom, he describes Li Dazhao's calmness and composure; and after the murder, he writes about the family's immense grief.
Key Sentences:
①Father was very kind and never scolded us, let alone beat us. I always loved to ask my father many childish and ridiculous questions. No matter how busy he was, he was always interested in my questions and always patiently told me. This time, I don't know why, but my father answered me so vaguely.
Answer: Because the situation at that time was very serious, it was not the time to talk to children, and such things as preventing revolutionary books and documents from falling into the hands of the enemy could not be explained in a few words. Here is written the unity of the two aspects of Comrade Li Dazhao's loving and kind treatment of his relatives and his seriousness and seriousness in his work.
②"Didn't I always say to you? I can not easily leave Beijing. You have to know what time it is now and how important the work here is. How can I leave?"
A: He fully understood the perilous situation and the danger of his situation, but would never leave his post. This shows his spirit of high responsibility for the revolution.
③In the courtroom, we met with father. My father was still wearing his old gray cotton robe, but he wasn't wearing his glasses. I saw his calm, kind face beneath his long, disheveled hair.
A: From this sentence, we can see that my father was still calm and kind despite being tortured by the enemy. The "no glasses" and "long disheveled hair" indicate that the enemy inflicted severe torture on Li Dazhao, and the "calm" indicates that Li Dazhao remained strong after the brutal torture, and the "kind" indicates that Li Dazhao remained strong after the brutal torture. "Kindness" fully embodies the love of Li Dazhao to his relatives.
The last three paragraphs of the text echo the beginning. This will enable the reader to understand the ins and outs of the matter more clearly, get a deeper impression and feeling, and highlight the author's deep nostalgia for his father.
12, "Serving the People"
This is a speech made by Chairman Mao Zedong on September 8, 1944 at the memorial service for Comrade Zhang Side. At the beginning of the article, it clearly puts forward the purpose of the Chinese ****productivity party and its leadership of the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army - to serve the people completely and thoroughly; and then, in the light of the current actual situation, it explains how to serve the people completely and thoroughly from three aspects; firstly, it establishes the principle that "to die for the interests of the people is heavier than Taishan"; and secondly, it explains that "to die for the interests of the people is heavier than Taishan. The first is to establish the concept of life and death that "to die for the people's interests is heavier than Mount Tai"; the second is to correctly deal with criticism, to insist on what is good and correct what is wrong for the people's interests; and the third is to build up unity, to overcome difficulties, to improve courage, to love each other, and to unite the whole people.
Man has a death, or heavier than Mount Taishan, or lighter than a feather. Solid: originally. Or: some. In: to express comparison.
Question 3 at the end of the lesson: Because we serve the people, we are not afraid to be criticized and pointed out by others if we have shortcomings. It doesn't matter what or who points it out to us. As long as you are right, we will correct it. If the way you say is good for the people, we will do as you say.
A: This passage **** has four sentences. The first sentence is about how we should welcome criticism, the second sentence is about how we welcome criticism from anyone, and the third sentence is about how we accept criticism from anyone as long as it is correct. The fourth sentence says that if the way you say is good for the people, we will do as you say. Sentences are closely linked to each other, with layers of meaning.
14. The Little Girl Who Sells Matches
This is a fairy tale by the Danish writer Hans Christian Andersen about a little girl who sells matches and freezes to death on the street on New Year's Eve. The author begins by describing the little girl's situation: the street is cold and dark on New Year's Eve, it is snowing, and the little girl is still selling matches on the street. Then she writes about how the little girl rubbed the matches five times to warm herself, and how she saw visions in the light of the matches - a warm fireplace, a roasting goose, a beautiful Christmas tree, and a kind grandmother - until she flew away with her grandmother. It ends with the story of the little girl freezing to death on the street.
Question 3 at the end of the lesson:
1) Fly away to the place where there is no cold, no hunger, and no pain.
Answer: the meaning of this sentence is: the little girl left the world and died in a wonderful vision. The little girl was in a world where there was only cold, only hunger, and only pain.
②How happy she had been, following her grandmother into the happiness of the New Year.
Answer: The first "happiness" means that the little girl was happy before she died in a beautiful vision; the second "happiness" means that the little girl was completely happy when she died without cold, hunger and pain.
15, "Vanka"
This text, through Vanka's letter to her grandfather, reflects the tragic fate of the poor children in the Russian society under the tsarist rule and exposes the darkness of the social system at that time. The article is according to the process of writing a letter. At the beginning, Vanka secretly writes a letter to his grandfather on the night before Christmas when the boss, the boss's wife and the fellows go to church for worship; then, Vanka tells his grandfather about his unbearable and miserable apprenticeship, begs his grandfather again and again to take him away from here and return to the countryside, and remembers the two scenes of life in the countryside (one of which is the scene of the grandpa's vigil, the other of which is the scene of the Christmas festival); and at last, he writes that he slipped the letter into the postbox. Finally, he writes that Vanka puts the written letter into the post box and sees his grandfather reading his letter in a sweet dream. The text is interspersed with the author's narrative, Vanka's letter writing and Vanka's memories of the letter writing process. The expressions of contrast, antithesis and allusion are used in the expression.
18, "The Beauty of a Century"
This is an article praising Madame Curie, with "beauty" as the main line, showing that Madame Curie's beauty does not lie in her appearance, but in her heart and personality. She has made great contributions to mankind and realized the value of her life. The author uses the technique of flashback to describe the scene of Madame Curie's academic report in the French Academy of Sciences at the beginning, which brings out the beautiful image and great achievements of Madame Curie in front of the readers. The next two natural paragraphs describe Mrs. Curie in order to explore "other substances have no radioactivity" and the hard research, until the discovery of radium, which is the focus of the text, fully demonstrated Mrs. Curie's firm and persistent, dedicated to the scientific spirit of science. The last two natural paragraphs write the attitude and practice of Mrs. Curie in front of fame and fortune, showing the noble personality of Mrs. Curie's indifference to fame and fortune and the selflessness of devoting herself to science. Finally, Einstein's words are quoted to affirm the personality of Mrs. Curie.
The "beauty" of the subject is not only the beautiful appearance of Madame Curie, but also her embodiment of the steadfastness, dedication to science, scientific spirit and the noble character of indifferent to fame and fortune.
The second question after the lesson:
①This kind of valuable character and far-reaching pursuit makes Marie Curie almost finish this great natural science. Curie almost accomplished the discovery of the meaning of life at the same time as she accomplished this great natural discovery.
A: "This valuable character and lofty pursuit" refers to Mrs. Curie's "firmness, perseverance, and ambitious, persistent pursuit", and "this great discovery" refers to Mrs. Curie's discovery of radioactivity. Mrs. Curie discovered the radioactive metal element radium, and "the discovery of the meaning of life" means that Mrs. Curie understood that the value of life does not lie in youth and beauty, money and fame, but in contributing to science and to mankind.
②She went from being a pretty girl, a dignified and resolute academic, to a new term in science textbooks, "radiation", to a new unit of measurement in physics, "curie", to a law of science, and to a landmark in the history of science. She became a permanent milestone in the history of science.
A: This sentence uses the sentence "from ...... to ......", and this "change" is not a general change, but a life change. This "change" is not a general become, but a life value enhancement, life realm leap, four "become" summarizes the struggle of Mrs. Curie's life as well as the immortal achievements.
20, "the truth is born after a hundred question marks"
The title of the text is "the truth is born after a hundred question marks", which is also the main point of the text, "the truth is born after a hundred question marks" means: As long as you are good at observation, keep asking questions, keep solving problems, and persevere in seeking the source, you will be able to find the truth in real life.
The second question after the lesson: Answer: The first example is that Professor Shepiro discovered the problem from the swirl of the bath water, and through repeated experiments and research, he found that the direction of rotation of the water vortex and the rotation of the earth is related. The second example is the famous British chemist Boyle accidentally found that hydrochloric acid will make the violet petals red, and then carried out many experiments, and finally invented the acid-base test paper. The third example is that an Austrian doctor deduced from the phenomenon of his son's eyes turning when he was dreaming, after repeated observation and analysis, that all sleepers' eyes are turning to indicate that they are dreaming, which is a universal law. Additional examples: Isaac Newton discovered the law of gravity when he saw an apple fall to the ground. Lu Ban invented the saw when he went up a mountain and cut his hand on a blade of grass.
Question 3 at the end of the lesson:
①Finally straighten the "?" straightened into "!" , found the truth. Answer: "?" is the problem of discovery, the constant questioning; "!" is the solution of the question and the discovery of the truth through exploration; this sentence expresses an abstract truth in a visual and imaginative way, which leaves a deep impression on people.
②As long as you see the slightest thing, are good at asking questions and keep exploring, then, when you answer a number of question marks, you will be able to discover the truth. A: "To see the small things is to know the small things" means: to be able to find problems in ordinary phenomena. This sentence reiterates the point made at the beginning of the article, and the beginning of each other.
X. Day by Day
Unit 1
1. Who can be free from confusion unless he is born knowing? The Teacher's Sayings
2. Zuo Zhuan (左传)
3、甘瓜苦蒂，天下物无全美。 Mozi
4. Those who plant trees must cultivate their roots, and those who plant virtues must nourish their hearts. Wenxindiaolong
Unit 3
Prisoner's Song (Ye Ting)
The door for men to go in and out was locked,
The hole for a dog to crawl out was open,
and a voice shouted,
Crawl out, and give you freedom!
I longed to be free,
but I knew deep down -
how could a human body crawl out of a dog hole!
I hope that one day,
the underground fire,
burns me along with this living coffin,
and that I should be immortalized in fire and hot blood!
Unit 4
1. Integrity is the essence of morality. --(Egypt) Mehafoz, The Epic of the Common Man
2. Tears cannot wash away pain. --(Iceland) Laxness, "The Bells of Iceland"
3. The greatest insights are the simplest. --(Britain) Golding, "Lord of the Flies"
4. Man lives for his own hope. --(USSR) Sholokhov, "The Still Don River"
5. Keeping one's word is a treasure that should not be thrown away at will. --(Columbia) Marquez, "One Hundred Years of Solitude"
6. It is not the blow of the hammer that makes the pebble perfect, but the song and dance of the water. --(India) Rabindranath Tagore, The Book of Birds
7. Only those who are brave and calm can survive the darkness and usher in the light. (Guatemala) Asturias, "The Corn People"
8. A man is not born to be defeated. You can destroy him as much as you like, but you just can't defeat him. --The Old Man and the Sea
Unit 5
To make steel out of steel, to make strength out of fury, to persevere, to rise to the challenge
To gather wisdom, to make collective efforts, to reform the old, to innovate, to make new things new and different
To be original, to give an example, to seek truth from facts, to express one's own views
To be unashamed of one's knowledge. The key texts required to be memorized and written in silence
Lesson 1: Two Essays in Literature. Lesson 2, "Rush". Lesson 12: Serving the People. Lesson 18 "Beauty Across the Centuries".
14 Ancient Poems:
"The New Year's Day" by Wang Anshi Song The sound of popping firecrackers marks the end of the year, and the spring breeze sends warmth into the tassel. A thousand doors and tens of thousands of tels, always changing the new peach for the old one.
The Night of August 15 at the Temple of the Heavenly Buddha" by Pi RixiuTang Jade balls were brought down to the moon wheel, and the dew in front of the temple was found to be new. I still don't know what happened in the sky, but it was Chang'e who threw it to the people.
The Seven Steps Poem by Cao Zhi (曹植), Three Kingdoms. The beans are boiled to make a soup, and the beans are liquefied to make juice. The beanstalks are burning under the kettle, and the beans are crying in the kettle. The same root was born, so why should they fry each other too quickly?
"Birdsong Stream" Wang Wei Tang people idle osmanthus flowers fall, night quiet spring mountain empty. The moonrise startled the birds, and they were singing in the spring stream.
The Hibiscus Tower Sending Xin Jian (芙蓉楼送辛渐), by Wang Changling (王昌龄), is a poem about the cold rain that falls on the river and enters Wu at night. I am sure that I will be able to find a place for you in the world where you will be able to find your way to the center of the world.
Du Fu (杜甫), the poet of the Tang Dynasty, said, "The flowers of Huang Sieniang's house are all over the grove, and a thousand of them are on the lower branches of the branches. The butterflies are always dancing, and the warblers are always crying.
Yu Qianming, "Lime Chant" A thousand hammers and ten thousand chiselings have been made in the mountains, and the fire burns as if it were idle. I'm not afraid to break my bones and body to pieces, I want to leave my innocence on earth.
"Bamboo and stone" Zheng Xie Qing bite the green mountain not to let go, the root of the original in the broken rock. I'm not going to let go, I'm not going to let go, I'm not going to let go, I'm not going to let go.
"I heard the official army collect Henan and Hebei" Du Fu Tang Jianwai suddenly rumors of the collection of Thistle North, the first time I heard tears and tears full of clothes. The first time I heard of it, my clothes were full of tears and tears. The first time I heard of it, my clothes were full of tears and tears. I am so happy that I have to sing songs and drink wine in the daytime, and I am so happy to return to my hometown as a companion of my youth. I'm going to go from Ba Gorge to Wu Gorge, and from Xiangyang to Luoyang.
Gong Zizhen's "Miscellaneous Poems of the Year of the Horse" is a poem about the wind and thunder in China, and it's sad that all the horses are mute. I urge the God of Heaven to be more vigorous, and not to confine himself to a single style of descending talents.
"Raccoon Brook Sand" Su Shi Song traveled to the Herb Water Qingquan Temple, the temple near the Lanxi, the stream flows west. The temple is near Lanxi, and the stream flows westward. The orchid buds under the mountain are short of dipping into the stream, and the sandy road between the pines is clean without mud. The rain is so intense that it makes me feel like I'm not even here anymore. Who says that life is never too young? The water in front of the door can still flow west! I'm not going to sing about the yellow rooster.
Bu Suan Zi? Wang Guan Song The water is the waves of the eyes, the mountains are the peaks of the eyebrows. I want to ask the pedestrians to go over there. I'm not sure if I'm going to be able to do that, but I'm going to be able to do it. I've only just started to send spring back, but I'm sending you back again. If you come to Jiangnan to catch up with spring, you must live with spring.
"Ink Plum" by Wang Guan Yuan, my family washed the ink stone and the tree at the head of the pond, and the flowers bloomed with light ink marks. I don't want to be praised for its color, but only for its freshness.
The Wave of Sand by Liu YuxiTang, the Yellow River, the waves and the winds are from the end of the world. Now we are going straight up to the Milky Way to the home of Altair and the Weaving Maiden.