Before the liberation, the tune of "Planting Melon" had been widely sung in Lichuan city and Wangying and Baiyang, accompanied by percussion instruments between songs. Hubei Lichuan is the hometown of "Longboat tune", 1955 Spring Festival, Lichuan held a county-wide amateur music, dance, opera repertoire, "planting melon tune" was well received. After the Lichuan County Cultural Center cadres Zhou Xuqing and Huang Yewei collected and organized, processing and embellishment, changed into a performance of singing "Longboat tune". Dragon Boat Tunes" is based on "Planting Melon Tunes", accumulating the long-term life experience and wisdom of the local working people, revealing a strong flavor of life between the lines, and after repeated refinement, the meaning of the words is more refined, and the melody is extremely smooth, beautiful and touching, concentrating on the style of the Tujia Mamie's shyness, flirtatiousness, the acidity of the Xucai, the teasing as well as the humorousness of the humped boatman and the wildness, thus completing the major leap from the form to the content. In 1957, Lichuan folk artists Wang Guosheng and Zhang Shuntang sang Longboat Tune for the first time as a program of the Second National Music and Dance Concert in Huairen Hall of Beijing, and were received by leaders of the Party and the State. Wuhan singer Liu Jiayi first made a record of her singing of "The Tune of the Dragon Boat" and popularized it all over the country, and Wang Yuzhen sang "The Tune of the Dragon Boat" to Japan, and there are also famous singers such as Wang Jieshi, Xie Lisi, Wei Jindong, Li Guyi, and Tang Can singing it for many times. Famous singer Song Zuying sang it to the Sydney Opera House, the Golden Hall of Vienna, and the Kennedy Center for the Arts in the U.S., which set off a global craze for singing the "Tune of the Dragon Boat".
2. Jasmine
①Name of a folk song, widely sung in China and the world, Chinese folk song.
Origin
"Jasmine" ditty (i.e., folk song) is called "Flower Tune", and there are hundreds of ways to sing it, but it's pretty much the same, and it's actually a kind of, what is known in the music industry as, "approximate tone". "This kind of tune was widely sung in the Ming Dynasty. This tune was widely circulated in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the main popular area in Jiangsu and Zhejiang. According to the late music historian Zhang Ming (former researcher of the Institute of Ethnic Music of the China Academy of Art) and other experts, the Qing Dynasty "Flower Tune" was developed on the basis of the "Flower Tune" which was popular in Yangzhou in the Ming Dynasty. Yangzhou Qingqu, as well as the Yangzhou opera, which draws rich nutrition from Yangzhou Qingqu, all have "Fresh Flower Tune" songs, which are inextricably linked with each other.
China's music has a long history, but the biggest regret is that for a long time most of them only have the names and lyrics of the tunes, and very few of them have been recorded in music scores. The earliest surviving "flower tune" (also known as "Xianhua tune") lyrics, found in the Qing dynasty Qianlong thirty-ninth year (1771) Yangzhou opera performance scripts, "white fur" series of "flower drums," a play of the "Xianhua tune ". The earliest sheet music found abroad is the "ditty" (with a score but no words, which was later used by the Italian composer Puccini in the opera Turandot) recorded in "Travels in China," published by the Englishman Hittner in 1804; the earliest sheet music in China is the Gongshi Sheet Music, which was recorded in the first year of the Qing dynasty's Daoguang period (1821). The earliest notation in China is the Gongshi score, which was recorded in the Xiaohui Collection published in the first year of the Daoguang period (1821) of the Qing dynasty, sung by Yangzhou Qing composer Wang Wanqing, notated by Zhang Zhonggao, and proofread by Wu Junda; Wang Wanqing sang the "Fresh Flower Tune," a tune more akin to the contemporary Jasmine Flower; and the second is the guqin piece in the 1840s transcription of the Zhang Jutian qin sheet music.
The first modern version of "Jasmine Flower" in the form of a short score was performed by the Frontier Song and Dance Troupe in Beijing in 1957, which was a great success and was later recorded and widely circulated at home and abroad.
In the mid-80s, according to the deployment of the Ministry of Culture, Yangzhou, a large-scale collection of folk songs, the collection of more than 1,000 folk songs, there are Yizheng, Jiangdu, Xinghua three "Jasmine", the lyrics and songs are very similar. 90 years selected "Chinese folk songs. Jiangsu volume" of Yangzhou folk songs amounted to more than 230, "jasmine" (i.e., "flower tune" in the form of seven kinds of lyrics and songs included in the book, the first that is, why imitate this one, in the song at the end of the note "anonymous sung, He imitation finishing words, The first one is this one by Ho Fung.
Origin Controversy
In 1942, when He Fei, a soldier of the New Fourth Army, was on a tour in Liuhe, Jiangsu Province, he recorded a song called "Fresh Flowers" sung by local folk artists. 1957, He Fei, who had already been working for the Nanjing Front Song and Dance Troupe, adapted the song into a folk song called "Jasmine" to participate in the national repertoire, which was labeled as a "Jiangsu Folk Song" for the first time. Jasmine" was labeled "Jiangsu Folk Song" for the first time. But "flowers tune" as early as the end of the Qing Dynasty, sung throughout the country, Shandong Province, there are "flowers tune", assuming that He Feng in Linqing recorded this folk song, and performed by the Shandong Avant-garde Song and Dance Troupe, today is not a Shandong folk song? Therefore, the author believes that the first "registered" and its origin, are two different things.
Some articles say that, according to the late music historian Zhang Ming test, "the Qing Dynasty," the flower tune "is the Ming Dynasty has been popular in Yangzhou," the flower tune "based on the development of" according to the author's testimony, "the flower tune" of the name but the earliest in the Qing Dynasty in the Qianlong period. Yangzhou Qing Opera has "Fresh Flower Tune", which is an indisputable fact. But according to the Chinese opera music, music, folk songs and other integrated records, everywhere in the country, "flowers tune", proving that "flowers tune" first appeared in Yangzhou Qingquan very far-fetched, as for the spread of the country's way, some people put forward is through the courtesan's claim is not convincing, and so far has not found that history has been Yangzhou courtesan ran all over the country's records. It has also been suggested that the "ditty" (i.e. "Flower Tune", with a score but no lyrics, which was later used by the Italian composer Puccini in his opera "Turandot") recorded in "Travels in China", published by the Englishman Hittner in 1804, came from Yangzhou's Qing Qu, but again, no hard evidence has been produced. [1]
Development and Influence
China has a vast area, a long history, and many ethnic groups, so the number of folk songs and ditties that have been widely circulated is also very large. They are like the flowers in the garden in March in the late spring, with beautiful flowers, thousands of postures, and full of fragrance. Among them, there is one variety that has been cultivated for a long time and is widely loved by the public, which is the familiar folk song "Jasmine Flower".
"Jasmine" has been popular since ancient times, there are a variety of variants, but one popular in the south of the Yangtze River is the most widely spread, the most representative. Her melody is gentle, fluctuating and smooth, and her feelings are delicate; through praising jasmine flowers, she implicitly expresses the simple and soft feelings between men and women. As early as in the Qing Dynasty in the Qianlong period published in the collection of opera scripts "decorated with white fur", published its lyrics, can be seen in its generation and circulation of a long time.
In the late eighteenth century, a foreigner memorized her tune, and the lyrics were juxtaposed in English and Hanyu Pinyin. Later, another Englishman named John Bellow came to China to serve as secretary to the first British ambassador to China, and in 1804 he published his own book, Travels in China. Perhaps in his eyes, "Jasmine Flower" is a representative of Chinese folk songs, so in his work, he specially published the sheet music of "Jasmine Flower", and this song became the first Chinese folk song to be transmitted overseas in the form of a publication, and began to circulate in Europe and South America and other places.
In 1924, the world-famous Italian composer Puccini died of cancer after completing the first draft of his opera Turandotte. Set in China during the Yuan Dynasty, the opera is a fictionalized account of Turandotte, a beautiful but cold-hearted princess. Puccini took the tune of "Jasmine" as one of the main musical materials of the opera, adapted its original song into a chorus for female voices, and the characters in the opera all wore Yuan Dynasty costumes, thus giving a Chinese color and flavor to a Chinese story that was entirely written and performed by foreigners. 1926, the opera was premiered in Italy, and it was a great success. From then on, the aroma of the Chinese folk song "Jasmine Flower" wafted even wider overseas with the circulation of this operatic classic.
According to media reports in recent years, "Jasmine Flower," originally known as "Flower Tune," had three lyrics that sang about jasmine, honeysuckle and roses in that order. 1942, when musician He Fei went to the Jinniu Mountain area of Liuha District, which belongs to the city of Nanjing in Jiangsu Province, he collected the song, which was widely sung in the area, from a well-known local folk artist, and recorded the tune and lyrics of the song. In 1957, he adapted the original lyrics of the song, using the same tune for all three sections of the lyrics, changing the original singing of three kinds of flowers into a centralized singing of jasmine, and ending with a melodious and melodious dragging accent, which has become what we are all familiar with now. The song was sung by the Frontier Song and Dance Troupe, and was later recorded by the China Record Society, where it was further popularized.
In the early years of this century, Zhang Yimou used "Jasmine Flower" as background music in his promotional films for the Olympic Games and the World Expo, and on August 3, 2003, the logo for the 2008 Olympic Games, "China's Seal. Dancing Beijing" was unveiled at the Hall of Prayers in Beijing's Temple of Heaven Park. When the famous athlete Deng Yaping and the famous movie star Jackie Chan slowly walked up to the Hall of Prayer with the emblem, the orchestra played the melody of "Jasmine Flower" again. At this moment you hear the music of "Jasmine", euphemistic with strength, delicate with passion, floating with determination, seems to tell the world: "Jasmine" hometown - the ancient China is striding forward. With the broadcast of these TV movies, I believe that the fragrance of "Jasmine" will float farther and wider.
3. Kangding Love Song
"Kangding Love Song" is a folk song born in Kangding, Sichuan Province in the 1930s, and the author of "Kangding Love Song" is Li Yiruo of Xuanhan, Sichuan Province, who created the song in the 1940s, which has been gradually circulated.
Mid-1940s, Wu Wenji, a Fujian student who was studying at the Qingmu Guan National School of Music in Chongqing, collected the song among the people in Kangding who had gone into the army, and passed it to his teacher Wu Wenji. Wu Wenji collected this song among the Kangding people who were serving in the army, and then passed it to his teacher Wu Zhengqian. Wu Zhengqian loved the song so much that he asked Jiang Dingxian, a teacher in the Department of Composition, to compose a musical accompaniment for the song. After Jiang Dingxian finished the accompaniment, he renamed the original song "Running Horses on the Mountain" to "Kangding Love Song", and Wu Zhengqian sang it for the first time in a school concert. Later, Jiang Dingxian recommended the song to the then popular singer Yu Yixuan, who sang it publicly in her personal concert held in Nanjing in the same year, and then sang it as her own reserved program, from Nanjing to the Great Northwest, and from the country to foreign countries, so that the "Kanding Love Song" was spread all over the world.
4. Go West
It is said that it has been circulating for one or two hundred years. The song is sung not only by people in Shanxi, but also by many people in Shanxi's neighboring Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, and even a little farther away in Ningxia, Qinghai, and Gansu.
There is an old Chinese saying, "Ten miles of different sounds," which refers to the fact that folk songs have strong regional characteristics. The reason why people in many places in the northwest would sing "Walking to the West" is probably because many people from Shanxi had traveled to those places at that time, and some of them had been singing the song for a long time, and the locals had learned it as well.
The Shanxi Hequ folk song "Walking to the West Mouth" speaks of the sadness of a newlywed couple's parting in life and death and the hardships of modern Shanxi people who go out to make a living, and it has profound social, historical, natural and geographical reasons behind it. Going to the west is a challenge to destiny and a pioneering approach to a new environment. Going to the West is certainly difficult, but hard-working and intelligent people out of a new world, it is they opened up the "richest in the sea" of the glorious era. The spontaneous behavior of the westbound travelers profoundly changed the development process of Shanxi and Mongolia.
Cultural background
The Qing Dynasty is an important period in the history of China's population development. Through the restoration and development of the Kangxi, Yongqian and Qianlong Dynasties in the early Qing Dynasty, the national population exceeded the 300 million mark in the Qianlong Dynasty. Sharp contradiction between man and land, a large number of poor people in the interior of the pressure of life, "go to the west", "break into the East" or "down to the South China Sea", the formation of the modern three large waves of immigrants. "Going West" is the Qing Dynasty, thousands of Jin, Shaanxi and other places of the people flocked to the city of naturalization, Tumet, Chahar and Ordos and other places to make a living in the migrant activities. The migratory activity of "Going to the West" has greatly changed the social structure, economic structure and life style of Mongolia outside the mouth. At the same time, Shanxi immigrants, who accounted for a very high proportion of immigrants, as the main carrier of cultural dissemination, brought the Jin culture of Shanxi to the central and western regions of Inner Mongolia, so that the local immigrant culture, which is rich in Shanxi's local characteristics, was formed. As part of the farming culture, Jin culture, through population migration, merged with the local nomadic culture to form a vibrant multi-cultural culture that enriched China's culture.
The barren land and frequent natural disasters in northern Shanxi forced many people in northern Jin to make a living outside their mouths. The old Shanxi ballad "Hequ Bao Dezhou, ten years, nine years, no harvest, men go out of the mouth, women digging wild vegetables" fully illustrates that the "go west of the mouth" people are mostly natural disasters caused by the hungry. Qing Guangxu three to five years, Shanxi and other provinces in three years of drought, known as the "Dingwuqi disaster" of the most serious drought in modern times, and even part of the area did not rain. Natural disasters caused by population displacement, Xinzhou, Yanbei and other northern Jinbei region is the most prominent. Jinbei counties barren land, poor natural environment forced a large number of people to leave their homeland. For example, "Yang Gao is located in the North Block, moraine excellent very, high soil and yellow sand, full of low soil, alkali halogen difficult to plow ...... barren people poor, nothing thick hide, a case of barrenness and failure, the displacement is unbearable." In the barren land, cold climate, no Chuanliu irrigation in the harsh natural environment, Jinbei people live in hardship. Whenever there was a disaster or failure, people had to be displaced and run out of their mouths to make a living.
"Going West" is a bitter history of immigration, a history of hard work and entrepreneurship. Batch after batch of immigrants left their homes and went north to Mongolia, hard work and development of the Inner Mongolia region. More importantly, they are in a backward nomadic state of Inner Mongolia in the middle and western part of the advanced farming culture, so that the whole local cultural landscape has undergone a fundamental change. Along with the migration process of "Going West", the Mongolian region outside the mouth has evolved from a traditional single nomadic society to a pluralistic society with two counties and farming. In this process of evolution, Shanxi immigrants, as the main body of immigrants, made a great contribution. Since Shanxi immigrants accounted for the vast majority of immigrants, the local immigrant culture was characterized by the Jin culture, which could be said to be an extension of the Jin culture in the region.
The movement of people has led to the spread of culture, which in turn has brought regions closer together and strengthened their sense of identity. The wave of migration, "Going West", greatly facilitated the exchanges between the central and western regions of Inner Mongolia and the mainland, further enhanced the ethnic feelings between the Mongols and the Han Chinese, and had a positive impact on the prosperity and stability of our multi-ethnic country.
There are many more you can check out, such as the Yunnan folk song "The River Runs Through It", the Northeast folk song "Ussuri Boat Song", and the Shaanxi folk song "Sending My Love" are all very good.