The theaters of the Song and Yuan Dynasties can be roughly divided into three categories: temple theaters, hall theaters, and Wase and Goulan theaters.
1. Temple Theater.
It is a large theater built during the ancient Roman Empire, located on the east side of the Greek Square in the center of Rome, Italy. It was built around AD 15 and became one of the largest and most gorgeous theaters at that time. The Temple Theater can accommodate about 15,000 spectators, with three floors of seats, 80 entrances, 57 corridors and a 35-meter-high circular stage.
2. Tanghui Theater and Washhouse.
Tanghui theaters and tile houses are representative forms of ancient Chinese wooden structures, especially in the south. Tanghui theaters refer to large-scale buildings used by folk organizations to hold theatrical performances such as opera, music, acrobatics, and religious, Taoist, Buddhist and other activities, while tile houses refer to a building similar to an eaves, mainly used as a stage and hanging A place for performance props.
3. Goulan Theater.
It is one of the origins of Pingju Opera, one of the four major folk arts in China, and is also one of the most famous cultural heritages in the history of Chinese folk arts. Goulan Theater first originated in Goulan Town, Yichuan County, Luoyang City, Henan Province. It was built during the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty. It is an ancient theater built with brick and wood structure. It is also one of the largest and best-preserved ancient Pingju opera theaters in the country. one.
Overview of opera in the Song and Yuan Dynasties:
During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, Chinese opera entered a new stage of development. The combination of the emergence of Goulanwashe and the prosperity of folk folk arts enabled opera to integrate various stage means of rap, dance, and story acting. Opera, a mature comprehensive stage art form, officially appeared in the history of Chinese art.
During the Song Dynasty, Chinese social life underwent great changes. The active commodity economy promoted the development of commercial transportation networks and the prosperity of cities. In the early Northern Song Dynasty, Bianjing quickly gathered a population of more than one million due to its geographical location as a land and water city and the political reasons for the Northern Song Dynasty to establish its capital here, and became a consumer city with a highly developed urban economy and trade exchange conditions.
The prosperity of the commercial market required the reform of the urban system. Therefore, the urban city square system in the Tang Dynasty suffered a devastating impact, which led to the rise of market entertainment and the popularization of popular culture. The temptation of people in the prosperous real-life paradise has changed the psychology of the entire society. From the emperor to the common people, they were all indulged in the pursuit of worldly material enjoyment and worldly happiness.