The history of Burma's Special Region II (Wa) can be divided into three stages: (1967-1989): At a time of tribal conflagration, when the people of all ethnic groups were in a state of darkness and distress, many knowledgeable people in Wa courageously stood up. They realized that the reactionary tribal system must be overthrown in order to save the people who were in dire straits. A revolutionary armed force must be organized to achieve unity and reconciliation in Wa.
In June 1966, leaders led by Bao Youxiang and Bao Sanpan organized the Kunma Guerrillas.
In May 1967, leaders led by Iwakeng and Iwaklong organized the Iwacheng Guerrillas.
In 1968, leaders led by Lu Xingguo organized the Toshuang guerrilla team.
In February 1969 leaders led by Zhao Nilai organized the Sau Pa guerrilla team.
The emergence of these guerrillas inspired the people's desire for liberation and were embraced and loved by the people. The people actively participated in the army and war and passed on intelligence, and the ranks grew rapidly. However, these guerrilla organizations were spontaneous and scattered. They were very limited to the unification and liberation of Wa. The leaders of the guerrillas coincidentally realized that it was necessary to unify the organization, leadership and command. Leaders such as Zhao Nilai, Bao Youxiang, Lu Xingguo, and Iwakeng strengthened their contacts and, after many twists and turns, found the Burma **** Production Party. With a sincere attitude, we asked the Burma ****productivity party to lead the guerrillas in the revolution.
In March 1969, representatives of the Burma **** came to Sau Pa and Toshuang, and in July to Kunma and Iwakeng. After repeated consultations and close cooperation between the representatives of Burma*** and the guerrilla leaders, the guerrilla groups were integrated. The 4048th Battalion of the Northeast Military Region of the Burma People's Army was established on the basis of the Toshuang guerrillas, the 4049th Battalion on the basis of the Sau Pa guerrillas, the 502nd Battalion on the basis of the Kunma guerrillas, and the 501st Battalion on the basis of the Iwacheng guerrillas.
After the establishment of the troops, the Jiangdong command was formed. Members of the command are: Zhou Kun system, Guo Zhiming, Yang Fukang, Lu Xingguo, Guo Zhi, Zhao Nilai, Bao Youxiang and others. After the establishment of the command, on April 30, 70, the Menglang (new place) was liberated, followed by the liberation of Yingpan, Bangwai and Jinchang. According to the order of the Northeast Military Region, the 4048th and 4049th units went to fight in the outer regions, while the 501st and 502nd units stayed in the Wa region to fight.
In November 1971, troops and militia masses in Wa participated in the Battle of Rolling Lane.
In March 1972, the headquarters of the Northeast Military Region of Burma*** was moved to Mong Mong, and the troops stationed in Wa were 4045, 4046, 4047, 3035 and artillery battalions. By the end of this year, most of the Wa territory was liberated, and the unification of the northern and southern Wa was achieved.In 1973, the Mong Po area, most of the Monyan area and Mong Nyin and other areas were liberated.In April 1973, the headquarters of the Northeast Military Region was moved to Bong Kham, and the central headquarters was moved to Bong Sang in July 1978, where it stayed until 16 April 1989.
The Myanmar **** Producers' Party has liberated and unified Wa State and freed the Wa people from the shackles and yoke of tribal rule during the 20 years in the Wa region by taking Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought as its guiding ideology; class struggle as its outline; peasants as its foundation; military as its center; and encircling the city from the countryside, winning the war, and seizing power as its policy and line, and the people of Wa State will never forget it.
Over the past 20 years, in addition to the above troop numbers, Myanmar*** has also formed troop numbers such as 2 Brigade, 5 Brigade, 8 Brigade, 683 Brigade, 685 Brigade, 768 Brigade, 859 Brigade, 12 Brigade, 6 Brigade, 7 Brigade, 48th Division, 68th Division, and so on. At the local level, militias were also widely established, and county brigades were set up in each county. The armed forces have formed a three-pronged system of militia, local army and main army.
In terms of local power, North Wa County, South Wa County, Jingbei County and Bangkong Special Zone were formed.
Myanmar*** has been in Wa State for 20 years, running more than 20 schools and five hospitals, mobilizing the masses to repair 300 kilometers of dry-season roads, and carrying out part of the work of opening fields and digging ditches and other farmland water conservancy.
On September 9, 1985, Myanmar*** held its third national congress. Comrade Zhao Ming, was elected as a member of the Central Committee. Zhao Nilai, Bao Youxiang and Li Ziru were elected as alternate members of the Central Committee. Before and after the Third National Congress of Burma***, many internal problems occurred: the base area was getting smaller and smaller, the class struggle was getting more and more intense, the main leaders of the Central Committee were aging, rigid in their thinking, and very stubborn in their dogmatism. Big nationalism and sectarianism became more and more obvious, and the cadres cultivated cronies and ganged up with one another. Successive years of war, the masses of life year by year decline, troop supply shortages ...... this situation, many middle and lower cadres at that time put forward many improvements, but the main leadership of the Myanmar **** do not listen to, but also added "anti-Party" hat. In this case, on March 11, the former deputy commander of the Northeast Military Region of Myanmar *** Peng Jiasheng in Kokang announced that the leadership of Myanmar ***, the establishment of the Kokang National Democratic Alliance Army.
In the treatment and handling of the Kokang issue, there are two propositions within Burma***: one is a peaceful solution, the other is military suppression. Those who advocated military suppression prevailed. They organized a command headquarters and ordered Zhao Nilai, who was then the governor of North Wa County and the commander of the 12th Brigade, and Bao Youxiang, who was then the deputy commander of the Central Military Region, to lead their troops to the suppression. Both of them were cadres who advocated a peaceful solution. At this critical moment when brothers are about to kill each other, Zhao Nilai and Bao Youxiang were in a dilemma, on the one hand, they were the superior leaders, not to carry out the military order; on the other hand, they were the comrades in the same trench for more than 20 years, and they couldn't bear to kill each other. In the hopeless situation, they finally decided to break away from the leadership of Myanmar ****. This was the "4.17" incident that shocked both inside and outside the country. Peace building period (1989-1999):
On April 17, 1989, the Wa raised the flag of righteousness and broke away from the wrong leadership of Myanmar***, and formed the United Wa State Party (UWSP) and the United Wa State Army (UWSA).
The UWSP entered the peace building period (1989-1999) by entering into a dialogue with the government on May 18th and reaching a truce.
This is a milestone in the history of the Wa State. From then on, Wa entered a new period of peace building.
In August 1989, Bao Youxiang and Zhao Nilai finally succeeded in negotiating with the Myanmar government. The Burmese government established it as the "Shan State Special Region II". The government has a staff of 200 people and 1,500 "border police".
The smart Wa people have studied the word "zone" very carefully. Myanmar's "states" and "divisions" are the second level of administration of the country, especially the administrative areas of "states", which are not only parallel to "divisions", but also legally In particular, the administrative areas of "states" are not only parallel to "provinces", but also legally have the meaning of "autonomy". The "special zones", on the other hand, are only administrative units below the "states" and "provinces" and are under the jurisdiction of the states and provinces. Therefore, these middle-aged Wa men do not recognize themselves as a "special administrative region" on any occasions and refer to themselves as "Wa". The word "state" has both the meaning of "autonomy" and the meaning of being on a par with a province. Therefore, the word "state" in Wa has a very rich connotation.
The Wa State, in fact, is an organization that integrates the party, the government and the army. The important thing is the system of the party and the army. Generally there are two lines of the party and the army, the army system is more independent and important positions in the party system are also held by key leaders in the army. Examples include the Minister of Finance and Economy and the Minister of United Front Work.
The institutional-mechanical setup of the United Wa State Party is a very familiar one. The party's top leader is the "General Secretary" and there are two "Deputy General Secretaries", Zhao Ming and Xiao Mingliang. Below that was the "Politburo Standing Committee", consisting of five members: Zhao Nilai, Bao Youxiang, Li Ziru, Zhao Ming and Xiao Mingliang; the "Politburo" consisted of seven members: Zhao Nilai, Bao Youxiang, Li Ziru, Zhao Ming, Xiao Mingliang, Zhao Wenguang (Commander of the 417th Division), and Zhou Kunsheng; Members of the Central Committee consists of 15 people, by the ministers of the ministries and division commanders, military region commanders.