Xuanwu Lake (/) is located outside the northeast wall of Nanjing, and is connected with the urban area through Xuanwu Gate and Jiefang Gate. 1909 became a park. At that time, it was called Wuying Lake Park, also called Wuzhou Park and Houhu Lake. The shore of Xuanwu Lake is rhombic, with a circumference of about 10 km, an area of 437 hectares and a water surface of about 368 hectares. There are five islands in the lake, which divide the lake into four blocks, and there are bridges or dikes between the islands, which is convenient for sightseeing. The depth of this lake is no more than two meters. Fish and lotus are planted in the lake. In summer and autumn, the water is green and pink lotus flowers are hidden among them. The lake is fragrant and the scenery is charming.
Edit the lexical description of this paragraph.
Xuanwu Lake is shaped like ham. It is divided into three parts: North Lake (Northeast Lake, Northwest Lake), Southeast Lake and Southwest Lake. The north lake is shallow and the southwest lake is the deepest. Secondly, the water system of Xuanwu Lake is completely under manual control because of the connection of lakes, bridges and roads. Xuanwu Lake belongs to shallow water lake. It is 2.4 kilometers long from north to south and 2.0 kilometers wide from east to west. The bottom of the lake is thick, with an average of 70cm, mainly with fine clay; The main ditches entering the lake are South Shili Changgou, Laojiting, Spice Factory, Tangjiashan Gully, Zijinshan Gully, Gangzi Village and Jiaqian Datang, with moat and Jinchuan River in the north and Pearl River in the south.
Edit this historical introduction.
Xuanwu Lake was called Sangbo in ancient times. It turned out to be just a swamp wetland formed by faults, and the lake came from the northern foot of Zhongshan. During the Three Kingdoms period, Sun Quan, the king of Wu, introduced water into the back lake of Gongyuan, and Xuanwu Lake began to form a lake. Xuanwu Lake Xuanwu Lake is also called "Houhu" or "Beihu" because it is located in the north of Yanque Lake and Miyagi. After Qin Shihuang destroyed Chu, Jinling was changed to Moling County, and Xuanwu Lake was renamed Moling Lake. Because Jiang, a captain of Moling in Han Dynasty, was buried in this lake, Sun Quan named it "Jiangling Lake" to avoid his grandfather's anonymity. In the early years of Liu, Song, Yuan and Yuanjia, Xuanwu Lake was dredged on a large scale, and the dredged silt accumulated into an island on the water. The largest of these islands are Penglai, abbot and Yingzhou, which are collectively called "Three Gods Mountain". Perhaps this is the predecessor of Liangzhou, Zhou Huan and Yingzhou in Xuanwu Lake today. According to legend, in the twenty-five years from Liu Song to Yuan Dynasty (448), the "Black Dragon" appeared in the lake twice (probably the present Yangtze River Flower), so it was renamed Xuanwu Lake.
During the Six Dynasties, Xuanwu Lake was a paradise for feudal emperors. Song Daming built a forest garden on the lake in three years, and built a music garden and a garden on the south bank. During the period of Qi Daming, Emperor Wudi often went hunting in the middle of the night, or went to Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum or Shogunate Mountain, accompanied by tens of thousands of ladies-in-waiting in strict clothes. When he came back at dawn, he only heard a cock crow. This is the origin of the sentence "The jade in Xuanwu Lake is leaking, reminding me that chickens crow and embroider". Up to now, there is also a place name that crows near the city gate of Wu Miao. Xuanwu Lake in history is also the central base for training and reviewing the water army. When Emperor Xiaowu of Song Dynasty was on the lake twice, he also called it Kunming Lake and Lianhu Lake, but the folks called it Yinma Hall. In the ten years since the founding of the People's Republic of China, when looking at the Junhu Lake, banners covered the sky, drums and horns roared, with 100,000 soldiers and 500 ships, which was spectacular. Later generations sang, "500 ships and 100 thousand soldiers climbed the mountain to read the army array." You know, warships should be stone cities with teeth. Autumn sky on the lake, the branches of silk and bamboo, and the drums on the river head. "
Xuanwu Lake was destroyed twice in history, once in the period of Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty and once in the period of Song Shenzong. After Emperor Wendi destroyed Chen Nan, he ordered Nanjing to be leveled, and Xuanwu Lake disappeared for the first time in more than 200 years. Li Bai, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, once said: "Spring grass grows when the country dies, and there is no ancient hill when you leave the palace. After the empty lake, the waves sigh for Jiangzhou; In the ninth year of Xining in Song Shenzong (A.D. 1076), Wang Anshi was transferred to Jiangning Prefecture, and advocated "returning lakes to fields". Since then, the nightmare of Nanjing being hit by the rain has been lingering. After Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming emperor, made Nanjing his capital, it greatly expanded the scope of Nanjing. Xuanwu Lake became a moat outside the northeast wall of Nanjing, and the lake surface was only 1/3 of that of the Six Dynasties. In addition, in Zhongzhou (Liangzhou), a yellow book library was built as a forbidden place for the Ming government to store the national household registration, and ordinary people were not allowed to enter casually. At that time, people said, "Yingzhou is close at hand, and if you want to go to Qi, the island is in the air. "This is a fable, only castles in the air have a low sunset. 19 1 1 year, Xuanwu Lake was turned into a park, then Xuanwu Gate was opened and a green rainbow dike was built to connect the lake. Xuanwu Lake has become a famous tourist area in Nanjing.
Edit this section of Xuanwu Lake Wuzhou
Zhou Huan-Zhou Huan is like two huge arms, stretching out from the north and south to the lake and embracing Yingzhou. There is a rockery at the corner of Zhou Huan opposite Xuanwu Gate. There are two grotesque Taihu rocks beside the rockery. One is shaped like Guanyin, and the other is shaped like a boy, named Boy Worship Guanyin. There is a Guo Pu Pavilion on the hill behind the rockery, which is the cenotaph of Guo Pu, a famous scholar in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Guo Pu was a famous writer and scientist in Jin Dynasty. He is well-read and versatile, especially good at words and calendars. He once lived in seclusion by Xuanwu Lake. A poem "Poem of Wandering Immortals" expresses his lifelong ambition: "Beijing Ranger Cave lives in seclusion in the mountains. He Zurong, Zhu Men, don't trust Penglai. " However, he was born in troubled times and was killed because he was worried about the country and the people and accused Wang Dun of rebellion.
Liangzhou-crossing the square bridge from Zhou Huan to the north is Liangzhou, the earliest and best place on five continents, also called Lao Zhou and America. Originally the reading office of Prince Zhao Ming in Liang Dynasty, Prince Zhaoming was knowledgeable in ancient and modern times and loved mountains and rivers. His advocacy of Xiao Liang literature has created a new trend, and there is still a comment that "Mochow struggles for color from generation to generation, how can it be as clear as the words?". There is still an ancient well in the former site of Liangyuan. According to Houhu Zhi, this well has existed since ancient times. In the Ming Dynasty, a copper hook of the Six Dynasties was found at the bottom of the well, and this well was named after the copper hook. There is a two-story square ancient building in the northeast of China, which is called a famous sightseeing building. There is a platform in the north of the building, surrounded by iron railings, which is an ancient podium. There are buildings such as Friendship Hall, Chicken Pavilion and Lake Temple in the west of the building. The northwest corner of the mainland is a classical garden-style flower bed made of Yellowstone. There is a winding path paved with rain flower stones between the altars, and the phoenix pavilion is next to the flower bed. In the southeast corner is a two-story building with elegant colors and distinctive design-Baiyuan Restaurant, which serves fresh fish meals and fish banquets in the lake every day. This continent is characterized by the beauty of chrysanthemums and osmanthus. Every autumn and October, sweet-scented osmanthus is refreshing. Chrysanthemums are gorgeous and fascinating. This scene is called "Autumn Chrysanthemum in Liangzhou". This continent is separated from Nanjing Railway Station by water, and there are cruise ships by the lake, which is very convenient for foreign tourists.
Cuizhou-From Liangzhou to the east, across Cuiqiao to Cuizhou, there are outdoor theaters, Cuizhou stage, Cuihong Hall and other buildings on this continent. It is characterized by quiet trees, huge umbrella-shaped cedars, pagoda-shaped pines and cypresses and patches of bamboo forests. It is very quiet and is a paradise for lovers. This scene is called "Cui Zhou Yun Shu". Today, a water town named "Coco Xiao Xie" is built in the waters south of Xu Qiao, imitating the customs of the Dai people. It consists of more than 20 small bamboo buildings, connected by bamboo bridges. Tourists sitting in the house, drinking tea, eating, playing chess or singing, just like on a boat, have a unique taste. There are also red carp in the water for people to watch, which is a good place for leisure and vacation.
Lingzhou, formerly known as Linzhou, is located in the center of Xuanwu Lake, facing Cuizhou from north to south. There is a zoo on the mainland, which keeps dozens of rare animals, such as giant pandas and giraffes. The mainland is close to Zhongshan Mountain, which is as magnificent as Youlong, and the top of the mountain is often surrounded by purple and gold clouds. Seen from Lingzhou, the ever-changing Zijin Cloud is mysterious, so it is called "Lingzhou Shan Lan". From Lingzhou to the south, you can go out of Xuanwu Lake from Jiefangmen via Tailing Land.
Yingzhou-located in the embrace of Zhou Huan, has the reputation of "Yingzhou Flower Sea". The cherry blossoms on the mainland are like a cloud, the cherry blossoms fly lightly, the promenade twists and turns, and the square is shady; Tourists stroll in the green sea of flowers, relaxed and happy, as if they were in a fairyland. However, who would have thought that Xuanwu Lake had "disappeared" in different forms several times in history? In the Northern Song Dynasty, Wang Anshi's practice of "returning lakes to fields" made Xuanwu Lake disappear for more than 200 years. In the early Ming Dynasty, Xuanwu Lake became a forbidden place for the royal family-the Huangshuguan, which kept books on household registration and local taxes. Although it is a miracle in the history of world archives, Xuanwu Lake has become a forbidden place, isolated from the outside world for more than 260 years. After the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Xuanwu Lake gradually declined and was once renamed. The spring grass is sad, the lake is full of leisure, there is no ancient hill leaving the palace, and the waves sigh the continent. "There is a 500-meter-long winding corridor on Yingzhou, and there is a Lama Temple to the north of the corridor. There is a seven-story pagoda next to the temple, called "Nano". Cherry trees are widely planted in this continent, and cherry blossoms have also been introduced in recent years. There are many famous species. Every April, the mainland is bright, and when it encounters a little wind and rain, it will be colorful and charming. This scene is called "Yingzhou Flower Sea". In recent years, Xuanwu Lake Park has introduced many large-scale entertainment projects to entertain tourists. For example, on the right side of Xuanwu Gate is a racecourse covering an area of 3,000 square meters. The horses in this racecourse are tamed and protected by cavalry veterans when riding to ensure the safety of tourists. On the left is a sightseeing train on the lake, which bypasses Liangzhou, Zhou Huan, Yingzhou and Lingzhou to the north and reaches Tailing Land. There are also golf clubs and standard tennis courts on the west side of Tailing Land.
Edit this Xuanwu Lake food.
special
Nanjing salted duck, salted duck, crispy beef tenderloin, dried steamed bird, stinky gluten, chrysanthemum leaf duck egg soup, boiled eel slices, duck blood vermicelli soup, lion head in Lion Palace.
snack
Dried silk, sesame seed cake, steamed stuffed bun, Lamian Noodles, pancake, scallion cake, bean curd stain, noodle soup jiaozi, vegetable bag, cream sesame seed cake, sweet bean paste bag, dried shredded chicken noodles, spring rolls, sesame seed cake, beef soup, steamed dumplings, pressed noodles, crab roe noodles, long fish noodles, beef fried dumpling, braised pork jerky, braised tea eggs, sugar porridge lotus root, etc.
Qinhuai snacks
First place: Huangqiao sesame seed cake and Kaiyang dried silk in Yonghe Garden.
Second best: Jiang's beef soup and beef fried dumpling.
The third must: tofu stains and scallion cakes in Liu Fengju
The fourth must-have: duck oil crisp sesame seed cake and assorted rice in Qifangge.
The fifth measure: Qifangge dried sesame oil shredded chicken.
The sixth wonder: the sweet-scented osmanthus sandwich jiaozi and five-color cakes in Lianhu Pastry Group Store.
No.7: Smoked fish in Zhanyuan noodle restaurant, with silver noodles, and jiaozi in a thin bag.
Eight musts: Kuiguangge spiced beans and spiced eggs.
special local product
Lotus root, cherry, soju, cemetery watermelon, Zhang Xiaoquan knife, Jinling exorcism, Jinling gold foil, Yunjin, Shi Yuhua.
Edit the travel information of this paragraph.
Tour route:
Entering Xuanwu Gate, crossing the Cuihong Dike to Zhou Huan, there are rockery waterfalls and strange stones with international garden characteristics. Along the north of the dike, there are many ancient buildings, such as Children's Paradise, Guopu Pavilion, Lama Temple and Nanuota. Stepping into Yingzhou, the Yingzhou Corridor is more than 300 meters long in the north, and the Muslim canteen (now renamed Xuanwu Lake Historical and Cultural Exhibition Hall) is in the east. Cross the square bridge to Liangzhou, walk north along Bai Wan Restaurant, and immediately come to the Bonsai Pavilion, Guan Sheng Building and the parade platform. The Xuanwu Hall is dozens of meters west, where there is a cruise pier: the speedboat canoe reaches the lakeside square of Nanjing Railway Station on the other side; Buildings with historical allusions, such as Wenjige Pavilion, Lake Temple and Tonggou Well, enter Cuizhou, walk across the lake embankment, go forward, cross Lingzhou Bridge and enter Lingzhou. Along the golf course, you can see buildings such as Wu Miaomen, Guan Jingxuan, and evil spirits.
Park traffic:
Opposite Nanjing Railway Station, you can take a cruise to Xuanwu Lake Park.
You can take bus 1, 3, 8, 15, 22, 26, 30, 33, 35, 38, 52, 56, 304 ... Xuanwu Lake is located near the railway station, so the bus near the railway station can also be used.
You can see Xuanwu Lake when you get out of the train station. Taking a taxi is not recommended. If you take a car, you can consider taking a taxi. Nanjing takes a taxi to 9 yuan.
Edit the ecological characteristics of this part.
Xuanwu Lake has reached a serious degree of eutrophication, and is about to reach an abnormal organic pollution lake. Pollutants include chemical oxygen consumption, biochemical consumption, oil, nonionic ammonium, nutrients nitrogen and phosphorus, which seriously exceed the standard, with low transparency and high chlorophyll. Historically, Xuanwu Lake was rich in fish and shrimp, water chestnut and lotus root, and its aquatic resources were very rich. As a "live fish bank" in Nanjing, as early as the early 1970s, a large number of artificial freshwater aquaculture was carried out, and the fish production increased year by year. At present, there are silver carp, carp, crucian carp and bream in Xuanwu Lake, among which silver carp accounts for 80% ~ 90%. 1988 has a yield of 440t, and fishery income accounts for 22.5% of the whole lake's income. Since the early 1980s, dead fish have appeared in lakes. With the acceleration of eutrophication in Xuanwu Lake, the phenomenon of dead fish gradually developed from local lakes to the whole lake.