Tibetan opera includes four types of plays, including Tibetan opera of Tibet (Ajilam), Tibetan opera of Amdo (Nammut), Tibetan opera of Derge, and Tibetan opera of Chamdo, each of which has different characteristics of singing, music, performance, and costumes. Tibetan opera and Amdo Tibetan opera are more widely circulated and have greater influence. Tibetan opera has a long history, its origin can be traced back to the 8th century Chisong Detsen period, in the sang temple inauguration ceremony, the artists will be Tibetan folk dance and sutra stories combined into a pantomime jumping ceremony. In the past, Tibetan opera was performed in squares, accompanied only by drums and cymbals, with human voices helping the actors. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, Tibetan opera has been brought to the stage, and the singing and orchestra have been reformed, enriching the expressive power of Tibetan opera music.
Tangdong Jiebu blended the biographies in the Buddhist classics with folklore and mythological stories to create a performing art with a combination of characterization and dance and singing, so that the single kind of god-jumping dance in the past was gradually dramatized, and the means of expression were also strengthened, and separated from the religious rituals, forming the embryo of the art of Tibetan opera. Therefore, the Tibetan people honored Tangdong Jeb as the founder of Tibetan opera .
In many Tibetan opera performance venues, the audience watching the opera firstly offer the hatha in front of the statue of Tangdong Jiebu as a token of gratitude. In Tangdong Jeb's hometown even retained every time we watch Tibetan opera performances, we have to bring some green oil and wool, these gifts to the troupe indicated that the green oil, wool rubbed on the iron rope to save the good Tangdong Jeb built (no longer exists) on the iron rope bridge, so that it does not rust, and will always exist in the world . Tibetan folk songs and dances in various forms, distinctive features. Songs and dances are sung in a wide range of lyrics, such as singing the praises of the sun, moon and stars, mountains and rivers, praising the appearance of women's clothing, thinking of relatives, blessing the meeting, wishing good luck and religious beliefs and other content. Since the 1950s, the public has also made up many lyrics reflecting the new life.
Go Harmony: an ancient form of song and dance, meaning circle song and dance, widely spread, Sakya region called "Suo", Gongbu region called "wave" or "wave strong", the north Tibetan Pastoral areas, Kang area, Amdo area called "Zhuo" or "fruit Zhuo" (commonly known as pot Zhuang).
Heap Harmony: the songs and dances of western Tibet. Heap is the meaning of the highlands, referring to the Yarlung Zangbo River basin from Rikaze to the west to the entire region of Ali. Pile of harmony in Lhasa area is extremely popular.
The string: the Tibetan language called "page", "I" or "Kang Harmony", popular in Kang, Wei Tibetan area. Due to the song and dance men with cow horn Hu or erhu in front of the team to lead the dance accompaniment, it is called the strings. The strings originated in Batang, Sichuan Province, Batang strings with beautiful tunes, rich repertoire, and dance is known for stretching.
Nangma: mainly popular in the Lhasa area. The music of Nangma basically consists of three parts: a medium-speed introduction, a slow song and a fast dance. The music of the song part is elegant and beautiful, accompanied by simple dance movements; the dance part is enthusiastic and lively, the dance is light and stretching, and the performer only dances but does not sing. The introduction of the tune is basically fixed; dance part of the song is similar, most of the business mode, individual music ends in the feather, Gong mode; song part of the tune is different, some songs have close relationship with the transposition; accompaniment form and heap of harmonic the same.
Harmonizing Chin: circulating in Tibet Lhasa, Shannan, Rikaze, Ali and other regions of the ancient rituals of song and dance form, sung at grand festivals or ceremonies. Harmonization of Chin generally by the title of the song and dance song composed of a number of songs, the first and last piece of music were called "harmonization of fruit" (introduction) and "Zazhi" (auspicious), each song and dance by the slow and fast plate, or by the slow plate, plate, plate, fast plate, the music of the ancient and passionate. The music is simple and passionate. The lyrics include the origin of mankind, historical legends, and praise and blessings.
Reba Harmony: popular in the Kamba region of wandering artists performing songs and dances. Including drums and bells dance, juggling, song and dance theater, stick dance, deer dance, knife dance, Reba strings and other forms of performance. Reba string music is the same as the popular folk string, and the music of drum and bell dance includes the male lead singing of loose board and slow board singing, the music is warm and beautiful, rich in charm. In addition, there are the Zhuo Harmony (drum dance) popular in Tibet, the Xiongchong and Zhuo See popular in Zhongdian area of Yunnan, and the Duo Di Dance and Gaba Dance popular in Gannan area. There are many kinds of Tibetan national musical instruments, including plucked instruments such as Zamuni and Yangqin; bowed instruments such as Niuhu, Pastechen, Genka, Huqin, and Reimaqin; wind instruments such as harp, bone flute, tuba, horn, suona, copper flute, conch, mouth string, bamboo flute, and mud flute; and percussion instruments such as big drums, Reimaqi, Dama drums, Barang drums, gongs, cymbals, and stringed bells. Among them, Zamunie, Niuhu, tuba and harp flute are the most characteristic. Zamunie that six-stringed zither, according to legend, has a history of 600 to 700 years, is the folk song and dance heap harmony, Nangma and Zamunie singing the main accompaniment instrument. Cow horn hu, known as "Bi Wang" or "Bi Yong" in Tibetan, is similar in shape to the erhu, but the barrel is made of cow horn, and is mainly used to accompany the strings and folding ga. Due to the short bow, the long tones in the melody are played as eighth notes in the same tone over and over again, and the weak beat is added with a big second or small third degree of leaning or re leaning tone, which forms the main feature of the string music. Harp flute, bone flute in the pastoral area. The harp flute is made of wood, and the bone flute is made of eagle's leg bone or sheep's leg bone, with a high sound area, small volume, and a thin voice, often used to play pastoral tunes. Big, Tibetan said "with the Chin", made of copper, tube body without holes, about 3 meters long, the lower end of the big bla mouth, can blow out the base note and five degree overtone, volume, mostly used in the monastery ceremonial activities and Tibetan opera music.
The Chinese people *** and since the establishment of the country, especially in Tibet in 1959 after the democratic reform, Tibetan music and culture has developed a lot of areas have been set up successively in the mass art museums and professional arts and cultural performances units, such as the Tibet Autonomous Region Song and Dance Troupe, Tibet Tibetan Opera Troupe, the Qinghai Provincial Nationalities Song and Dance Troupe and the provinces (autonomous regions) belonging to the state (sub-prefecture), the county level of the cultural troupes, teams and so on, in the creation of, They have done a great deal of work in creating, performing, collecting and organizing ethnic and folk music. Famous Tibetan opera artists include Zhaxi Dunzhu, Ama Tsering, and so on; "The Legend of King Gesar" rappers include Zhongke Zaba Yumei, and so on; and folk singers include Ameyajar (deceased), Poorbuzhen (deceased), and Anne, and so on. Singers Tsetan Drolma, composers Baedeng Langji, Kelsang Daji, conductor Rizhu Duoji, etc., is a professional music workers trained after the founding of the country. Han Chinese composers such as Luo Nianyi have long been rooted in the plateau, making valuable contributions to the development of national music. Tibetan buddhist monastery architectural art, in Tibet ancient architectural art, the most rich in national and period characteristics, more built on the mountain, grand scale, momentum thick, exquisite craftsmanship, gold and blue, spectacular. From the beginning of the formation of Buddhist monasteries, to the formation of the main style of Tibetan Buddhist monastic architectural art, during which roughly went through the temple, monastery, palace and monastic architecture fusion of the three stages of development .
The most representative of the Tibetan residence is the watchtower. Diaoyuan is mostly stone and wood structure, the house outer wall is thick, simple and rugged style; outer wall upward contraction, built on the mountain, the inner slope is still vertical. Watchtower room is generally divided into two layers, to calculate the number of rooms in the column. The ground floor for livestock pens and storerooms, low height; the second floor for the living layer, the large room for the hall, bedroom, kitchen, small room for storage or stairwell. If there is a third floor, it is mostly used as a scripture hall and sunbed. Because the appearance is very much like a bunker, so it is called a watchtower.