Duanwu Festival, English: Dragon Boat Festival, the fifth day of the fifth month of the lunar calendar for the Dragon Boat Festival, also known as the Duanyang Festival, Noon Festival, May Festival, Ai Festival, Duanwu, Chongwu, Summer Festival, Poet's Day and so on. Duan means "beginning" and "first", and the fifth day of the fifth lunar month can be called Duanwu. Lunar calendar to the Earth's branch of the month, the first month of building Yin, February for the Mao, followed by May for the Wu, so that May for the Wu month, "five" and "Wu" through, "five" and for the number of Yang, so some places And the Dragon Boat Festival called May Festival, Ai Festival, Summer Festival. From the historical books, "Dragon Boat Festival" two words were first seen in the Western Jin Dynasty, Zhou Zhi, "Records of Wind and Land": "mid-summer Dragon Boat Festival, cooking wassail corn". Dragon Boat Festival is the traditional festival of the Han Chinese people in China, the essential activities of this day gradually evolved into eating rice dumplings, dragon boat races, hanging calamus, artemisia, moxa, lavender, Angelica dahurica, and drink xionghuang wine. It is said that eating rice dumplings and dragon boat racing, is to commemorate the Qu Yuan, so after liberation had the Dragon Boat Festival named "Poet's Day" to commemorate the Qu Yuan. As for hanging calamus, moxa leaves, fumigate Cangzhu, Angelica dahurica, drink xionghuang wine, it is said to be to avoid evil spirits. To this day, the Dragon Boat Festival is still a very popular and solemn festival among the Chinese people. The Dragon Boat Festival has been a national legal holiday since 2008. The state attaches great importance to the protection of intangible cultural heritage, and on May 20, 2006, the folklore was approved by the State Council for inclusion in the first national list of intangible cultural heritage.
[edit]Origin of the Dragon Boat Festival
The origin of the Dragon Boat Festival is summarized as follows: Qu Yuan
The Dragon Boat Festival in China was a festival to worship the river god and beg for harvests before the appearance of Qu Yuan. Because in the Yangtze River, there is still the "Dragon Boat Festival", that is, before and after the Dragon Boat Festival, there will be heavy rainfall caused by flooding. Ancient people believed that the flood was the result of the anger of the river god, in order to prevent the Dragon Boat Festival water to wash away seedlings and other things, held a series of rituals, hoping that the river god is happy, a good harvest. Coupled with the fact that this is generally farming plowing, rice-planting season, often have to soak in the water, drink yellow wine can effectively remove rheumatism, rumor has it that yellow wine is the gods give wine, slowly formed the habit of drinking yellow wine during this time. These are not to commemorate the formation of Qu Yuan, that is, before Qu Yuan cast the river in China has been the Dragon Boat Festival this statement, Qu Yuan cast the river more so that people remember this day, but also increased to eat zongzi, dragon boat racing, hanging Ai Ye and other ways to celebrate.
The first commemoration of Qu Yuan came from the Liang Dynasty in the Southern Dynasties, Wu Jun, "Qi Harmony Records" and the Northern Zhou Dynasty, the Security Department, "Jing Chu Years and Years Records" records. It is said that Qu Yuan threw himself into the Miluo River on the fifth day of the fifth month, and after his death, he was trapped by a dragon, and the world mourned him and threw five-colored silk dumplings into the water on this day to drive away the dragon. It is also rumored that Qu Yuan cast Miluo River, the local people heard immediately rowing boats to rescue, has been traveling to the Dongting Lake, and finally did not see the body of Qu Yuan. At that time, it was a rainy day, and the boats on the lake gathered together by the pavilion on the shore. When people learned that is to salvage the wise minister Qu Daifu, once again braved the rain, scrambling to row into the vast Dongting Lake. In order to send condolences, people swinging boat on the river, and then gradually developed into a dragon boat race. It seems that the Dragon Boat Festival to eat zongzi, dragon boat racing and commemorate the Qu Yuan related to the Tang Dynasty Wenxiu "Dragon Boat Festival" poem as evidence: "Festival points Dragon Boat Festival since who said that the rumors of the ancient for Qu Yuan. I can laugh at the empty Chu River, can not be washed straight minister injustice."
Wu Zixu, a loyal minister of Wu in the Spring and Autumn period, died of injustice, turned into a Tao God, the world mourned and sacrificed, so there is the Dragon Boat Festival. This legend is widely circulated in Jiangsu and Zhejiang. Wu Zixu, a native of Chu, his father and brother were killed by the king of Chu, and then Zixu defected to Wu, helped Wu to conquer Chu, and entered Ying City, the capital of Chu, in five battles. At that time, King Ping of Chu was already dead, so Zixu dug up his grave and whipped his body 300 times to avenge the killing of his father and brother. After the death of King Helu of Wu, his son Fu Chai succeeded to the throne. The Wu army was highly motivated and won a hundred battles, and the Yue kingdom was defeated, so King Goujian of Yue asked for peace, and Fu Chai agreed to it. Zixu suggested that the state of Yue should be completely destroyed, but Fu-chai refused to listen to him. Wu's dazai, who was bribed by the state of Yue, framed Zixu with slanderous rumors, and Fu-chai believed him and gave Zixu a sword, which he used to kill him. Zixu was a loyal man, and he was very happy to die. Before he died, he said to his neighbors, "When I die, I will dig out my eyes and hang them on the east gate of Wu Jing to see the Vietnamese army enter the city to destroy Wu", and then he cut his own throat, and Fu Cai was furious, and he ordered to take Zixu's body and put it into a leather bag to throw it into the river on the fifth day of the fifth month.
Dragon Festival, this argument comes from Wen Yiduo's "Dragon Boat Festival", and "Dragon Boat Festival History Education". According to him, the fifth day of the fifth month is the day when the "dragon" tribes in the ancient Wu-Yue region held totem sacrifices. The main reasons are; (a) the two most important activities of the Dragon Boat Festival eat zongzi and race, are related to the dragon. Zongzi into the water is often stolen by the dragon, while the race is used in the dragon boat. (B) the race and the ancient wu yue local relationship is particularly deep, and wu yue people also have broken hair tattoo "to like the dragon" custom. (C) in ancient times on the fifth day of May, there are "colorful silk arm" folk custom, which should be "like the Dragon" tattoo custom remains.
In the pre-Qin era, it is generally believed that May is a poisonous month, the fifth is a bad day, according to legend, the day of the evil sycophants, the five poisons and out. According to the Book of Rites, the Dragon Boat Festival originated in the Zhou Dynasty with the storage of orchids for bathing. The chapter "Zhong Xia Ji" in "Lu Shi Chun Qiu" stipulates that people should abstain from sex and fast in the month of May. In the Xia Xiaozheng, it is written, "This day is for storing medicines in order to remove poisonous qi." Dadailei" in the record, "the fifth day of the fifth month of the animal orchids for the bath" to bathe to drive away evil spirits that the fifth day of the death of the legend is also a lot of. The Historical Records of the Grand Historian (史记-孟尝君列传) recorded that the famous Grand Historian Meng Changjun was born on the 5th day of the 5th month. His father asked his mother not to give birth to him, believing that "the son of the month of May, longer than the household Qi, will be unfavorable to his parents." According to an anonymous article in the book "Customs", "It is said that if a child is born on the fifth day of the fifth month, the male will harm his father and the female will harm her mother. Wang Chong, author of "Lun Heng", also recorded: "taboo to lift the first month, May son; to the first month, May son to kill the father and mother, shall not be lifted also." In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the great general Wang Zhenxiao was born on the fifth day of the fifth month, so his grandfather named him "Zhenxiao". Song Huizong Zhao Ji was born on the fifth day of the fifth month, from childhood foster outside the palace. It can be seen that the ancient May 5 as a bad day, is a common phenomenon. Can be seen from the pre-Qin later, this day are unlucky day. In this way, in this day plug calamus, moxa to drive away ghosts, lavender atractylodes, Angelica dahurica and drink andrographis wine to avoid the epidemic, is a logical thing. And people also avoid the "five" taboo, called "Dragon Boat Festival".
Summer solstice, this view of Liu Deqian in the "" Dragon Boat Festival " and "" Traditional Chinese Festivals and Interesting ", put forward three main reasons: (a) the authoritative work of years and times "Jingchu years and times" did not mention the May 5 to eat dumplings of the festival custom, but to eat dumplings written in the summer solstice. As for the race, the sui dynasty du taiqing made the "jade candle treasure canon" it into the summer solstice recreational activities, visible is not necessarily to salvage the great poet qu yuan cast river. (b) Some of the customs of the Dragon Boat Festival, such as "treading on a hundred grasses", "fighting with a hundred grasses", and "picking miscellaneous medicines", actually have nothing to do with Qu Yuan. (C) The first explanation of the Dragon Boat Festival in the "Times and Favors of Huaji Li" is: "The sun leaves the sun, that is, the Dragon Boat Festival is in the middle of the summer, so the Dragon Boat Festival is also known as the Festival of the Day. The earliest origin of the Dragon Boat Festival is the summer solstice. Tui Dang out, and to commemorate the Qu Yuan said the most extensive impact. As a result of Qu Yuan's personality and artistic excellence, people are also willing to attribute this anniversary to him.
Memorial female poet Qiu Jin: Qiu Jin word Ruiqing Jingxiong, the number of Jianhu female warrior, the small word Yugu, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, good at poetry, lyrics, songs, fugue, and like horseback riding and fencing, there are flowers, Mulan, Qin Liangyu in the world of the title. 28 years old to participate in the revolution, the influence of a great, in the planning of the uprising for the Qing soldiers arrested, to the end of the day, in the thirty-third year of the Guangxu Jun 5 in the Shaoxing xuanhenkou valiantly. Posterity for the admiration of her poetry, mourning her loyal and courageous deeds, so, and the Poet's Day to commemorate her, and the Poet's Day is to commemorate the patriotic poet Qu Yuan and designated as the Dragon Boat Festival.
[edit]Dragon Boat Festival Customs
Suspended Zhong Kui statue: Zhong Kui to catch ghosts, is the Dragon Boat Festival custom. In the Jianghuai area, families are hanging Zhong Kui statue, used to suppress the house to drive away evil spirits. Tang Minghuang Kaiyuan, from the Lixan lecture martial arts back to the palace, malaria, dreaming of two ghosts, a small, small, small ghosts wearing red crotchless pants, steal Yang Guifei's scent bag and Minghuang's jade flute, around the temple and run. The big ghost is wearing a blue robe and hat, caught the little ghost, gouge out its eyes, swallowed. Ming Huang asked, the big ghost said: my surname Zhong Kui, that is, the martial arts not first, would like to remove the demons for His Majesty, Ming Huang woke up, malaria cured, and then made the painter Wu Daozi, according to what I saw in the dream painted Zhong Kui to catch the ghosts of the portrait, through the order of the world in the end of the day, all posted to drive away the evil spirits.
Hanging Ai leaves and calamus: in the Dragon Boat Festival, every family to calamus, Ai leaves, pomegranate, garlic, wormwood, dragon boat flowers, made of human figures known as Ai people. Ai leaves hanging in the hall, cut for the tiger or cut color as a small tiger, paste the leaves, women compete to wear to seclude the evil and drive away miasma. Calamus as a sword, inserted in the lintel, has the divine effect of driving away demons and ghosts.
Mugwort is a perennial herb, leaves alternate, pinnately lobed, the surface is green, the leaves are densely white hairs, stems and leaves have a special aroma. In ancient China, mugwort was used as medicine, and the moxibustion method of acupuncture is to place mugwort on acupuncture points and cauterize them to cure diseases. Ancient people also believe that mugwort can attract blessings and drive away evil spirits, as recorded in the ancient Chinese book: "When the chicken is not crowing, picking mugwort looks like a human figure, and take it, collect it to moxibustion, it is very effective. It is the day to pick the wormwood for the human figure, hanging on the household, can avoid poisonous gas." In ancient times, it was believed that after the Dragon Boat Festival, the weather began to heat up, mosquitoes and insects, prone to infectious diseases, and therefore in this day to the so-called "heaven in the five Rui" - calamus, mugwort, pomegranate flowers, garlic and shandan and other five kinds of plants, in order to drive away all kinds of poisonous.
Dragon Boat Race: At that time, the people of Chu could not bear to see the death of Qu Yuan, a wise minister, so there were many people rowing boats to catch up with them to save them. They scrambled, chased to Dongting Lake when no trace, is the origin of the Dragon Boat Race, after the fifth of May every year to commemorate the dragon boat rowing. Rowing dragon boats to disperse the fish in the river, so that the fish do not eat the body of Qu Yuan. Racing habits, prevalent in Wu, Yue, Chu. In the 29th year of the Qianlong reign in the Qing Dynasty, Taiwan began to have dragon boat races, and at that time, Taiwan's governor, Mr. Chiang Yuan-jun, hosted a friendly race at the Half Moon Pond of the Fahua Temple in Tainan City. Now Taiwan holds dragon boat races on May 5 every year. Hong Kong has a race, and recently the British have followed the example of our people, organizing their own team, the competition.
Eating Zongzi: Jing Chu people, in May 5 cook glutinous rice or steamed zongzi cake into the river, in order to worship Qu Yuan, fear that the fish ate, so the bamboo tube loaded with glutinous rice thrown down, and then gradually with reed leaves instead of bamboo tube. Packed rice dumplings local people use glutinous rice, and now there is also useful for the river rice. Stuffing is more to small date-based, local people also often use bacon, the existing land with eight treasures, meat, honey dates and other fillings.
Drinking Xionghuang wine: Xionghuang is a mineral, containing arsenic trisulfide components, mixed with wine. That is, into the andrographis wine, used to drive away insects to solve the five poisons, children coated in the forehead. Ear, nose, hands and feet heart. And sprinkled between the walls, in order to law of all poisons. The story of "The Legend of the White Snake" has been passed down in the folklore, that is, to solve the poison of snakes and vipers with androgynous wine, and the original shape of the white snake. This custom is very popular among people in the Yangtze River basin area.
Swimming in the disease: the Dragon Boat Festival custom prevalent in Guizhou. Men, women and children to the field to play, wearing new clothes, at noon around one, the road on the mountain or under the tree crowded crowd, holding flowers and plants, very happy. Home at night will be flowers and plants and water boiled bath, the elderly known as the "tour of the hundred diseases" and "wash the hundred diseases", do not go out to tour the hundred diseases and wash the hundred diseases of the people, the year will not get lucky.
Pei scented bag: Dragon Boat Festival children Pei scented bag, not only to ward off evil spirits to drive away the plague, but also a lapel head embellishment of the wind. The scented capsule inside the cinnabar, andrographis, incense medicine, wrapped in silk cloth, fragrant, and then five-color silk string buckle into a rope, for a variety of different shapes, knotted into a string, colorful, delicate and eye-catching.
Five yellows: eel, yellow fish, cucumber, salted egg yolks and xionghuang wine
Twelve reds: xionghuang wine, yellow fish, salted egg yolks, ham, oil-exploded prawns, roasted duck, amaranth, rose sand (sugar), moonflower, pomegranate flowers, cherries, loquats.
Fighting grass
The theater of fighting grass was not seen before Han. ("Social and common things through the ages - Shang Bing He") The origin is not examined, is generally believed to be related to the emergence of Chinese medicine. Ancient ancestors struggled to survive and lived a monotonous life, entertaining themselves by fighting insects, grasses and animals in their spare time, and after the legendary "Shen Nong tasted a hundred herbs" formed the science of traditional Chinese medicine, groups of people went out to the countryside every year to collect medicines at the Dragon Boat Festival, and plugged in Ai on the door in order to solve the muggy poisonous disease, which was a stereotypical custom; after harvesting, they would often hold competitions to report the name of the flower and the name of the herb to each other in the form of a battle, and those with more would win. After the harvest, competitions were often held in which the names of flowers and grasses were announced to each other in the form of duets, with the winner being the one who had more names, which was a wonderful combination of botanical knowledge and literary knowledge. Bai Juyi's poem "Watching Children's Play" says: "Getting dust or fighting grasses, enjoying playing all day long."
The original text of the book says, "It began with the Han Dynasty". According to the Liang Dynasty, Mr. Zong Security Department in the "Jingchu Years and Seasons", "on May 5, the four people and step on a hundred grasses, and there is the play of fighting grass." "Nianhua Ji Li": "Duanwu knot hut storage medicine, fighting grass, wrapped in five silk."
South and North Dynasties, called "step on the grass", the Tang Dynasty, called "fight grass" or "fight grass". Liu Binjiajian" cloud: "Tang Zhongzong dynasty, Princess Anle five days to fight the hundred grass." The Song Dynasty expanded to weekdays at any time. This has been described in the works of many literati throughout the ages.
Beijing Palace Museum collection of "group of infants fighting grass", the game is roughly as follows: both sides of the competition first pick their own with a certain toughness of the grass, (Loulan case: more for the plantain, plantain perennial herbaceous plants, mostly born on the side of the road, ditch, ridge, etc.). No stem, with most of the slender fibrous roots; leaves from the inter-root tufts, thin papery, with five main veins, entire or undulate, or sparse blunt teeth, up to 15-30 centimeters; with greenish-white sparsely flowers, corolla four-lobed, four stamens; fruit ripening will be lifted like a lid, releasing four to six brownish-black seeds, and its long flower axis, used to fight the grass of a good material.) Then cross each other into a "cross" shape and each pull with all their strength, in order to continue to win.
This kind of human pull and grass to determine the strength of the pull to win or lose the fight grass, known as "martial arts". Wang Jian "Palace Lyrics", aria fighting grass game situation: "celery leaves in the water in the soil flowers, pick up will also be avoided by all the family, always waiting for others like the number of exhaustion, sleeve flicked out of the yukon gold buds" fighting grass in addition to "martial arts", there is also a "literary fight The so-called "literary fight". The so-called "Wen Dou", is the name of the flowers and plants, "Dream of Red Mansions" 62: "Baoyu birthday day, the sisters were busy sitting and drinking and doing poetry. The maid of each house also with the master for fun, Xue Pan's concubine Xiangling and a few maids each picked some flowers and plants, fight grass for fun. This one said, "I have Guanyin willow; that one said I have Luohan pine. Suddenly douguan said, I have sister flowers, which put everyone in a difficult situation, Xiangling said, I have a husband and wife Hui. Douguan see Xiangling answered unconvinced, said: "never what husband and wife benefit!" Xiangling argued: "a branch of a flower called 'orchid', a branch of several flowers called 'Hui'. The upper and lower flowers are called 'brotherly favor', and the side-by-side flowers are called 'conjugal favor', and this one of mine is a side-by-side flower, so how can it not be called 'conjugal favor'?" Douguan was asked, then smiled and said: "According to you, a big and a small is called: 'old son and son benefit', if the two flowers open back to back can be called 'enemy benefit'. Xue Pan just went out for half a year, you want him in your heart, pulling the flowers and grasses into a husband and wife Hui, shame on you!" Said Xiangling red, laughing, ran over to screw douguan's mouth, so the two twisted rolled on the ground. All the maids play and play, very happy. At this time, Baoyu also picked some grass to join in the fun.
Duanwu Festival jewelry
Jianren, the old Jiangzhe area of the Dragon Boat Festival, a kind of women's jewelry. Generally made of gold and silver wire or copper wire gold foil, the shape of a small man riding a tiger, there are also added bells, bells, tassels and garlic, dumplings and so on. Inserted in the women's hair buns, also used for gifts. Qingjiazhu" cloud: "(May 5) city people made of gold and silver wire for the complex tassels, bells, bells and so on, riding on a tiger, very fine, decorated with a small hairpin, through for the string, or with copper wire gold foil, for women to insert the sideburns. And they offer each other gifts, and their name is Jianren." Jianren a said and Ai people agree, just to silk easy to Ai, Wu Man Yun "Jiangxiang festival word - a small preface" cloud: "Hangzhou custom, Jianren that Ai people, and easy to silk, for the camel tiger, women are wearing," like this when the role of driving away evil spirits and epidemics; that is, the ancient time of the rock, purely for women's decorations (Cai Yun, "Wu Dedication" note).
Dou Niang, the old Dragon Boat Festival women's headdress. Mostly found in Jiangnan. Some areas are also called Jianren. This object is said to have originated from the ancient step rocker, said that a different form of Ai people. Qingjiazhu" cited "Tang and Song dynasty records" cloud: "Jiang who north and south, five days hairpin color wins the system, ready to very clever. Where the fabric pin Jian system Ai leaves, or save embroidery Xian, Buddha, Hop, Wu, insects, fish, the shape of the beasts, eight treasures such as flowers. Crepe spiders, Cherry Fenglin, cocoon tiger fluffy dor, rows of grass lizards, and praying mantis spider cicada scorpion, and gourd fruits and gourds, color and realism. To add streamers, embroidered balls and tassels, bells and bells, or string, the name is Dou Niang, can not be described."
Ai Hu, the old Dragon Boat Festival to drive away evil spirits, but also for decorations. China's ancient view of the tiger as a sacred animal, commonly thought to be able to suppress the evil spirits, blessing peace. "Customs" cloud: "Tiger Yang things, the longest of the beasts. Can devour food ghosts, ...... also open up the evil. Therefore, more folk take tiger for the use of evil, especially the Dragon Boat Festival for the most characteristic of the tiger. Ai tiger or to Ai braided and cut, or cut color for the tiger, stick to Ai leaves, worn in the hair body. The Dragon Boat Festival custom of wearing Ai Hu has a history of more than a thousand years. Song Chen Yuan-gui, "the time of the year wide record" cited "the time of the year miscellany": "the Dragon Boat Festival in the shape of a tiger, up to as big as a black bean, or cut color as a small tiger, sticky mugwort leaves to wear. Wang Yigong 'Dragon Boat Festival Post' poem: 'Hairpin head of the tiger to ward off the evils of the group, the dawn driving auspicious clouds seven treasures car'." And Qing Fu-cha Dun Chong, "Yanjing times": "Every Duanyang, the boudoir of the clever, with damask made of small tiger and dumplings ...... to colorful thread, hanging in the head of the hairpin, or tied to the back of the children, the old poem: 'Jade Swallow hairpin Ai Tiger light! ', that is, this meaning."
Duanwu health practices
①Picking herbs. This is one of the oldest Dragon Boat Festival customs. The Xia Xiaozheng (夏小正) reads, "This day is for storing medicines in order to purify the poisonous air." The times of the year and the broad record" volume 22 "picking miscellaneous medicine" cited "Jing Chu times of the year record" anonymous text: "May 5, the competition to pick miscellaneous medicines, can cure all diseases." Wei "Qimin Yaojutsu - miscellaneous records", there are May catch toad records, is also a pharmaceutical. Later, there are many regions have the custom of catching toads at the Dragon Boat Festival, such as Jiangsu in the Dragon Boat Festival collection of toads, pricked its foam, the production of traditional Chinese medicine toadstools; Hangzhou people also give small children to eat toads, said that the fire can be eliminated to cool, no sores in summer. There are also five days in the mouth of the toad plug ink ingots, hanging up to dry, that is, into the toad ingots, coated in pus sores can be dissipated. The custom of catching toads to make medicine originated from the Han Dynasty "toads to avoid soldiers" legend. Another example is Hubei Jianli in the Dragon Boat Festival "picking grass", also picking herbs custom. Picking medicine is because before and after the Dragon Boat Festival herb stems and leaves ripe, good medicinal properties, only on this day to form this custom.
②Bath orchid soup. Duanwu day bathing orchid soup is the "Dai Dai Li" recorded ancient custom. At that time, the orchid is not the current orchid, but the chrysanthemum orchid, fragrant, can be decocted and bathed. There is also a line in "Nine Songs - The King of the Clouds" that says, "Bathing in orchid soup is a great way to bathe in fragrance". The Jing Chu Chronicle: "The fifth day of the fifth month is called the Orchid Bathing Festival." The Five Miscellaneous Chopsticks recorded that people in the Ming Dynasty bathed in orchid soup because it was unavailable, so they took five-colored grasses at noon and bathed in them. Later, they usually fried bushes, mugwort and other herbs to take a bath. In Guangdong, the use of Ai, Pu, Fenxian, Magnolia and other flowers and grasses; in Hunan, Guangxi and other places, the use of cypress leaves, wind root, Ai, Pu, peach leaves and other boiled into a medicinal water bath. Regardless of men and women, young and old, the whole family washed, this custom still exists today, is said to cure skin diseases, go to the evil spirit.
3 drink bushels of wine, andrographis, vermilion wine, wine sprinkler spray.
③Drinking Pu wine, xionghuang and Zhuzha wine, sprinkling with wine. Jing Chu chronicle: "Calamus (perennial herbaceous plant, born in the water's edge, with reddish rhizome under the ground, leaves shaped like a sword, fleshy inflorescences. The rhizome can be used as a spice or medicine) or skeletonized or crumbled to cold wine." Pu wine has an aromatic flavor and a refreshing taste, and later on, andrographis and vermilion sand were added to the wine. Ming Xie Zhaozhuang "five miscellaneous Tsui": "drink calamus wine also ...... and andrographis into the wine to drink." Ming Feng Yingjing "Moon Order Guangyi": "five days with cinnabar wine, to ward off evil spirits and detoxification, with wine dye forehead chest hands and feet heart, no will be venomous (ancient books say a poisonous snake) snake's disease. And to sprinkle the walls, doors and windows to avoid poisonous insects." This custom is widely spread. To date, such as Guangxi Binyang, every Dragon Boat Festival will have packets of medicine for sale, including Xionghuang, Zhu Lei, cypress, peach kernel, bushels, mugwort leaves, etc., people soaked in wine and then dipped in calabash and sprinkle the corners of the walls, doors, windows, under the bed, etc., and then wine coated with children's ears, nose and navel to drive away the venomous insects, and pray for the peace of the children. In addition, some areas also use the end of the staghorn wine in the children's forehead painting "Wang" word, so that children with the mark of the tiger, to use the tiger to ward off evil spirits. These activities, from the health point of view, or scientific reasoning. Andrographis plus water and wine sprinkled indoors can be disinfected and sterilized, drinking bushels of sprinkles is also quite beneficial.
4 tea, herbal tea. Some areas in the north, like the Dragon Boat Festival to pick young leaves, wild vegetables steamed and dried, made of tea. Guangdong Chaozhou area, people go to the countryside to pick herbs, boil herbal tea to drink. This is also good for health.
In the Dragon Boat Festival set up a variety of flowers and plants that can drive away evil spirits, the source is also long. The earliest, such as hanging mugwort on the door, "Jingchu chronicle": "picking mugwort as a person, hanging on the portal, to avoid poisonous gas." This is due to the important medicinal plants, and can make moxa velvet treatment, moxibustion points, and can drive insects. May Man contains the most moxa oil, (at this time is the peak growth period of Man) so the efficacy of the best, people also scramble to pick Ai. In addition to picking Ai Za as a person, but also Ai Za as a tiger, known as the Ai Tiger, "Jing Chu chronicles" note text cloud: "to Ai for the tiger, or cut color for the tiger, post to Ai leaves within the people fighting to wear it." At the same time, also hangs on the door and bushels of bushels and bushels of bushels peeled bushels sword, bushels of bushels tied bushels dragon. The Imperial Capital Years and Years Jisheng: "(Dragon Boat Festival) insert bushels of dragons and mugwort." Qingjialu, Volume 5: "Dai Pu for the sword, cut pong as a whip, vice to peach stalks garlic, hanging in the bed, all to but ghosts." Peach stalks are auspicious to ward off evil spirits, garlic is believed to symbolize the weapon of copper hammer, and bushels of swords, pong whip to match, in order to drive away the ghosts. Also burned wormwood to drive away mosquitoes and flies. In Hunan, Zhejiang and other places are picked kudzu hanging in the door phase, the legend is that kudzu is a chain lock ghosts, ghosts can be driven away to ward off evil spirits.
With the picking of medicine, picking Ai Pu, etc. associated with the stepping on a hundred herbs, fighting a hundred herbs and other games, is the ancient people to the field tour of the legacy of the art. Later, it developed into decorative arts such as flower arrangement.
Customs
The Dragon Boat Festival is a very popular traditional festival in China, and there are many different customs and habits around the country to celebrate this festival, with people praying for peace and safety through various methods to avoid evil spirits and keep the peace.
Anhui
Hefei, Anhui Province: Every Dragon Boat Festival, Hefei, Anhui Province, in accordance with traditional customs, have to buy mugwort inserted in the door to attract blessings to drive away evil spirits.
Shexian County, Anhui Province: Shexian County, located in southern Anhui Province, in addition to the annual Dragon Boat Festival to eat rice dumplings, hanging mugwort, dragon boat dance and other customs, there are unique jump Zhong Kui Shi Wei ghost-catching activities. Zhong Kui ghosts carrying "Zhong Jinshi out of the patrol", "silence", "avoid" sign, Zhong Kui holding a sword, wearing a broken umbrella, there are small ghosts holding a wine bowl and other folklore performances. It is understood that jumping Zhong Kui is one of the folk way to avoid evil spirits. In the past, many villages in Shexian Dragon Boat Festival have jumped Zhong Kui performance, Zhong Kui out of the patrol range is limited to the village, the village intersection, the streets and alleys to patrol to show that the thoroughness of the exorcism. Prior to prepare to receive the Zhong Kui's family, in order to achieve the purpose of seeking God to drive away the ghosts, will be burning firecrackers to help, in the sound of firecrackers, dust, the atmosphere is majestic. Some sources indicate that in the works of Chinese poets in the Qing Dynasty, there is the Dragon Boat Festival chanting Zhong Kui's poem, perhaps this time of year the weather is hot and humid people sick, plague is easy to epidemic, so please Zhong Kui to drive away the evil spirits and catch ghosts.
Hebei
Jealous of the Dragon Boat Festival well water, often pre-drawing before the festival, is said to be in order to avoid well poisoning. Marketplace vendors also in the Dragon Boat Festival to sell cherry mulberry, it is said that the Dragon Boat Festival ate cherry mulberry, can be a whole year not to eat flies.
Shandong and Northeast
Duanwu each person needs to get up early to drink a cup of wine, legend has it that can avoid evil spirits. Rizhao Dragon Boat Festival to children wrapped in five-color line, has to wear to the first rain after the festival before unraveling thrown in the rain.
Shanxi
Duanwu men and women wearing mugwort leaves, known as the "go to the disease", the youngest child is tied to the neck of a hundred rope, it is said that this is "for the Qu Yuan bound dragon.
Jiangsu
Duanwu, rich or poor, must buy stone head fish (commonly known as koji) cooking. There are also "when the pants, buy yellowtail" proverb. Nanjing Dragon Boat Festival, each family is a box of water, add a little yellow, googly-eyed money two, a piece of yellow jade, the size of the family are using this water to wash their eyes, known as the "broken fire eye", it is said to protect a year without eye disease.
Sichuan
Sichuan
The custom of "out of the Dragon Boat Festival". A large square table covered with a red carpet is carried by four people on two bamboo poles. Carpet with bamboo gabions braided a Taoist priest riding a tiger. Banging gongs and drums, street parade. In the old days, there was also the custom of "typing" at the Dragon Boat Festival in western Sichuan. On this day, Chengdu people buy plums, in the southeast corner of the city under the city tower, up and down to throw, gathered tens of thousands of observers. In Meizhou, there is also the custom of drinking xionghuang wine, said to ward off evil spirits / anti-mosquito effect. Mugwort is inserted on the door of every house on this day, which is said to ward off evil spirits.
Guangdong
Every year before and after the Dragon Boat Festival, many parents have the habit of taking their children to the riverside to soak in the "dragon boat water", in order to pray for the children's good health and grow up quickly. The Hakka people have the habit of eating dyed bitter gourd (a bitter gourd with glutinous rice mixed with minced squid and stuffed with seeds)
Taiwan
Duanwu Festival, families also have the custom of playing the "Wushihui" (午时水), which refers to the Dragon Boat Festival. This is the well water that is pumped up at noon on the Dragon Boat Festival. It is said that the water is used to make tea and wine, especially fragrant, and even raw drink has a miraculous effect of healing. There is a proverb that says: "Wash the eyes at noon (eyes), Ming to if Wu drongo", and said "noon water drink a mouth, better tonic to eat three years".
Yunnan
The people there eat peanuts, peaches and plums during the Dragon Boat Festival. But the significance of these foods is different from the South. Eating peanuts is to take its meaning of longevity, eat plums to symbolize the reproduction of children and grandchildren, and some people also believe that it can prevent heatstroke.
Zhejiang
It is customary to eat zongzi and bump boiled duck eggs.
Prevailing
With gourd: Dragon Boat Festival with gourd is the custom of the past, children, adults wearing gourd, there is to ward off evil spirits and drive away the plague. Wearing a gourd, which is a traditional cultural symbol of "good fortune and prosperity", can turn hostility into peace and enhance the aura of good fortune.
Of course, there are also the more common is to eat zongzi, drink xionghuang wine, wear scented sachets, dragon boat races, these are very popular Dragon Boat Festival customs.
Till today, every year at the beginning of May, the Chinese people have to dip the glutinous rice, wash zongzi leaves, package zongzi, its color varieties are more varied. From the filling point of view, the north more packages of small jujube Beijing jujube zong; the south has bean paste, fresh meat, ham, egg yolk and other fillings, which is represented by Zhejiang Jiaxing zongzi. Eat zongzi custom, for thousands of years, in China prevailed, and spread to North Korea, Japan and Southeast Asian countries.
[edit]Dragon Boat Festival alias
According to statistics, the name of the Dragon Boat Festival in all of China's traditional festivals in the name of the most, up to more than 20, called the festival alias of the most. If there is the Dragon Boat Festival, Duanwu Festival, Duanyang Festival, Chongwu Festival, Chongwu Festival, Tianzhong Festival, Summer Festival, May Festival, Calamus Festival, Pope Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Bathing Orchid Festival, Zongzi Festival, Wuzhi Festival, Daughters' Festival, Dilah Festival, Poets' Festival, Dragon Festival, Wuzhi - Festival of Lights, and so on.
Duanyang Festival, according to the "Jing Chu chronicle", because of the mid-summer, Shunyang in the upper May is the mid-summer, the first day of the afternoon is the first day of Shunyang good weather, it is known as the first five days of May for the "Festival of the Duanyang".
The Dragon Boat Festival, Wu, belonging to the twelve branches of the lunar calendar in May for the month of Wu, Wu, Wu homophonic, five, five heavy, so the Dragon Boat Festival is also known as the "Festival of the Dragon Boat Festival" or "heavy five festival", some places are also known as the "May Festival! The first is the "Duanwu Festival", which is also known as the "May Festival" in some places.
Tianzhong Festival, the ancients believed that the fifth day of May, Yang heavy people in the sky, so this day is called "Tianzhong Festival".
Bath Orchid Festival, Dragon Boat Festival in mid-summer, is the season of skin diseases, the ancients to orchid soup bathing to remove dirt as customary. In the Han Dynasty, the "Dai Dai Li" cloud: "noon to orchid soup bath".
The Festival, the ancients ate brown Dragon Boat Festival, there are comparisons between the length of the dumplings under the length of the leaves, the long for the winning game, so there is also a "dumplings Festival," the name.
Daughter's Day, Ming Shen Bang "Wan Department of Miscellany": "May Daughter's Day, the Department of the Dragon Boat Festival, wear Ai leaves, five poison talisman. Wan custom from the first to the fifth day of May, decorated with small girls, all state extremely research. Married women also return to Ning. Called for the daughter of the Festival."
Calamus Festival, the ancients believed that "heavy noon" is a taboo day, when the five poisons all out, so the Dragon Boat Festival customs more than drive Xing avoid poison, such as hanging in the door of calamus, ai leaves, so the Dragon Boat Festival is also known as the "calamus Festival".
[edit]Dragon Boat Festival dispute
Jiangling Dragon Boat Festival
South Korea's Gangneung Dragon Boat Festival Heritage Successful seems to give the Sino-Korean Dragon Boat Festival dispute to draw a close, but China Dragon Boat Festival whether to continue to apply for the heritage and the protection of traditional culture behind this far from being over.
In fact, South Korea Jiangling Dragon Boat Festival and China's Dragon Boat Festival is not the same thing, South Korea's successful bid, China's Dragon Boat Festival can still apply for heritage. Therefore, there is no heritage of the two countries, and the concept of South Korea "won".
South Korea's successful bid actually gives us a good inspiration: they have injected modern elements into traditional cultural activities, successfully realized modern transformation and gained international recognition, which is of great significance for the protection of China's cultural heritage.
China's Dragon Boat Festival
Following the Gangneung Dragon Boat Festival in South Korea, which was proclaimed a masterpiece of the oral and intangible heritage of mankind by UNESCO four years ago, China has initiated the process of declaring the festival a world heritage site. "China has initiated the process of declaring the Dragon Boat Festival as a World Intangible Heritage. The project has been submitted to the United Nations by Hubei Province on behalf of China. At present, the "Dragon Boat Festival" has entered the preliminary evaluation stage. The name of the heritage declared "Chinese Dragon Boat Festival", by the "Qu Yuan hometown of Dragon Boat Customs" in Zigui County, Hubei Province, Huangshi City, "Xisai Shenzhou Association" and Hunan Bioluo City, "Miluo River Festival", "the Dragon Boat Festival", "the Dragon Boat Festival", "the Dragon Boat Festival", "the Dragon Boat Festival", and "the Dragon Boat Festival". Miluo River, Hunan Province, "Dragon Boat Festival Customs", Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, "Suzhou Dragon Boat Festival Customs" four parts, the declaration materials by the three provinces joint "package". 2009 May, commissioned by the Ministry of Culture, Hubei Province on behalf of the Chinese Dragon Boat Festival. In May 2009, commissioned by the Ministry of Culture, Hubei Province on behalf of China to UNESCO submitted the declaration form and related materials. It is reported that the "Dragon Boat Festival Customs" of the above three provinces and four places have been announced as the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list in 2006.
The successful bidding of the Dragon Boat Festival in South Korea in 2005 will not affect the bidding of the Dragon Boat Festival in China. Because South Korea declared "Dragon Boat Festival" in the text, the first sentence is "Dragon Boat Festival was originally a Chinese festival, has been transmitted to Korea for more than 1500 years. South Korea's "Gangneung Dragon Boat Festival" is brewing wine from the beginning of the gods, folk activities including official slaves mask play, agricultural music competition, Hesan Odo Dai song, tug-of-war, wrestling, swinging, Chinese poetry writing contest, archery, pot throwing, etc., mostly for the people's recreational activities; while the Dragon Boat Festival in China is mainly to commemorate the great poet qu yuan main folk activities are eating zongzi, dragon boat racing, hanging calamus, and so on. Dragon boat racing, hanging calamus, moxa, fumigation Cangzhu, Angelica dahurica, drink xionghuang wine, children wear purse, five poisonous pocket, etc., intended to drive away poisonous and evil spirits. Korea's "Gangneung Dragon Boat Festival" has a set of complete