Banquet, with a series of performances, including music, poetry, pantomime and dance. It is generally believed that 1489 performed the music and dance "The Story of golden fleece" at the banquet to celebrate the wedding of the Duke of Milan in Tortona, which can be regarded as the prototype of ballet. At that time, the dance was mainly court dance, and the music used was unknown.
/kloc-In the 6th century, this kind of entertainment spread from Italy to France. The Queen's comedy ballet was performed in France in 158 1 year, which is the product of the combination of ballet and drama. Its scripts and music still exist today. Music also includes songs, which is the beginning of the Palace Ballet. /kloc-before the middle of the 0/7th century, court ballet was quite popular, and there were composers, but the score was rarely circulated so far.
/kloc-In the middle of the 0/7th century, French ballet became popular at the initiative of Louis XIV. 166 1 year, the Royal Academy of Dance was founded, with the principal J.-B. Lurie as a composer and dancer, and he composed more than 20 new ballets. 1664, Luli and Moliere started the style of "comedy ballet". 1669, France established the Royal Conservatory of Music, which promoted the specialization of ballet music. Later, it merged with the Royal Dance Academy to form the Paris Opera House, and ballet became a formal theatrical art. 1673, Luli turned to opera creation, and introduced ballet into opera, forming the convention that operas (especially grand operas) must be inserted into ballet. J.-P. Ramo once created a kind of "singing ballet", which simplified the drama to emphasize dance.
/kloc-after the 0/8th century, ballet gradually separated from singing and became an independent art (but ballet in opera still exists), and spread to European countries. At that time, there was not much music used so far. Classical composers such as Gluck, Mozart and Beethoven all wrote ballets, especially Beethoven's The Birth of Prometheus.
This stage is often called the classical ballet period. The style of ballet music has been basically stereotyped, which can be divided into three types: ① classical dance music, which is used to set off the atmosphere of group dance; It is also used to express the thoughts and feelings of the characters in the play, such as solo dance and duet. ② Character dance music developed from folk dance music, such as Spanish dance music and Mazzuca dance music. (3) All kinds of music and scene music used to accompany pantomime performances. In addition, overture or prelude, interlude, finale, etc. It should be added.
/kloc-entered the romantic ballet period at the beginning of the 0/9th century. The theme of ballet gradually turned to romanticism and developed rapidly in European countries. The position of female dancers in ballet has been improved (mainly male dancers in classical ballet), and a number of famous actors have appeared. Toe dancing has also become the main ballet technique. The more important romantic ballets are Adam's Giselle and Delib's gabriela and Sylvie. In addition, ballet adapted from instrumental music appeared, such as Fairy adapted from seven piano pieces by F.F. Chopin, and Invited Dance by C.M. von Weber was inserted into his opera Magic Bomber as ballet music 184 1. пи. Pyotr Il'yich Tchaikovsky made great contributions to improving the artistry of ballet music. His three ballets "Sleeping Beauty" and "Nutcracker"
Purple and Swan Lake introduce the characteristics of symphonic music, especially the technique of theme development and change into ballet music, making music the "soul" of ballet. Since then, music has played a leading role in ballet. The Dove of Peace was written by (1889—— 1962) and directed by Dai and An (19 12——). Composers: Zhang Yan, Liu Shixin, etc. The first performer: the dance troupe affiliated to the Central Academy of Drama (1950-1952), the first professional dance troupe in New China), and the heroine: Dai plays the dove of peace; Actor: Ding Ning Decorator; Main supporting role: Zhao Yun plays a warmonger.
The theme of this dance drama originated from the release of the Stockholm Peace Declaration-expressing the belief of China people in defending peace. Dai's "dove of peace" is a symbol of peace. Wherever she flew, she brought good news to the people, but was destroyed by warmongers. Finally, with the help of workers, she flew to Beijing and was warmly welcomed by people of all ethnic groups in China.
In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, Tong Li, a famous dramatist, dancer, musician and stage art designer, jointly presented this large-scale dance drama, which was not only a grand gathering of literary performances at that time, but also a beneficial exploration for the development of China dance drama.
Since then, the Central Experimental Opera House (founded in 1952, and based on this, the China Opera and the Central Opera and Dance Theatre were built in 1963 respectively) has successively created and performed three small dance dramas: Stealing Fairy Grass, Chi Pan in Lian Bi, and Golden Toad in Liu Hai Opera. Most of them are adapted from folklore and drama scripts, and the expression techniques are based on dance movements derived from drama. The practice of these small dance dramas gave birth to large dance dramas.
Beijing Dance School was founded in 1954 (it was transformed into a university after 1978-today's Beijing Dance Academy). Many Soviet ballet experts were invited to work in China, including W Y Joplin and P A gusev. He has taught in the choreography training class of Beijing Dance School and systematically taught the choreography of drama and ballet in Russian schools. Almost all the outstanding choreographers of the first generation in New China benefited from such training courses.
The Lotus Lantern, premiered by 1957, is the first large-scale national dance drama with typical significance in contemporary China. It is the graduation practice of the advanced students of the first choreographer class of Beijing Dance School under the guidance of Chaplin and China famous Peking Opera artist Teacher Li. Director: Li Zhonglin (1933——), Huang Boshou (193 1——), composer: Zhang Xiaohu, premiere: Dance Troupe of Central Experimental Opera House, heroine: Zhao Qing plays the Three Notre Dames; Actor: Fu Zhaoxian plays Liu Yanchang; Liu is decorated with agarwood; Main supporting role; Sun Tianlu plays Erlang God; Chen Hua plays the roaring dog; Fang Bainian plays the Great Fairy of Thunderbolt.
It is based on China's traditional fairy tale "Breaking the Mountain to Save Mother": The Fairy Three Virgin, who yearns for a better life on earth, fell in love with scholar Liu Yanchang at first sight, but was rudely stopped by her brother Jiro. With the help of the magical power of "Lotus Lantern", the third virgin defeated Erlang God, married Liu Yanchang, and gave birth to a son-Aquilaria sinensis. Whispering dog was instructed by Erlang God to steal the "Lotus Lantern" and captured the third Virgin and put her under Huashan Mountain. Aquilaria sinensis was saved by the Great Fairy from the Thunder. After practicing martial arts, I split Huashan to save my mother, and the family finally got together.
According to the rules of dance drama, the original story of Lotus Lantern is structured into six scenes, such as falling in love with the world, aloes for a hundred days, practicing martial arts in the mountains, father and son meeting, fighting for the axe, and splitting the mountain to save mother. It closely follows the theme that the three sisters resist feudal forces and yearn for pure love and free life on earth, fully mobilizes dance means and shapes six different characters. Among them, the long silk of Notre Dame, the sleeves of Liu Yanchang, the sword of agarwood, the fairy dust of the Great Fairy of Thunderbolt, the posture of Erlang God and the roaring dog are all developed and created on the basis of traditional China opera and dance, which is very expressive. The fans, handkerchiefs, "lotus fragrance" (a noisy Hua Gun) and "big head dance" (masks) displayed in the venue of "Hundred Days Aquilaria Resina" set off a happy atmosphere with colorful Han folk dances.
"Lotus Lantern" is of great pioneering significance to the development of China dance drama, and it has exerted a noticeable influence on the dance circles at home and abroad. 1959 was made into a color art film, which was widely praised. This work was nominated as a 20th century classic.
1959 Mermaids premiered by Li Chengxiang (193 1-), Wang Shiqi (1932-) and Li Chenglian (193 1- 1998). Composer: Du Mingxin premiere: Beijing Dance Academy heroine: Chen (1) Chen Zemei (2) plays the mermaid; Yao (a) and Sun (b) play hunters; Main supporting role: played by Chen.
This dance drama fictionalizes a simple but easy-to-dance story: a beautiful and kind mermaid falls in love with a hardworking and brave hunter, and Shan Yao is jealous of their beautiful love. When they held a wedding, they used magic to sink the hunter into the sea and took the mermaid away. The hunter saw through and rejected all kinds of temptations, and the mermaid persevered in love. Finally, with the help of Lao Shen, they defeated Shan Yao, and all was well, and all shall be well.
Most of the students who participated in the choreography training class were excellent dancers selected from all over the country. Gusev gave full play to the students' respective specialties, and created by stages-a masterpiece, which made this dance drama colorful and very ornamental. Among them, the duet of mermaid and hunter and Shan Yao, the dance of coral, aquatic plants and pearls in Underwater World and the snake dance that lures hunters are all quite exquisite and can be performed independently. The remarkable progress of choreography shows that the choreography of China dance drama is maturing. Exploring "making foreign things serve China" is a successful practice of China's dance drama.
The "premiere edition" of The Mermaid is recognized as "the classic of the 20th century".
1959 The knife premiered will be different from the mermaid style. Directors: Zhang Tuo (1924-), Baishui (1929- 1993), Li Zhonglin, Shu Qiao (1932-) and Li Qun (1934-); Composer: Shang Yi; The first performer; Shanghai Opera and Dance Theatre, the heroine: Shu Qiao plays Zhou Xiuying; Actor: Chen Jianmin plays Liulichuan; Ye Shi Pan Qixiang; Main supporting role: Zhang Jian, the imperial martial artist of the Qing Dynasty.
This work is the first large-scale national dance drama staged after the establishment of Shanghai Opera and Dance Theatre 1956. Since then, Shanghai has been the main position for the development of China dance drama.
1979 "Rain on Silk Road" premiered in China. It is one of the most brilliant achievements of dance drama in the new period and has epoch-making significance.
This ballet was created by a huge choreographer and director team headed by Zhao Zhixun (1934——) and Liu Luanxiong (1933——). Composer: Han, etc. The first performance: Gansu Song and Dance Troupe (later changed to Gansu Song and Dance Theatre, which is today's Dunhuang Art Theatre), with heroines: He (a) and Fu Chunying (b) playing ying niang; Actor: Zhong Minghua decorated with magic pen; Li Weimin plays Inus; Main supporting actor: Zhang Ji plays the strongman Dou Hu; Jia Shiming plays Cao Shi.
Rain on Silk Road weaves a song of friendship on the ancient Silk Road with the historical background of the prosperous Tang Dynasty in China and the spectacular Dunhuang art as the cultural background.
Border Town (edited by Xie [1957-], Wang [1946-], [1955-]; Composer: Yang Tianjie; Main actor: Wang Xia plays Cui Cui; Liu Yan Nuo song; Tao Xiaofa decorated with Tianbao; He Wei (as Grandpa) won the 5th Wenhua Award.