The North Canal was historically an important waterway leading to Beijing. From Tongxian County in Beijing, it flows through Wuqing County in Tianjin, Longfeng River, Yongding River, Qujiadian in Beichen District, Yongding New River, Guoxinzhuang, Qianlidi into Hongqiao District, and flows through the northeastern edge of Hongqiao District, Ziya River in the east of Xinhongqiao, and South Canal in Sanjiaohekou, entering into the Haihe River. The total length is 186 kilometers. Hongqiao District within the river section is about 6 kilometers long, 60-70 meters wide maximum flow rate of 100-184 cubic meters / second. From northwest to southeast, for the North Star District. Hebei District and Hongqiao District boundary river. Flows through the boundaries of North Xianyang Road, Dingzigu, Xigu, Sanjieshi and so on. Along the bank of the Peach Blossom Garden and Xigu Park and other places of interest. At the mouth of Three Forks River, there is a monument to the "Luan Luan into Tianjin Project", and along the river, there are the Right Pai Tan Ferry, the Qinjian Bridge, the Beiyang Bridge, the Xinzhuang Bridge, the Fortress Ferry, and the Sanjieshi Pedestrian Bridge. During the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, the transportation of water was greatly developed, and Tianjin was developed into a commercial port. The canal played a role in the economic and cultural exchanges at that time. In addition to shipping, the river is also a source of water for urban and rural people. Due to the terrain of northwestern China is high in the northwest and low in the southeast, the upstream slopes are steep and fast-flowing, and the downstream plains are winding and muddy, so there have been many floods in history. Now the territory of the river for flood storage.
History on the North Canal is an important canal channel leading to Beijing. It made a historical and important contribution to the formation of the city of Tianjin and the prosperity and development of agriculture, industry and cities. Anciently known as the "Imperial River", the North Canal is an important first-class waterway in Tianjin, an important part of the main stream of the Haihe River, and bears the tasks of flood control and water diversion. Tianjin implemented the comprehensive management project of the North Canal in 2001, with a total investment of 470 million RMB, constructing four theme parks, namely Luanshui Park, Beiyang Park, Royal River Park and Recreation Park, and constructing one new rubber dam, three new bridges and 18 new piers, adding 900,000 square meters of new green space, and bringing the total water surface area of the river and the total area of greening to 2.1 million square meters. After comprehensive management of the North Canal, the river water is clear, the embankment is green, the flood discharge is smooth, the environment is quiet and elegant, and the tourism resources are rich, which has become a bright scenic line.
Newly built on both sides of the North Canal are four theme parks: Luanshui Park, Beiyang Park, Royal River Park and Entertainment Park. Luanshui Park Park Park by the "Luan into Tianjin miniature landscape", "City Gathering" "flowers" flower beds, across the whole sculpture and Luan Exhibition Hall Square Street landscape composition; Beiyangyuan is a line with a "traditional ideas framed in history" as the main line, a "spirit of education rooted in the hearts of the people" as the main line; the Royal River Garden by the relief wall, chapter scenery, floating dragon, Shunshui, poetry road, the road of legends, the ancient anchors, the antique wharf seven parts; Entertainment Park by the sand pit, Decorative columns, music barge, decorative barge, fun auxiliary, son of the canal, hope seven landscape components.
The peach blossom garden built according to the North Canal embankment has more than 5,300 trees and shrubs, and more than 500 peach trees, including peach, peach, peach, peach, etc., which are in full bloom in spring. From the Beiyangqiao of Qujiadian *** with 10 docks, cruise ship round trip opposite 13 kilometers, every year from spring to fall, visitors can board the ship to visit the beautiful scenery along the way.
1. Daqing River, now the lower reaches of the Dawen River, also known as the North Sand River. Ancient Chigou former blasphemy, the lower reaches of the river was once known as the Salt River. According to the "Dongyuan Archaeological Record": the water is as clear as Ji, so Ji to clear the name. Jishui original in Yuncheng diversion north and south, South Jishui for the South Clear River. Yuan, Ming period called the South Canal, Qing Xianfeng period called the Niutou River. North Jishui for the North Qing River, because Wen Ji merge, also known as the Qing River, the name belongs to the "Ji" does not belong to the Wen. Since the Jishui not see after the flow, the Qing River belongs to the only water, so along the name of the Qing River. Before the water did not enter the JiDou, east to DaiCunBa, west through the city of DongPing north collectively known as DaQingHe. South of the city of ancient Wenhe (left and right Wen) is also known as the Daqing River, also known as the Xiaoqing River, collectively referred to as the Wenshui.
The Daqing River is the county's largest river drainage. Since the following Daicun Dam, flowing westward through the Nanchengzi, Longgu, after the pavilion, Liuze, Dainiu Village, Ma Zhuang, Wujiaman, single floor to the mouth of the horse into the Dongping Lake. The total length is 37.7 kilometers, the width of the riverbed is between 500-1500 meters, and the watershed area is 281 square kilometers. Before the founding of the country, due to the source of short and rapid flow, sand content, coupled with the embankment in disrepair, year after year break into disaster. 1918, the maximum flood flow reached 9450 m 3 / s. After the founding of the country, year by year, cultivation and repair, the river into the lake, and the river is the most important part of the river. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, year by year repair and reinforcement of embankments, widening the river cross section. The whole river flood control standard by the founding of the country before 3000 m 3 / s, increased to 7000 m 3 / s, not only reduce the serious threat of flooding, and began to benefit the people. Has constructed the flow of Ze draws clear irrigation project, in the Wuyan, junction, Wangtai, Makou and other places to build electromechanical drainage and irrigation projects. In Nanchengzi, Wu Man, single floor, North Bridge has a number of ferry, convenient for the people on both sides of the river to pass. 1958 July, Liuze Danshui Bridge was completed. 1973 December, July 1977 has constructed Liuze Bridge and Dongping Bridge (also known as Wangtai Bridge), the bridge for the double-curved arch steel and concrete structure. Nearly in the flow of Ze bridge west of the construction of a bridge, and the original bridge side by side, divided into the upper and lower roads, so that the 105 national highway traffic more convenient.
Daqing River is a beautiful landscape, the river embankment on both sides of the willow belt, stretched for dozens of miles, windproof solid embankment, spectacular. In the north, there are White Buddha Mountain, Inartune Puddle, standing on top of White Buddha Mountain, looking south, Daqing River is like a silver snake dancing. Daqing River is not only beautiful scenery, resources are also very rich, in addition to the abundance of fish, shrimp aquatic products, river sand reserves, about 60 million tons. Along the river on both sides of the people in the river sand, sand, sand, sand farms can be found everywhere, the annual mining, storage and transportation of more than 1.5 million tons, the economic income is very substantial.
2. Daqing River, one of the five major rivers of the Haihe River system in China. In the central part of Hebei Province. Length 448 kilometers. Divided into north and south two systems: the north branch of the main rejecting horse river, the source of Laiyuan County, Lai Mountain, through the Zijingguan to Zhangfang is divided into the south rejecting horse river and the north rejecting horse river. The North Reject River flows eastward and converges with the Baishi River as the Baigou River; the South Reject River flows southeastward through Dingxing and Rongcheng to the town of Baigou and converges with the Baigou River as one. The south branch is from the Tang River (滱水) and Zaolong River system into the Baiyangdian, and then eastward called Zhaowang River. Zhaowang River and Rejecting Horse River to the confluence of the new town was called Daqing River. Daqing River flows to the sixteenth fort near the confluence with the Ziya River, through the West River Gate to Tianjin into the Sea River. Along the banks of the Daqing River are distributed Baiyangdian, Dongdian, Wen'anwa and other precipitation puddles, which can regulate flooding. Upstream, there are reservoirs such as Wangquan and Xidayang to stop floods and store water. Downstream through the Duliu Reduction River to divert floodwaters directly into the Bohai Sea.
It is one of the five major tributaries of the Haihe River system, also known as the Upper West River. It is about 448 kilometers long, with a watershed area of 39,600 square kilometers. There are many tributaries in the upper reaches of the river, which can be mainly divided into two major tributaries in the north and south:
The northern branch of the Rejecting River system, and the southern branch of the Zhaowang River system. The river originates from Lai Mountain in Laiyuan County, flows northeast in the valley, passes through Zijingguan to the north, and turns to flow east to Lai
Shui County, and divides into two branches in north and south to Zhangfang Town: the north branch flows east to accept Liuli River and Xiaoqing River to Dongtz Village, which is called the North Reject River, and turns to flow south to Baigou Town from Dongtz Village, which is called the Baigou River; the south branch is called the South Reject River, and flows south-east to Baigou Town through Tingxing and accepting Yishui Water in Beihadian, and joins with Baigou River, and then joins with Baigou River. Zhaowang River is the waterway that comes out from the east of Baiyangdian. Above Baiyangdian, there are mainly Tang River and Zuma Long River. The Tang River originates from the southeast foot of Hengshan Mountain in Hunyuan County, Shanxi Province, enters Hebei Province through Lingqiu, passes through Tang County and enters the Pingyuan Plain, and crosses the Beijing-Guangzhou Railway north of Ding County and turns to the northeast and flows into the Baiyangdian. The upper source of the Zaolong River is called Dasha River, which originates from the Yinchang area at the southern foot of Taibai Mountain in Lingqiu, Shanxi Province, flows southward through Fuping, Quyang and Xinle, and then joins with the Magnet River at Wurenqiao, south of Anguo, and is called Zaolong River, which flows into Baiyangdian to the northeast. In the northwestern part of Baiyangdian, there are also the Bath River and the Fu River, which originate from the Taihang Mountains and flow into the lake alone. In the middle and lower reaches of the Daqing River, there are a series of depressions and precipitates, such as Languodian, Baiyangdian, Wen'anwa, Dongdian and so on. After passing through Dongdian, Daqing River joins Ziya River at the Sixth Fort in the western suburb of Tianjin and then enters Haihe River. Before liberation, the upper reaches of the Daqing River were flooded at the same time during the flood season, and the lower reaches were not well ventilated, resulting in frequent floods. After the liberation, a reservoir was built in the upper reaches to regulate the flood, the embankment was strengthened in the middle reaches, and the shallow river in the lower reaches was excavated to expand the capacity of flood discharge into the sea. The Daqing River has been better managed.
Tzu-ya River
Tzu-ya River
Also known as Ziya He.
One of the five major rivers of the Haihe River system in China. In the south of Hebei Province. Length 706 kilometers. Upstream there are two branches of Hutuo and Busan. The Hutuo River originates from the north side of Wutai Mountain in Shanxi Province, and along the way it receives the Qingshui River and the Yhe River in Shanxi and Hebei, and flows eastward to join with the Busyang River in Xianxian County, which is called the Ziya River. The Busyang River originates from the vicinity of Hecun in Handan City. The upper reaches of the Busheyang River are the former lands of the ancient mainland Ze (lakes) and the ancient Ningjin Po (lakes), which are low-lying and have many streams. The lower reaches of the river go through Dacheng to the Sixth Fort where it meets the Daqing River. Due to concentrated precipitation and heavy rainfall, the upper reaches of the river flow through loess areas with serious soil erosion. Roots of the Haihe River after the Ziya River upstream construction of Gangnan, Huangbizhuang, Zhuzhuang reservoirs and mountainous areas of some of the farmland soil and water conservation projects, downstream excavation of the Ziya Xinhe, diversion of floodwaters flow directly into the Bohai Sea.
A, Ziya River for the Haihe River system, one of the five rivers, is the southwest branch of the Haihe River system, originating in the east slope of the Taihang Mountains of the Busyang River and the northern slope of the Wutai Mountains from the Hutuo River convergence, the two rivers in the Zangjiaqiao convergence in Xianxian County, began to be called the Ziya River. Flow through the provinces Shanxi Hebei Tianjin more than 730 kilometers long, the basin area of 78,700 square kilometers. Ziya River through the West River Gate to Tianjin City, eleven Fort convergence of the South Canal, to the sixth Fort and the Daqing River convergence, and then to the Jingang Bridge and the North Canal merge. The other way is drained into the sea by Duliuzhi River. The total length is 474 kilometers (to Haikou), with a watershed area of 46,000 square kilometers (to Xianxian). After the establishment of the People's Republic of China **** and the State, in the following Xianxian opened ZiYa new river, through the Tianjin Beidagang into the Bohai Sea, in order to alleviate flooding.
Two, the northern source of the Hutuo River originates from the northern foot of the Wutai Mountain in Fanchi County, Shanxi Province, along the way to accept the Muma River, the Qingshui River, the Yhe River, etc., to the Huangbizhuang out of the Taihang Mountains into the plains. Flowing through Daixian County, Yuanping County and Xinzhou Basin, Yanjiazhuang in Yu County into the territory of Pingshan County, Hebei Province, through the Gangnan, Huangbizhuang Reservoir regulation, flowing through the Beijing-Guangzhou Railway and Shijiazhuang, Hengshui City, in Raoyang Dazi Village into the Hianxian panhandle to Hianxian County Junction and the Bushey River confluence, with a total length of the main stream of 588 kilometers, with a total watershed area of 24,690 square kilometers.
Three, the south source of the river out of the east side of the Taihang, on the source of many tributaries, there are sand river, lluvia river, into the plains, eastward to the vicinity of Aixinzhuang, there is the old zhanghe hosts small zhanghe confluence, the formation of the river main stream of the river, a total length of 402 kilometers, historically, the river was the river was the Handan tianjin's main shipping line of communication.
Four, ecological characteristics of the Ziya River phytoplankton biomass and composition (mg / l): total phytoplankton 9.50, diatoms 41.7%, green algae % 27.8, cyanobacteria 2.5%, A algae 23.6%, gold algae, yellow algae, 0%, nudibranchs 4.4%.
V. Current Situation Due to the drought in North China in recent years, part of the river in Tianjin has been cut off all the year round Yongding River
Yong-ting River
China's largest river in Beijing area, one of the five major tributaries of Haihe River. The upper reaches of the Sangqian River originating in Ningwu County, Shanxi Province, and the Yanghe River originating from the Inner Mongolia Plateau in Huailai County, Hebei Province, flowed to the Guanting Hall and began to be known as the Yongding River, with a total length of 650 kilometers, and a watershed area of 50,800 square kilometers. It flows through Shanxi and Hebei provinces and the cities of Beijing and Tianjin into the Haihe River and injects into the Bohai Sea. The main tributaries are the Huliu River, Yanghe River, Guishui River and Qingshui River. The Yongding River basin is prone to heavy rainfall and flooding, and spring droughts are also serious. Upstream, the Loess Plateau has low forest cover and serious soil erosion, which makes the river turbid and silts up, forming an "aboveground river" over time. The riverbed changes frequently. The characteristics of good silt, good decision and good migration are similar to those of the Yellow River, so it is called "Little Yellow River" and "Hun River". It is also called "Indeterminate River" because of its irregular migration. After the large-scale renovation of the river in the plain area in the 37th year of the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty (1698), the river was renamed to its present name. 1954 saw the completion of the Guanting Hall Reservoir with a storage capacity of more than 2.2 billion cubic meters, which basically controlled the upstream flooding.
Yongding River The Yongding River originates from Guanxian Mountain in Ningwu County, Shanxi Province, flows through Inner Mongolia and Hebei, turns into Hebei through Beijing, and joins the Haihe River in Tianjin and injects into the Bohai Sea at Tanggu. Yongding River is 548 kilometers long and flows into Shijingshan District from Sanjiadian in Mentougou District, then flows through Wulituo, Mayu, Pangcun and Shuitun, and then flows into Fengtai District through the south of Nanya Menkou Village.
Yongding River, anciently known as Bath Water, Sanggan River in Sui Dynasty and Lugou in Jin Dynasty, is in flood season from July to August every year. River water from the Yanshan Valley, cliffs on both sides, the drop is 320:1, the maximum flow of about 5200 cubic meters / second. The river water carries a lot of sediment, the river water is turbid, the annual mud content of 31.2 million tons. Yuan, Ming Dynasty, there are the Hun River, the Little Yellow River and other nicknames. Due to the river migration is not always, commonly known as the Indeterminate River, history has left a number of old ways. Among them, there are three large-scale old channels closer to Beijing: the first ancient old channel flows eastward from Nga Men Kou, turns northeast along the north side of Babao Mountain, passes through Haidian, and joins with Wenyu River along Qinghe River to the east. The second pre-West Han Dynasty old road flows eastward from Yamenkou, through Tiancun, Zizhuyuan, near Deshengmen into the city's "sea", turning southeast, through Zhengyangmen, Fresh Fish Mouth, Hongqiao, Longtan Lake out of the city. The third Three Kingdoms to the Liao Dynasty Road, from the Lugouqiao area, by looking at Dan Village, Nanyuan to Majuqiao. History of this old road lasted more than 900 years, until the Qing Dynasty Kangxi 37 years (1698), further dredging of the river, reinforcing the bank embankment, the historical name of the Wuding River was renamed Yongding River.
Yongding River, formerly known as the Wuding River, one of the seven major waterways in the Haihe River Basin, is the largest river in the Hebei system. Basin area of 47016 square kilometers, of which the mountainous area of 45,063 square kilometers, the plain area of 1,953 square kilometers. Yongding River is 747 kilometers long, flowing through Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Hebei Province, Beijing, Tianjin, two municipalities, **** 43 counties and cities. The whole basin area is 47,000 square kilometers. The upper reaches of the Yongding River have two major tributaries, the Sanggan River and the Yanghe River, which converge in Zhuguantun, Huailai County, Hebei Province, and the following section of the river is known as the Yongding River, which converges into the Gui Shui River in Yanqing County, and flows into the Guanting Mountain Gorge (the area between Guanting Reservoir and Sanjiajian) through the Guanting Reservoir. The length of the river from Guanting to Zhuguantun is 30km, and the length of the Guanting Mountain Gorge is 108.7km, and it flows into the plains at Sanjiadian in Mentougou. From below Sanjiadian to the mouth of Tianjin, the river is about 200km long, and in the water conservancy system it is divided into four sections: Sanjiadian to Lugouqiao, Lugouqiao to Lianggezhuang, Yongding River panhandle and Yongding New River.
The water conservancy facilities are Guanting Reservoir, Zhuwo Reservoir, Lupoling Reservoir, and Sanjiadian Water Conservancy Hub.
Situation:
Since the 1980s, Beijing has been a shortage of water resources, in order to meet the city's water supply, three stores above the Yongding River water is almost entirely introduced into the urban areas, so that more than 70 kilometers of the river below the three store year-round cut off the flow of the river on both sides of the river land sand, sand and gravel mining Yongding River in recent years has been rampant, resulting in gullies and ravines all over the river, the riverbed is exposed, every winter and spring seasons, the north-west winds Down the river, the capital suddenly filled with sand. Because there is no water to replenish the Yongding River, coupled with serious over-exploitation of groundwater, the western region of Beijing, the quaternary groundwater has been completely dried up, Yongding River ecosystem has been seriously damaged.