1. Roots: 3 primary roots, with secondary roots up to 2m.
2. Stem and leaves: The height of stem is about 1m, its diameter is larger than that of wheat and barley, and it has 4-8 elongated internodes. Leaf sheaths and leaves are different in color. The tongue is oval with fine teeth at the top, so it is different from barley and rye, and has no ears or is extremely inconspicuous. The leaves are slightly wider than wheat, and the variation is greater. There are fine hairs on the edge and back of leaves, which can be used as the basis for variety identification. There is a so-called leaf neck at the junction of leaf sheath and leaf, which is also called leaf seam. Most oats have developed leaf necks. 3. Flowers: panicles, with 20- 150 spikelets per spike and 2-5 florets per spikelet, usually the terminal floret is male or incomplete. The so-called "single-flowered oat" means that a flower at the base is solid; "Double-flowered Oat" has two strong flowers; There are few cases of "three flowers bearing fruit". The two glumes are equal or unequal in length, smooth and have 7- 13 obvious veins. There is an enlarged basal disk at the base of lemma, and the palea is thin and membranous, which is shorter than lemma. Stamens 3, pistil 1 piece, pinnate stigma 2-lobed.
4. Fruits and seeds: Except naked oats, oat seeds are compact inside and outside, but hulling is easier than hulling of barley. The seeds are oval with fluff on the surface, and the internal structure is roughly the same as that of wheat. Its aleurone layer has two layers of cells, while wheat has only one layer. Morphological characteristics of wheat, wheat belongs to Gramineae, there are 5 species, which are cultivated in China, mainly belonging to Langton wheat species.
1. Roots: Wheat roots consist of seed roots (also called radicles and primary roots) and secondary roots (also called nodal roots or adventitious roots). There are 3-6 seed roots, which occur successively from the lower part of hypocotyl during germination, and stop after the first true leaf appears. After the tillering began, secondary roots and one root occurred at the tillering node. Generally, every time a tiller grows, 1-2 will grow on the tiller node. When the tiller has more than three leaves, it can gradually form its own root system, so the more tillers, the more developed the root system.
2. Stems: Wheat stems are thin and upright, cylindrical and elastic. The main stem generally has 13- 14 nodes, and winter wheat generally has 9- 14 nodes, in which the aboveground nodes are extended by 4-6 nodes. In recent years, dwarf lodging-resistant varieties are mostly 80- 100cm tall. Tillering nodes are composed of non-elongated nodes, nodes and nodes with dense axillary buds below the surface of stem base, and each leaf axil has tillering buds, which can grow into tillers under suitable conditions. A large number of vascular bundles connected by branches intersect at tillering node, which is the hub of nutrient distribution and transportation at seedling stage and also the nutrient storage organ at seedling stage. A large amount of sugar was accumulated in tillering nodes, which increased the concentration of cell fluid and enhanced the cold resistance at seedling stage. Proper sowing depth can keep tillering nodes at a proper depth in the soil, which is beneficial to storing nutrients and overwintering safely, as well as tillering and cultivating strong seedlings.
3. Leaves: Wheat leaves have the following forms: (1) shield (cotyledon); (2) coleoptile (coleoptile); (3) General green vegetative leaves (true leaves); (4) The first leaf on the tiller (tiller sheath); (5) Glumes and barnacles on inflorescences (deformed leaves). The scutellum is a cotyledon, which is inserted on one side of the embryo and does not elongate. The coleoptile is an organ that protects the seedlings from being unearthed. It is a cylindrical leaf sheath with two veins and a small crack at the top, from which the true leaf protrudes. There are two colors of coleoptiles: red and green, but there are also upper red and lower green ones. Tillering sheath is a sheath-like leaf located in the true leaf sheath, surrounded by axillary buds. The leaves crack at the top and tillers protrude from the top. & ltbr & gt True leaves are normal green leaves, which are composed of leaves, leaf sheaths, leaf tongues and earlobes. The leaves are long and narrow, and the left and right are asymmetrical; The top of the first leaf is hard and blunt, and the other leaves are sharp; The old leaves have a contracted leaf bundle at a distance of 3.5 cm from the tip of the leaf. The base of leaf sheath is combined into one, and the upper part surrounds the stem separately, which can strengthen the strength of the stem and has the functions of photosynthesis and nutrient storage. Tongue, located at the junction of leaf and leaf sheath, is an extension of the inner epidermis of leaf sheath, which can prevent rain, dust and pests from invading leaf sheath. Claw hairs are attached to both sides of the leaf base, and their color is one of the signs to identify varieties. The number of leaves on the main stem varies with varieties, sowing dates and climate. General spring variety 9- 1 1 leaves, winter variety 12- 14 leaves. Near-root leaves are planted on tillering nodes and 4-6 leaves are planted on elongation nodes. Leaves on the same stem gradually grow and widen from bottom to top. Inverted two leaves are the longest and inverted one is the widest. Inverted leaves are also called terminal leaves and flag leaves.
4. Spikes and florets:
(1) Ear: Wheat is an ear, and the ear axis is composed of many wedge-shaped segments with big heads facing upwards, and the whole ear axis is zigzag. Spikelets are sessile and attached to the top of each spike node, and each spike forms a short axis, which is called branchlet stalk. Branchlets can be divided into several short nodes, each with a small flower and each spikelet with 3-9 small flowers. But generally only the following two small flowers are stronger in the theater. At the base of each spikelet, two glumes are opposite.
(2) Flowers: On the outside of each small flower, there is an external glume and an internal glume, which are opposite to each other. The outer glume is boat-shaped, with or without a canopy at the top, and the inner glume is shoe-shaped, and both sides are wrapped by the outer glume. The outer glume is inverted and has two colorless scales. Each flower has 3 stamens and 1 pistil.