I. Requirements of the Syllabus:
Identifying and modifying sentences, the types of which are: inappropriate order, inappropriate collocation, incomplete or redundant, confusing structure, unclear meaning, illogical.
Second, the examination point to explain
The candidates of this examination point is mainly based on the identification and modification. From the recent years of the college entrance examination paper can be seen in this test point proposition of the main way there are four: (1) to determine whether the sentence has a disease; (2) let the candidates in the original sentence to modify the sick sentence; (3) to determine the title of the analysis of the sick sentence is correct or not; (4) to determine the modification of the sick sentence is appropriate or not. Mostly judgmental questions appeared in Volume I, such as Question 5 of the 1999, 2000, and 2001 National College Entrance Examination questions, and sometimes they also allowed candidates to make revisions, which appeared in Volume II, such as Question 32 of the 1998 National College Entrance Examination questions.
There are many kinds of sick sentences, "the examination instructions" on the types of sick sentences clearly defined as six, we should grasp the main points of the examination and practical understanding of the essence of the targeted review of the examination points.
Three, knowledge decomposition
Types of sick sentences:
(a) improper order
Inappropriate order is common:
1, the position of the determinative and the center of the word inverted:
Example: China's production of cotton, a long period of time can not be self-supporting. ("production of cotton" should be "production of cotton")
2, put the actual words in the position of the gerund:
Example: the majority of young people showed great enthusiasm for reform. (The word "enthusiasm" should be transferred to "enthusiasm".)
3. Putting the gerund in the place of the definite article:
Example: The youth should be given full play to their roles. (Move "fully" to before "play" and delete one "of").
4, multi-layered determiners in the wrong order:
Example: the display of artifacts unearthed thousands of years ago. (should be "thousands of years ago" to "artifacts" before and after the "of")
5, multi-layer improper order of the gerund.
Example: We are no longer a country to be bullied arbitrarily by the great powers. (The word "arbitrarily" should be moved to before the word "bullied."
6. Inappropriate placement of related words:
Example: If he fails to seek truth from facts, his career will be lost. ("He" should be moved to the back of "if")
7, the subject and object are reversed:
Example: Ostrovsky's "How Iron is Made" is not unfamiliar to Chinese youth. (Should read: Chinese youth to Ostrovsky's.)
8. Inappropriate placement of clauses:
Example: For their own way, they are exploring they are judging, they are searching, they are thinking. (Should read: For their own path they were thinking, they were judging, they were exploring, they were searching.)
(2) Improperly matched.
1. Inappropriate collocation of subject and predicate:
Example: His revolutionary spirit is always in front of my eyes. ("spirit" and "emerged" can not constitute a subject-verb relationship, can be changed from "spirit" to "image")
2, improper collocation of verb-object:
example: to commemorate the arrival of the Three Leaders' Day. ("commemorate" can only be "the 8th of March", can not be "arrival")
3, modifier and the center of the inappropriate collocation:
Example: we seriously studied the staff's proposals, and humbly solicited the views of the experts. ("Serious" can not modify "study", can be changed to "serious", "careful", etc.)
4, the subject and object collocation is not appropriate:
Example: We firmly believe that one day, China's agriculture and agriculture will become a developed country. (The word "country" should be changed to "behavior."
5. Inappropriate collocation of related words:
Example: Since you're here, I should go too. ("Since" and "also" can't be used together, "also" should be changed to "on")
(3) Compositional mutilation
1. Compositional mutilation
(1) Lack of subject:
Example: Because of her good grades, she was praised by her teachers and classmates. (It should be changed to "Because of such good grades, she was praised by her teachers and classmates.")
(2) Lack of Predicate
Example: In the old society, the laboring people did not have enough food to eat or warm clothes to wear. (or remove the "life", or in the "eat" before the "living")
(3) lack of object:
Example: they embrace the motherland, look at the world, vigorously carry forward the dare to fight, and finally won the championship. (The word "spirit" should be added after the word "dare to fight."
(4) Lack of necessary additional elements:
Example: As soon as spring began, the wheat grew well and a good harvest was obtained. (The word "summer" should be added before "gained" to limit the time.)
(5) Related words are missing:
Example: The academic meeting, which was very rewarding, did not last long. (The word "although" should be added before "time".)
2, redundancy
(1) The subject is redundant
Example: Our revolutionary predecessors, for the sake of the people's interests, how much blood they shed and how many precious lives they gave. (There is a subject "revolutionary predecessors" in front of it, so "they" is unnecessary.)
(2) Predicate redundancy:
Example: Students are studying hard for the college entrance examination. (The word "meet" is "高考" not "到来", so it should be deleted.)
(3) Object redundancy:
Example: Today, I came to the place of the Slim West Lake in Yangzhou, and visited such scenic spots as the White Pagoda, the Junyu Terrace and the Wuting Bridge. (The word "place" is superfluous and should be removed.)
(4) Additional components are superfluous:
Example: In order to streamline the word count, some of them had to be slightly deleted. ("some" and the former "slightly added" duplication, you can delete a)
(4) Combination of confusion
(1) Sentence mashup
Example: you do not study seriously, how can you have good grades is conceivable. (Blending rhetorical questions and judgmental sentences together destroys the integrity of the sentence structure and tone. If you use a rhetorical question, it should be "How can you get good grades then?" (If a judgment sentence is used, it should be "Bad grades are to be expected.")
(2) Mixture of Statements
Example: Shanghai Literature and Art Publishing House will publish Survival by a Chinese-Canadian author who has been stinging overseas for more than twenty years. (It is a mixture of subject-verb-predicate and verb-verb-predicate clauses, and the phrase "by the author's hand" at the end of the sentence should be deleted.)
(E) Uncertainty of meaning
1. Uncertainty of reference:
Example: Some people advocate accepting it, while others object to it, and he agrees with it. (It is not clear whether "such a proposition" means "acceptance" or "objection".)
2, sentence ambiguity:
Example: my sister couldn't find my mom and dad and was very anxious. (What exactly is the case is "sister" heart anxious? Or "dad" "mom" heart anxious. Or is it "mom" who is anxious? (You can put a comma between "dad" and "mom" or before "dad".)
(F) Illogicality:
1. (Since he was "spared", naturally he did not die, so how can he be said to be "one of the dead"? It should read: "He was one of the many who died, but he was spared".)
2, the scope is unclear:
Example: from the development of the cause, there is a lack of scientific experts and various talents. (Various talents include scientists, should not be juxtaposed, should say "experts in various disciplines and other talents")
3, the imposition of cause and effect:
Example: I saw him twice from the factory, I realized that the old man who was eager to help the sick was originally a worker. (There is no good reason to conclude that the old man is a worker on the basis of seeing him walk out of the factory twice.)
4. Negative misconduct:
Example: In the past few years, he has accumulated a large amount of information by collecting and organizing folk songs all the time. ("all the time" that is, "at all times", the sentence expression is just the opposite, can be "forget" changed to "in")
Summary: the above classification of the sentence is not strict, for the sentence, do not have to memorize the type of the sentence, as long as more practice, to be able to find speech defects and be able to correct them can be.
Four, the college entrance examination question examples
1, the following sentences, there is no speech defects in a sentence is (1999 National College Entrance Examination examination questions)
A, this year's Spring Festival, the city's 210 fire trucks, more than 3,000 firefighters and soldiers, give up their vacations, and always stick to their respective duty posts.
B. The Consumer Rights and Interests Protection Law is popular among consumers because it strengthens people's awareness of self-protection and maximizes the protection of consumers' rights and interests.
C. She gave Zhao Changbo, an out-of-school child in an impoverished area, 400 yuan of her pocket money that she had accumulated to boot, to make sure that he could pay the tuition fee for finishing elementary school.
D. On March 17, six members were expelled from the International Olympic Committee over a bribery scandal. The next day, every major newspaper in the world gave a detailed report about the incident which shocked the international sports world.
Simple analysis: the correct choice is C. A is inappropriate, "officers and soldiers" can give up their vacations and stay at their posts, but "fire trucks" can not. B is a mixture of sentences, it should be "popular among the majority of consumers". D is inappropriate with the preposition, it should be changed from "about" to "for".
2, the following sentences, there is no language disease is (2000 national college entrance examination questions)
A, the network of short courses, in addition to Peking University's own staff, but also from Tsinghua University and other 15 years of teachers, students and scientific and technological workers also participated in the study.
B, our newspapers, magazines, television and all publications have a greater responsibility to set an example by eliminating irregularities in the use of words and enhancing awareness of the norms of the use of language and writing.
C. In the new millennium, the dragon of the Chinese nation will soar high in the boundless sky and create wonders that will amaze the world.
D, this factory is not a large specification, but has twice won the provincial science conference award, three times was awarded the title of provincial quality products, products are exported to all parts of the country and Southeast Asia.
Simple analysis: This question focuses on the ability to identify speech defects. The correct answer is C. A is a mixture of sentences, you can say "In addition to ...... students, there are also Tsinghua University ...... teachers, students and scientific and technological workers." It can also be said that "In addition to ......, trainees from ...... also took part in the study." B is illogical, "all publications" includes "newspapers and magazines", so they cannot be juxtaposed. D is inappropriate, the subject of the sentence is "the factory", "small", "was twice awarded the Provincial Science Congress Award" can refer to "the factory", but "was awarded the title of the provincial high-quality products" can not be "the factory". The company's name is "The Factory".
3, the following sentences, no language disease is (2001 National College Entrance Exam Questions)
A, in science and technology is the first productive forces of the concept of the people today, who can not believe that high-tech will bring the gospel of mankind? Because of this, it is no wonder that crooks are also trying to fish in troubled waters and put on the guise of high technology.
B. How can we make everyone rich? The key issue is that knowledge plays a decisive role. Poverty of knowledge inevitably results in poverty of wealth, and the sufficiency of wealth is often predicated on the fullness of knowledge.
C, by the Beijing People's Art Theatre, a large-scale historical drama "Cai Wenji" is scheduled to be staged on May 1 at the Capital Theatre, and is in the midst of intense rehearsals.
D. In recent years, China has accelerated the pace and scale of its higher education development, with colleges and universities further expanding enrollment and focusing on building a number of high-level universities and disciplines.
Simple analysis: the correct answer to this question is A. B is guilty of structural confusion caused by a mixture of sentences. The first part of the sentence says "how to make everyone rich", the next part of the sentence should be followed by "let knowledge play a decisive role", and still use the tone of not yet, now become already tone, obviously before and after the loss of coordination.C item guilty of self-contradictory, illogical." "" a few days ago" means "a few days ago" means "a few days ago" means "a few days ago" means "the day before yesterday". A few days ago" means "a few days ago", and "is ...... in" means that the behavior is still in progress, so these two words in the tense contradictory, should be "a few days ago" changed to "at present". D committed the problem of improper collocation of the verb and the guest, said "speed up" can be, but can not be said to "speed up the scale of", but only to say that "expand the scale of".
Fifth, the method of summary
The college entrance examination of the sick sentence does not require candidates to memorize the type of sick sentence, as long as they can find out what is wrong and modify can be, therefore, should be done to practice, to master the method of analysis and modification of sick sentences, the following briefly analyze the disease, modify the method of the sick sentence.
(A) analyze the sick sentence method
1, the sense of reading method
mobilize the sense of language, in the process of reading, from the sense of the statement of the problem, that is, according to the customary sayings to see whether it is awkward. If the awkward, then pay attention to analyze and compare, identify the reasons, such as to modify. For example:
No matter the weather and geography are extremely unfavorable, the mountaineers still overcame the difficulties and climbed to the summit. ("Regardless of ...... are ......" seems out of place, the correct expression should be "regardless of ...... how unfavorable" "Although... . very unfavorable".
2, tightening method
To remove the branches and leaves of the sentence (the definition, the state, complement) tighten out the main stem, to see whether the main stem has a problem, if the main stem is not a problem, and then check the branches and leaves of the part.
For example, his noble revolutionary qualities often come to my mind. (The main idea is that "his noble revolutionary qualities come to mind", which is clearly a misnomer for the main predicate.)
3, sentence analogy
imitating the structure of the original sentence to create a daily sentence, after comparison, it is clear whether there is a problem
For example:
This experience deserves the attention of literature and education workers, especially primary and secondary school teachers. (The original sentence structure is more complex, first compressed and simplified to "it deserves their attention". And then compared to the structure of the sentence: "It is worth their learning" "It is worth their visit", these three sentences and daily statement compared to more than one "the" word, so the original sentence should be "the importance of the teacher" in the "the" removed)
4, the logical meaning of analysis
Some of the language from the grammatical problems are not good to find the faults, it is necessary to analyze the reasoning from the logic of the meaning of the analysis method. This is the logical meaning analysis method. That is, from the use of concepts, judgment, reasoning method to consider whether it is appropriate, before and after the order of the statement, the relationship between the sentences is appropriate.
For example, (1) some people in the city are unscrupulously imitating shoddy products ......
(2) All those who have outstanding achievements are honed and torched into success in a difficult environment.
(1) The phrase "imitating shoddy products" is out of context and should be changed to "manufacturing shoddy products" or "imitating brand-name products". (2) the sentence used "all ...... all" this full affirmative judgment, overstated, should be changed to "all" for "most", after the removal of the word "all".
(B) modify the sick sentence method
Can be summarized as the word:
Increase (components of the mutilated) delete (redundant) change (improper use of words) move (improper order)
Modify is not to re-create, do not change the original meaning of the sentence. Particular attention should be paid to, can be adjusted to the order of the language is not added or deleted, can be changed in one place, never change two places, change the sick sentence should also be brief, efficient.
Example: 1. Explore the footprints of successful people, most of whom benefit from good family education and good social education.
2, Her rosy cheeks were like pear blossoms in full bloom.
3. At 6 o'clock in the morning, tens of thousands of people were already standing on both sides of the street leading to the airport.
4, in order to prevent the harm caused by tree diseases, garden workers one by one to the public **** places, parks, squares and streets of the trees.
5. The performance of the Chinese men's soccer team makes us realize that it is very important to have a good mentality.
6, a person who loves reading, since he can not have a comfortable house, quiet night, will always keep a pure reading feelings.
7. The students exchanged a wide range of views on the reform of the school's educational program.
8, whether to study hard, so that we achieve excellent results to ensure.
9, We should build up the courage to defy difficulties in our studies.
10, middle school students understand and read a large number of literary masterpieces, which is conducive to broaden their horizons and cultivate their sentiments.
Change: 1. Explore the footprints of successful people, most of whose successes benefit from good family and social education. (lack of subject)
2. Her rosy cheeks were like peach blossoms in full bloom. (Common sense, pear blossoms are white)
3. At 6 o'clock in the morning, tens of thousands of people were already standing on both sides of the street leading to the airport. (Same as 1)
4, in order to prevent the harm caused by tree diseases, garden workers one by one to the parks, squares and streets of the trees. (Parks, streets and so on are public *** places, repeat)
5. The performance of the Chinese men's soccer team makes us realize that it is very important to have a good state of mind. (The prepositional phrase does not do the subject)
6. A person who loves to read will always keep a pure reading feeling even if he can't have a comfortable house or a quiet night. (Improper use of false words)
7. The students exchanged views extensively on the reform of the school's educational program. (There is no such thing as a wide range of opinions.)
8. Whether or not we study hard is a guarantee that we will achieve excellent results. (Conditional compound sentence ,the front and back should be consistent)
9. We should set up the confidence of defying difficulties in learning. (verb-object collocation improper)
10, secondary school students understand and read a large number of literary masterpieces, is conducive to broaden the horizons, cultivate sentiment. (Literary masterpieces have to be read to be useful)
I hope you can be helpful.