Names and AddressesThe big surnames of the Kinh, the main ethnic group in Vietnam, are Nguyen, Tran, Ngoc and Le. Like the Chinese, the Vietnamese have surnames in front and first names at the end, most of them have single-surname, two-character names, and a few have single-surname, one-character names as well. Vietnamese people in the address, in addition to the first person more commonly used neutral "I" (pronounced as "heap"), the second person "you" and the third person " He (she) do not have neutral personal pronouns, and are usually addressed according to the other person's generation or status to show affection or respect. For example, to the father's generation, the second person directly with "uncle", "aunt", "uncle", "aunt", etc.; third person with "that person", "that person", "that person", "that person", "that person", "that person", "that person", "that person", "that person", "that person". In the third person, "that uncle", "that aunt", etc. are used. Vietnamese greetings do not distinguish between "morning and evening" and "hello". In addition to "goodbye", they usually use the word "call" to express their greetings. For example, when we meet, we say "call comrade" is "comrade hello", and when we part, we say "call comrade" is "comrade goodbye". ". When Vietnamese people address each other, usually the name and the last name in a row, rarely with the surname and even the first name are called, that is considered impolite. Such as a man named Nguyen Hinh Cuong, according to his age and degree of affinity, called "Cuong Bo", "Cuong Uncle", "Cuong Brother", "Cuong Dai "or "Mr. Qiang" or "Comrade Qiang".
ClothingIn ancient times, the Kinh people of Vietnam wore a variety of overdresses and long skirts. By the Middle Ages, commoners wore brown cloth and officials wore blue khaki. After the 15th century, the rich usually wore brocades and red robes for ceremonies and banquets, officials wore brown or black cloth, bureaucrats wore green clothes, and commoners wore blush-colored coarse cloth. After the French entered Vietnam, the clothing of the common people began to change considerably, with women wearing knotted tops and pants. In modern times, men in Vietnamese cities tend to wear suits and women wear flowery narrow oiled robes. Vietnamese women's robes can be said to be the national costume of Vietnamese women, the upper body girdle, highlighting the body, so that the woman looks ah Na Duozi, hem stretch, open right to the waist, easy to move. Special attention is paid to Vietnamese women wearing robes, but also wear a black or white wide-legged pants. Vietnamese women like to wear necklaces, hand thresholds, rings, more than a long shawl hair, or with hairpins tied behind the head. The beauty of Yangnuo and teeth Vietnamese Kinh, Dai, Thai, and Edi people have a special hobby of chewing Ham Ham. They often press the coconut rubbed on a little lime paste or alkali hair fire mouth chewing, so that mold hammer chemical reaction, the juice is not swallowed, down the corners of the mouth out, chewing to no juice when the slag spit out. Chewing by the nut is usually first bitter and then sweet, can stimulate the nerves, refreshing the brain, in addition to the accumulation of swelling. The Kyoto people also use the betel nut as a token of honor, giving a betel nut as a gift for marriage proposals and invitations to guests. Chewing mold nut and dyeing teeth is an ancient custom of the Jing people. In the past, men and women began to dye their teeth as soon as they reached the age of 17 or 18. According to their custom, starting to chew the betel nut and dye their teeth symbolizes that they have reached adulthood and are ready to get married. From then on, these young men and women were free to participate in any local recreational gatherings, sing songs and choose their partners. With the development of time, this ancient custom has declined, but in the Vietnamese countryside, you can still see a lot of older women with their teeth stained black and shiny. In their eyes, keeping teeth as white as jade is a sign of bad quality and improper style, while staining them black and bright is the most beautiful. Festivals Vietnam also uses both solar and lunar calendars. In addition to national holidays such as New Year's Day, International Labor Day, National Day, etc., Vietnam also celebrates the Ching Ming Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Chinese New Year Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, Chung Yeung Festival, and Spring Festival. Like the Chinese, the Lunar New Year is the biggest festival of the year. There is a Vietnamese folk song "Fat meat, ginger, onion, red couplets, flags, firecrackers and rice dumplings". It means that when the Lunar New Year comes, we have to prepare rich meat and vegetables for the festival, cook rice dumplings, put big red couplets on the door, high streamers fluttering in the wind, and firecrackers sounding. From this folk song, it is clear that Vietnamese people attach great importance to the Lunar New Year. When the New Year meets the old year, Vietnamese people also have the habit of observing the New Year's Eve. On New Year's Eve, people usually have to sleep on songs for the entertainment of the native soldiers, which later spread to the people. The so-called military drum is actually a wooden drum or foreign iron drum, two pillars in the village head, with hemp or steel wire rope will be fixed on the pillar after the drum taut, with a stick to beat the rope so that it makes a chirping sound, men and women stand on one side of each side, knocking the side of the song, laughter and joyful songs together, the atmosphere is joyful and warm. Some young men and women have built up their feelings and established romantic relationships through the songs. Ancestor worship Vietnamese, like other Oriental people, also emphasize filial piety. In every family, it is an indispensable sense for children to honor their grandparents and parents. The Vietnamese people worship their dead ancestors very much and thus attach great importance to the belief in ancestor worship, which has been inherited from generation to generation and formed into a large scale. People believe that although the loved ones died, but his soul still exists, the descendants also play a protective and supervisory role, dominate all the activities of the people, many disasters on earth, we have to rely on the first spirit of blessing and relief. Vietnamese people do not have shrines, shrines, shrines, shrines in every house, is an altar to honor the ancestors, is a sacred place to honor the ancestors of God, no one can not offend, nor can there be any defilement. In the city, due to the narrowness of the dwellings, the altars were made in small and varied ways. For example, a board was nailed to the wall or the roof of a cupboard was used as an altar for the ancestors. In the center of the altar was an incense burner, flanked by two joss sticks. In front of the incense burner is a wooden or plastic tray with a thin waist and red lacquer. Fruit is served on glass plates, in addition to a pair of vases and a number of cups and saucers for the altar. In some families, there are couplets on both sides of the altar, such as "the ancestor's merit and virtue of a thousand years, filial son and grandson of ten thousand generations of prosperity", "blessed with rituals and ceremonies of the family hall is flourishing, the lucky hair of the glory of the spring of the blessing" and so on.
Vietnamese people regard offering sacrifices to their ancestors as a major event to show their gratitude for their nurturing. Many families, despite their different religious beliefs, do not neglect making offerings to their ancestors. Before the Lunar New Year, the altar must be redecorated with incense and candles and offerings. During the three days of Lunar New Year, the altar is always covered with incense, and parents and clansmen pray before the family reunion dinner. Vietnamese people's worship of ancestors is also manifested in the taboo on names. Normally, children and grandchildren are not allowed to mention the names of their ancestors and fathers, and if some nouns in real life overlap with the names of their ancestors and fathers, they have to avoid them or replace them with synonyms. When a child is small, parents do not let him or her know the name of the ancestor in case the child shouts nonsense and disrespects the ancestor. If someone points to the name of the ancestors taunted or abusive, taunted or abusive person will think it is subjected to a strange shame, will stir up deep hatred is very big. In recent years, the taboo on names has become rare in cities, but in rural areas, the custom is still maintained. In addition to worshipping ancestors, ancient Vietnamese people were generally superstitious about City God, divination, astrology, feng shui and elves. All natural objects and natural phenomena, such as rivers, lakes, mountains, trees, wild animals, wind and rain, etc., in their minds, there are elves in them, which should be worshiped to get rid of disasters and bring good fortune. For example, in Kim Lien village, Dung Tuo district, Hanoi, there is still a tablet inscribed with the name of the God of Kao San Daewang, which was erected in 1510. In rural areas, offerings are usually made to the gods of land, banyan trees, snakes, and tigers, as well as to the center stone of the village. Centerboard, etc. People worship the tiger in places where it frequents, and they must not offend it by speaking or acting in a way that offends it, calling it "Da Wang of the Mountain" in a low voice. If you meet a tiger, not only can you not kill it, but also offer all kinds of sacrifices. Ancient Vietnamese people generally worship the evergreen, leafy trees, they believe that these long-term storms, thunder and lightning attacks on the tree can survive, there must be a god under the tree, so there are often people in the shade, especially in the banyan tree under the set incense or in the open space next to the tree to build temples, feng shui masters and fortune-tellers also often gather here.