Shaanxi opera, also known as random play, is popular in Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia, Xinjiang and other places in northwest China. Among them, the Xifu Qin Opera in Baoji is the oldest, and it retains many ancient sounds. Because it uses jujube bangzi as a percussion instrument, it is also called "Bangzi tune", commonly known as "Bangzi" (because Bangzi makes a "dreamy" sound when clapping).
Because of its different popular areas, Shaanxi Opera has evolved into different schools: Donglu Shaanxi Opera is popular in Dali and Pucheng areas of Weinan in the east of Guanzhong (namely Tongzhou Tiezi, also known as Laoqin Opera and Donglu Bangzi); Popular in Fengxiang, Qishan, Longxian and Tianshui areas in the west of Guanzhong, it is called West Road Qinqiang (also known as Xifu Qinqiang and West Road Bangzi); Popular in Yangxian, Chenggu, Hantai and Mianxian in Hanzhong area (actually, Lu Nan Qinqiang, also known as Diao Han Qinqiang and Xunxi); Popular in Ganxian, Liquan, Fuping, Jingyang, Sanyuan and Lintong, it is called North Road Shaanxi Opera (that is, Agong Opera, also known as Curbing Gongxi); Popular in Xi 'an, it's called Zhonglu Qinqiang (that is, Xi 'an's random play). After the random bombs from West Road flowed into Sichuan, they merged with Lantern Opera and Gaoqiang Opera in North Sichuan for a long time, and adopted Sichuan dialect, gradually forming a unique Sichuan Bangzi-Tanxi; East Road Random Opera also played an important role in the formation of Beijing Opera, Shanxi Opera, Henan Opera, Hebei Bangzi and other operas. Influenced by local dialects and folk music, each Shaanxi opera is slightly different in pronunciation, aria and music. In the past 50 years, the development of the east, west, south and north roads of Shaanxi Opera tends to stagnate and tends to be replaced by the middle roads of Shaanxi Opera.