Elements of beauty
Morphological beauty The beautiful mountain streams
The comprehensive beauty of the overall shape and spatial form of objective existences . Including majestic beauty, peculiar beauty, precipitous beauty, beautiful beauty, quiet beauty, open beauty and other types of beauty. The beauty of color Autumn leaves
With the change of seasons, the alternation of day and night, sunshine, rain and snow, the natural scenery and objects accordingly shine, showing a rich fantasy of color, constituting the most popular form of aesthetics. "Light is the cradle of all colors." Auditory beauty Birds by the river
Birdsong, wind, bells, water sounds in the natural landscape, in a particular environment, the landscape plays a contrasting, contrasting, accentuating the role of strengthening, they can give people a pleasing auditory aesthetic enjoyment. Olfactory beauty The light fragrance of flowers is very meaningful.
Olfactory beauty is a physiological pleasure as the main feature of aesthetic enjoyment. Including Fresh air, ocean scent, wood, grass, flowers, fruit. Dynamic beauty Flowing waterfalls
Including water flow, clouds, time, season, light, vegetation and other natural factors of the dynamic role (such as mountain scenery: spring mountain light metallurgy and smile, summer mountain verdant and dripping, autumn mountain bright and clean, such as make-up, winter mountain bleak and sleepy. From Guo Xi of the Song Dynasty) and the dynamic role of scenery and legends. Symbolizing beauty Aixin, the equivalent of love!
In the scope of aesthetics, people often rely on some specific palpable images or symbols, in a metaphorical way to convey or embody certain generalized ideological concepts, emotional interest, aspirations and ambitions or abstract philosophies, so as to objectify, so that an aesthetic attribute will be produced, called symbolic or symbolic beauty.
Type division
Geoscape
Mainly under the influence of the natural environment, the role of the earth's internal forces and external forces **** with the role of the formation. The formation and evolution of various geoscapes on the earth's surface are directly affected and controlled by factors such as strata and rocks, geological structure, and geodynamics. It includes five subcategories. (1) mountain scenery: mainly refers to the landscape, historical and cultural mountains and ice and snow peaks. China's five famous mountains: East Mount Taishan in Shandong, West Mount Huashan in Shaanxi, North Mount Hengshan in Shanxi, Middle Mount Songshan in Henan, and South Mount Hengshan in Hunan. China's four great Buddhist mountains: Shanxi Wutai Mountain (Manjushri Bodhisattva, known as the "cool Buddha country"), Sichuan Emei Mountain (Puxian Bodhisattva, three wonders: sunrise, the sea of clouds, Buddha, "Emei world show" "Xiongxiu Southwest China"), Anhui Jiuhua Mountain (Jiuzhang Bodhisattva, called "Lotus Buddha Land", "Buddha Immortal City"), Zhejiang Putuo Mountain (Guanyin Bodhisattva, called "Sea and Sky Buddha Land (the Taoist temple of Guanyin, known as "Sea and Sky Buddha Land"), Putuo Mountain, Zhejiang Province (the temple of Guanyin, known as "Sea and Sky Buddha Land"). China's four great Taoist mountains: Wudang Mountain in Hubei (Taoism's first mountain), Qingcheng Mountain in Sichuan (Qingcheng the world's ghosts), Qiyun Mountain in Anhui (Qianlong known as the first mountain in the South), Longhu Mountain in Jiangxi (the birthplace of Taoism's first school). There are also known in the world of Shandong Laoshan (Taoist mountains); Anhui Province, Huangshan (four best: strange pines, rocks, hot springs, sea of clouds) and Tianzhu Mountain; Zhejiang Province, Yandang Mountain (the first mountain in the southeast, "the world in the best"), Tiantai Mountain (Tiantai Sect of Buddhism, the birthplace of the Tiantai Sect) and the Tianmu Mountain; Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, three mountains (Jinshan, Jiao Mountain, Beigu Mountain); Wuyi Mountain in Fujian Province (the water is clear as jade, and the peaks are green as sky); Mount Lu, a famous summer resort in Jiangxi Province (four wonders: waterfalls, peaks, sea of clouds, and vegetation); Shizhong Mountain, which locks up the lake and inserts the river at the mouth of Poyang, and Jinggang Mountain, a revolutionary base (titled by Zhu De as "the first mountain in the world"); Shennongjia Mountain in Hubei Province; and Wulingyuan Mountain in Hunan Province (the birthplace of the Buddhist Tiantai Sect). "Shennongjia" in Hubei; Wulingyuan Scenic Spot in Hunan (including Zhangjiajie, Suoxiyu and Tianzi Mountain), Yuelu Mountain (Yuelu Academy, one of the four major academies in China during the Song Dynasty) and Shaoshan Mountain, the hometown of Mao Zedong; Leshan Mountain (Leshan Giant Buddha) in Sichuan; Jinyun Mountain in Chongqing; Fanjingshan Mountain in Guizhou; Guilin Landscape in Guangxi; the Four Famous Mountains of Guangdong Province - Danxia Mountain (Red Rock Park of China), Xiqiao Mountain and Dinghu Mountain (the "Green Line of the Tropic of Cancer"). "Tropic of Cancer Emerald") and Luofu Mountain; Hainan Wuzhishan; Taiwan Alishan; Jilin Changbai Mountain; Liaoning Thousand Hills and the Medical Wuluk Mountain; Tianjin Panshan (the first mountain in the East); the world's highest peak -- Mount Everest and so on. Famous foreign mountains are: Japan's Mt. Fuji, North Korea's Mt. Geumgang, South Korea's Mt. Seoraksan, Germany's Black Forest, Greece's Mt. Olympus, the roof of Africa -- Kilimanjaro, the European Alps, the U.S. Rocky Mountains and so on. (2) karst landscape: Zhaoqing, Guangdong, seven star rock has seven limestone peaks shaped like the Big Dipper seven stars, mountain caves, caves, more than a dark river, a variety of peculiar cave landforms. Guangxi Guilin landscape and Yangshuo scenery is mainly known for stone buds, stone forests, peak forests, natural bridges and other surface karst landscape. Yunnan Lunan Stone Forest Scenic Area: the surface of the Peak Forest Qibu, mainly for the tall giant stone buds group landscape, most of the gray rock peaks are distributed on both sides of the river valley, a variety of forms of stone peaks like a person like a thing, the form of realistic, lifelike, the country's 35 pieces of the Stone Forest of the province has 20 pieces of the Stone Forest; caves landscape: Jianshui Swallow Cave, JiuXiang caves, and so on. Guizhou: Huangguoshu waterfall rock wall in this province for the waterfall Hua geomorphology; local caves more geomorphology, mainly near the Huangguoshu waterfalls Longgong cave, Guizhou's Weijin cave, Qianling Mountain Qilin cave, Liping Tiansheng bridge. Sichuan: Jiuzhaigou Calcium Hua beach flow belongs to the underwater surface accumulation of landforms, such as pearl beach waterfalls; Huanglong Scenic Area Calcified pools, calcified slopes, calcified caves, etc. Composition of the world's largest and most beautiful karst landscape. Hunan: Huanglong Cave in Wulingyuan and Boyue Cave in Lengshuijiang are peculiar caves with various kinds of accumulated landforms listed therein, such as the cave of the fairy house, with endless wonders. Jiangxi: Shizhongshan Scenic Spot in Poyang Lake is full of caves on the wall near the river; Pengze Longgong Cave is 2,000 meters long, and the cave can be used for boating and viewing, which is called an "underground art palace". Zhejiang's Yaolin Fairyland, located in Tonglu County, Zhejiang Province, is a magnificent scale, landscape magnificent karst cave tourist attractions, but also the largest cave found in Zhejiang meandering today; cave length of 1000 meters, **** there are six caves, to "male, odd, Li, deep" known to the world. Jiangsu's Yixing limestone caves have "cave world" reputation, good volume hole, Zhang Gong hole, Linggu hole, also known as the "three wonders", the cave is deep, more than the strange stone columns, canoeing into the sea floor, such as the Dragon Palace. Jilin's assimilation of duck park cave, there are four halls, the cave is full of stone pillars, stalagmites, stalactites, stone waterfalls, stone curtains, stone lotuses, stone mantle and other piled up landscapes, and the depths of the dissolved rock pools, unfathomable depths, can not go. The world's famous karst landscape are: "Sea Guilin" Halong Bay, Vietnam, the United States Mammoth Cave, Malaysia, Black Wind Cave, Indonesia, Kalimantan Island Stone Forest and so on. (3) wind and sand geomorphic landscape: including wind erosion and wind sand geomorphology. The former includes wind-eroded columns, wind-eroded mushrooms, wind-eroded ridge grooves, wind-eroded castles, etc., such as the wind-eroded "Devil's Town" in Urhe, Xinjiang, "Yadan" landforms in Lop Nor; the latter refers to the formation of sand dunes and sandy cliffs formed by the accumulation of sand and sand, such as the Mingsha Mountain in the Crescent Spring in Dunhuang, China and Shapotou in Zhongwei, Ningxia, all of which have their own sandy cliffs. Shapotou in Zhongwei, Ningxia, all have the phenomenon of sand. There are also some "crescent type" sand dunes, "pyramid type" sand dunes and other scenery is also very spectacular, such as the Taklamakan Desert and Badanjilin Desert are a large number of "crescent type" sand dunes, "Pyramidal" sand dune distribution. The world's famous wind and sand landscape has the African Sahara Desert, the United States "colorful desert" and so on. (4) Coastal geomorphic landscape: including sea erosion landforms, sea accumulation landforms, rocky coasts, sandy coasts, mangrove coasts, coral reef coasts and other forms. Blue sky and blue water, golden sand and fine waves, sunrise and sunset, and some sea mirage. China's famous coast is rich in tourism resources. Such as Dalian Jinshitan, where there are mesmerizing reef wonders, and sea cliffs, sea erosion of dissolved grooves and other coastal landforms fully developed, or the famous sea bathing beaches. Hebei Changli Gold Coast, Shandong Qingdao coast, Jiangsu Lianyungang and Zhejiang Zhoushan, Fujian Pingtan Island and Xiamen Gulangyu Island, Hainan Sanya Tianya Haijiao, Taiwan Qingshui cliffs, mangrove coast of Guangxi, etc. are China's more famous coastal landscape resources. The world-famous coastal landscape of the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa, Norway's west coast of the fjords, Thailand Phuket, France Corsica, Australia's Great Barrier Reef and so on. (5) Exotic landscape: the world's rarer landscapes, such as Australia's Ayers Boulder, the United States, Colorado Grand Canyon, Guizhou, China, known for the seam, sinkhole, peaks and forests of the three best Maling River seam rift valley landscapes, Heilongjiang, Wudalianchi volcanic lava landscape featuring the Shilong Shihai and volcanic craters, the Fujian Yuanyang Creek, Bashuiyang underwater slate plaza, Yuanmou, Yunnan, Tulin, and so on.
Waterscape
Waterscape is an important part of the natural landscape, is the "spirit" of the place. Rivers, lakes and seas, waterfalls and springs, icebergs and snowy peaks not only alone into the scenery, but also embellish the surrounding landscape, making the mountains live by the water, the sky get water and show. Water scenery is moving in a static, static in motion. It has the following categories. (1) rivers and streams: including large rivers and their alluvial famous canyons, such as the famous Three Gorges of the Yangtze River (Qutang Gorge, Wu Gorge, Xiling Gorge), the first bay of the Yangtze River - Tiger Leaping Gorge, the world's first large canyon (the deepest and longest) - Yarlung Zangbo River Grand Canyon, the world's first long - the Nile River, the scenic gallery - Europe's "Blue Danube "Russia's mother river - the Volga and so on. Also includes some rivers and streams, such as the Li River scenery in Guangxi ("mountains, water, cave, stone beauty"), the beautiful Fuchun River - Xin'an River and so on. Another is the mountain stream landscape, such as Fujian Wuyishan Jiuqu Stream, known as "three three show water as clear as jade", Xiangxi Zhangjiajie landscape soul - Golden Whip Stream, as well as the Daning River Three Gorges, Fujian Yuanyang Stream, Hubei Shennong Stream, and many other famous streams and landscapes. (2) Lakes: Famous natural lakes include: Dongting Lake with its "one color in the water and sky, boundless wind and moon", West Lake in Hangzhou with its glistening water and "wanting to compare the West Lake with the West Lake", Dianchi Lake in Kunming, Yunnan Province, and Erhai Sea in Dali (tectonic lakes), and China's largest volcanic weir lake - Heilongjiang Province. Mirror Lake (volcanic lake), Queen Mother's Yaochi Wonderland - Xinjiang Tianshan Tianchi (ice lake), Kuangxiu Taihu Lake (lagoon), Changbaishan Tianchi (volcanic lake), China's largest lake - Qinghai Lake (tectonic lake), China's first freshwater lake - Poyang Lake (tectonic lake), Gansu Dunhuang Crescent Springs (wind-eroded lake). The world's largest saltwater lake - the Caspian Sea, the world's deepest lake - Russia's Lake Baikal, the world's largest freshwater lakes - North America's Great Lakes (Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, Lake Huron, Lake Erie, Lake Ontario), the world's first lowlands - the Dead Sea on the border of Jordan and Israel, Switzerland's Lake Geneva, Lake Ness in Britain and so on. (3) waterfalls and springs: from the steep cans and cliffs pouring down the water known as waterfalls. China's famous waterfall landscape are: China's three famous waterfalls, namely, huangguoshu waterfalls in guizhou (karst waterfalls), hukou waterfalls on the yellow river (difference erosion waterfalls), heilongjiang hanging waterfalls (volcano lava waterfalls), there are also the famous "three thousand feet straight down" lushan incense burner waterfalls (structural waterfalls), lushan triple springs waterfalls and Kaixian Waterfall, Sichuan Jiuzhaigou Waterfalls, Hunan Hengshan Waterfall Cave, Jiangsu Lianyungang Yuntai Mountain Waterfall Cave ("Journey to the West" Waterfall Cave), Hubei Shennongjia Waterfall Cave, Henan Tongbai Mountain Waterfall Cave, Fujian Wuyi Mountain Waterfall Cave and so on. World famous waterfalls: the world's three major waterfalls, namely, Victoria Falls in Africa, South America, Iguazu Falls and Niagara Falls in North America, the world's largest waterfalls -- South America, Angel Falls and so on. The natural outcropping of groundwater on the surface is called a spring. China's famous springs are mainly seven tea springs, namely, Zhenjiang in the cold spring, Wuxi Huishan spring (the world's second spring), Hangzhou, Hangzhou Hupeng spring, Shangrao Lu Yu spring, Yangzhou Lean West Lake spring, Mount Lushan attraction springs, Huayuan White Milk Springs; with the value of health care in Hunan Anning, the "world's first soup," Anhui, Huangshan Tangquan, Guangdong, Guangdong Conghua hot springs, Shaanxi, Lintong, Huaqingchi Chongqing North and South Hot Springs, Northeast Wudalianchi medicinal springs; with the brewing function of Qingdao Laoshan Shenshui Spring (Tsingtao Beer), Sichuan "Golden Fish Spring" (Wuliangye), Guizhou Chishui River clear springs (Moutai Wine); with the ornamental value of the Jinan Baotu (Jinan is known as the city of springs) Qianlong Royal seal " The first spring in the world", Sichuan Guangyuan Shrinking Cave Shy Spring, Yunnan Dali Butterfly Spring, Hunan Jiahe Pearl Spring, Hebei Yosanpo Fish Spring and so on. World-famous springs are: the United States of America Yellowstone Park geyser (honest spring). (4) glacier landscape: mainly high mountains and high latitude areas with special morphological features and geomorphological landscape features of the waterscape resources. China's Mount Everest glacier, Tianshan one glacier, Sichuan Helugou glacier and Xuebodin, Jiayuguan Qilianshan seven glaciers, as well as the world-famous Mount Blanc, Mount Kilimanjaro, Mount Fuji, Arctic glaciers, Antarctic glaciers and so on. Glacier landscape tourism resources mainly to tall mountains as dependent conditions, so the taller mountains generally become the first choice for glacier landscape tourism. (5) Scenic sea: mainly with the coast and islands and as one of the composite landscape. Including tidal wave, tsunami, sea breeze, mirage and so on. Such as "spectacular world without" the Qiantang River tide, Hainan Sanya Yalong Bay has a beautiful coral landscape and crescent-shaped sandy beaches, known as the "Oriental Hawaii", "Summer Capital" Beidaihe has a Charming scenery; the world-famous scenic waters of the United States, Hawaii Wahu Island, Wahiki Beach to "sand, waves, rows of palm trees" known, the Mediterranean Sea sections were "sky blue coast" "Emerald Coast The Mediterranean sections are famous for their beautiful names such as "Sky Blue Coast", "Emerald Coast", "Golden Coast", "Sun Coast" and "Bright Coast", such as Spain's famous "Costa del Sol". The "Costa del Sol" in Spain is famous for its sunshine.
Biological Landscape
The existence of living creatures makes the world wonderful, and a variety of plants and animals enliven the surface of the earth. Various kinds of plants and animals are pleasing to the eyes of human beings, and many of them have valuable scientific research value, beautify and purify the environment. Biological landscape is broadly divided into the following five categories. (1) Forest landscape: refers to wild, native and artificial forests with unique aesthetic values and functions. Forest landscapes can be used for exploration, curiosity-seeking, secluded exploration, scientific investigation, convalescence, fitness, eco-tourism and collection of wildlife specimens. Hunan Zhangjiajie National Forest Park (China's first national forest park), Yunnan Xishuangbanna Primitive Forest Landscape ("Kingdom of Plants" and "Kingdom of Animals"), Northeast Changbaishan Primitive Forest (free gene pool of temperate organisms, home of the red pine), Guangdong Zhaoqing Dinghu Mountain subtropical monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest (the emerald on the Tropic of Cancer), the Tiantangzhai National Forest Park in Jinzhai County, Anhui Province (the most of the Chinese plant kingdom), the mangrove forests in the southeast of Hepu County, Guangxi Province, the "Shunan Bamboo Sea" in Sichuan Province, the "Anji Bamboo Sea" in Zhejiang Province, and the "Hunan Bamboo Sea" in Hunan Province. "Anji Bamboo Sea" in Zhejiang Province, "Yiyang Bamboo Sea" in Hunan Province, and so on. The world's major forest landscapes: northern Europe's "sub-boreal coniferous forests" (the world's largest coniferous forests), the Amazon River Basin in South America and the Congo River Basin in Africa's tropical rainforests, the Mediterranean coast of subtropical evergreen forests, etc., Sweden has a "sawmill field," the name, Finland has a "country of forests". (2) Grassland landscape: mainly refers to large areas of grasslands and pastures formed by the vegetation landscape. China's famous grassland landscape resources are: Inner Mongolia Xilingol Grassland, is the world-famous natural grasslands; Xinjiang Bayinbruk Grassland, is China's second largest grassland; Gansu Xiahe Grassland. The world's major grassland landscape: Australia's mid-western prairie; Argentina's pampas prairie; African tropical savanna. (3) Ancient and Famous Trees: mainly refers to the existence of single old and valuable trees. China's famous trees are: the world's living fossil plants, sequoia, ginkgo, rowan, dove, etc.; Mount Huangshan Welcome Pine (Mount Huangshan, the first of the four best); Shaanxi Huangdi Mausoleum of the "Regulus cypress", has a history of 5,000 years, known as "the father of the world's cypress trees"; Shandong Confucius Temple Shandong Confucius Temple, more than 2,000 years old "Confucius Juniper"; Taishan "five great pines" and so on. (4) exotic flowers and plants: rare flowers and grasses. The ancients gave many elegant names to the famous flowers and plants: "three friends" pine, bamboo, plum, "four gentlemen" plum, orchid, bamboo, chrysanthemum, "flowers and plants four elegant" orchids, chrysanthemums, daffodils, irises, "three masters in the garden", "the garden", "the garden", "the garden", "the garden", "the garden", "the garden", "the garden", "the garden", "the garden". The "Three Masters of the Garden": roses, roses and moonflowers; the "Four Friends of Flowers": camellias, plums, daffodils and spring flowers; China's Ten Famous Flowers: "King of Flowers": peony, "Flower Phase": peony "peony, peony, moonflower, orchid, lotus, hermit among flowers. "Chrysanthemum, the hermit of flowers, plum blossom, the fairy of flowers, begonia, the princess of flowers. camellias, and daffodils. China's main flower-viewing places are Suzhou Wuxian plum-appreciation resort, Luoyang peony "A world", Hangzhou Yupo Yulan forest, Yunnan exotic flowers Grand View Garden, such as camellia, and azalea, lilies, gentian, etc., China's largest azalea ornamental resorts in Guizhou, "Hundred Miles of Rhododendrons "Forest" in Guizhou, the largest azalea ornamental destination in China, "Hundred Miles of Azalea" in Zhangzhou, Fujian, "Hundred Miles of Flower Market" to see the daffodils, in addition to Yangzhou agaricus, chrysanthemums in Guangzhou, Peach Blossom Garden in Taoyuan, etc. World-famous flowers are: Japanese cherry blossoms, Dutch tulips and so on.