1 Not Bold Enough
Jiangxi, twice by the central leadership euphemistically pointed out: not bold enough.
The first time was in 1984. Leaders said: "Jiangxi cadres to be a little more enterprising spirit", to "more boldly revitalize internally, more boldly open externally", "Jiangxi to learn from Jiangsu", "the speed of economic development in Jiangxi should be more than the speed of the development of the economy. "Jiangxi's economic development rate should be slightly higher than the average level of national development".
So, in 1985, Jiangxi immediately organized cadres to go to Jiangsu and Shanghai to study. That year, Jiangxi's "National Economic and Social Development Statistics Bulletin" wrote in the first paragraph:
"(The province's) gross social output value, industrial and agricultural output value, national income, gross domestic product, fiscal revenue and farmers' net income growth rate are slightly higher than the national average."
The second time was in 1992, when the leader said: I am in favor of stable development, but as long as it can be faster, or to strive for faster. Boldness to be a little more bold, a little more open. I can't have the guts, the ambition is gone. There are opportunities to jump or to jump.
Before leaving, and then advised: "You have to be more emancipated, the courage to be more bold, the policy to open up a little more, the pace of economic development to move a little faster."
So, after the leader left the third day, Jiangxi announced the construction of the Changjiu Industrial Corridor, became one of China's top ten economic hot spots. Then first hot, then cold, until 21 years later by the "Changjiu integration" of the new decision to replace.
Say something, move something. This seems not to be called bold, called: obedience.
2 Obedient students
Jiangxi, like the kind of obedient students.
He was never late for class, listened carefully in class, finished his homework seriously, and took out the garbage seriously after class.
He respected his teachers, loved his classmates, obeyed the discipline, went home on time, and never let his teachers and parents worry.
He is so obedient and steady, no one can find his fault, no one can bear to criticize him.
But year after year, the class president is not him, the school bully is not him, the subject representative is not him, the three good students is not him, the Olympics contestant is not him, the champion of the school athletic competition is not him, the school singer is not him, the school grass is not him, he is not the one who has been confessed to, the one who makes the teacher most proud is not him, and the one who is the most popular with his classmates is not him.
He doesn't have any special strengths or weaknesses.
He didn't do anything that made the class proud, but he didn't get into trouble either.
Only a cruel person would have the heart to criticize an honest student like Jiangxi.
So, instead of criticizing him, everyone chose what was in fact the more cruel way:
Ignoring him.
He was not a pioneer, not a window, not a leader, not a role model, not the first square. Gradually, he was invisible.
3 Not running not first
Jiangxi is characterized by his stability.
For more than 40 years, the whole country has been running fast, exploring the way, trial and error, correcting mistakes, and running forward again. In the words of the great man, it is "see the right, boldly try, boldly break through. The right to adhere to, not the right to change quickly, new problems out of the grasp to solve.
He does not run. When the state issued a document, clearly pointing to which road to go, he only seriously forward.
"Encounter the green light to go forward, see the yellow light to hurry up and go around the red light," the Guangdong style, Jiangxi is not learned, just not willing to learn.
He never wanted to be the first to eat crabs, but also do not want to drink a mouthful of soup, who knows if it is toxic!
Even if he occasionally ate a crab, when he reacted to this is a new species, his left hand just sent the crab yolk into his mouth, his right hand will quickly pick the crab yolk out of his mouth, even if it hurts his tongue, so that he can feel safe.
If an opportunity from abroad that none of the other provinces had gotten was presented to him, he would be horrified and turn it down. Until other provinces have taken the opportunity and proved safe, until the state issues a document encouraging people to seize such an opportunity, he will face up to it and look for such an opportunity seriously.
Missed it? Doesn't exist, he never thought so.
He's like a drop of water in a glass, he doesn't voluntarily jump into a frying pan.
He's like a fire under the stove in an old house, he can't imagine going on an expedition as a torch. What if he didn't find the treasure in the end, and the rice wasn't cooked, he thought.
4 The five elements of the earth
Jiang Xi seems to be the five elements of the earth - stable.
But without the flexibility of water, the sharpness of gold, the strength of fire and the vitality of wood.
The genus is earth, so it is very suitable for growing food.
Jiangxi is the country's rice bag, 1950 to 1990, Jiangxi transferred a total of 30.4 billion kilograms of food to support the country's provinces and cities, making a contribution.
But many provinces and cities have contributed to the country, such as Shanghai is the country's money bag, before the reform and opening up, the total revenue accounted for about 1/5 of the country, of which 2/3 paid; after the reform of the tax system, the total revenue or total tax revenue accounted for more than 1/10 of the country, of which 60% paid.
The genus earth is also well suited for growing trees. Jiangxi's forest cover is now stabilized at 63.1%, which is considered the top level in the country. For the time being, green water and green mountains are not yet gold and silver mountains.
Starting in 2001, belonging to the earth of Jiangxi finally "mud people also have three fire". Because of the new century, China's "accession"; because of the arrival of new cadres in Shanghai, to reshape the new image of Jiangxi.
This year, a new development goal of Jiangxi mentioned: the rise of the central region.
5. 22 years of history
How did Jiangxi get by for more than 20 years before it proposed its rise?
1978
The provincial GDP was 8.7 billion yuan, and fiscal revenue was 1.22 billion yuan.
1979
It was decided that the province would shift its focus to socialist modernization. (Synchronized with the whole country)
Guangchang County, Ji'an and part of rural areas in Yichun District, to implement the reform of agricultural production responsibility system.
1980
The end of the fifth Five-Year Plan of the national economy, the output value of Jiangxi's primary industry 4.831 billion yuan, the output value of the secondary industry 4.1 billion yuan, the output value of the tertiary industry 2.184 billion yuan, ranked 15th in the country, the province's total population of 32.719 million people. (During the same period, the country ranked 5th in Guangdong Province, matched with the weight of the province's total population of 52.3 million people, at this time, Guangdong and Jiangxi's per capita GDP gap is not large: Guangdong 480 yuan, Jiangxi 342 yuan.)
83 people identified as associate professors, 9 people promoted to professor. (This is the province that has produced 943 academies, 12,000 scholars, and three of the "Eight Great Men of Tang and Song", the number of senior academic talent at the beginning of reform and opening up!)
1981
Rural production teams to implement the system of responsibility for agricultural production, divided into fields to households, is still in the process of implementation.
1982
Proposed to write a good "idyllic poem", good "landscape painting", in order to give full play to the advantages of agricultural resources. This is the first strategic orientation of economic development in Jiangxi Province after the reform and opening up.
1983
The proposed governance of mountain rivers and lakes. At that time, the province's forest coverage rate of 31.5%.
1984
The province's economic system reform shifted from rural to urban areas, focusing on industrial enterprises and the distribution system.
In 2009, 4.43 million people voted and expert evaluation of the "Jiangxi reform and opening up 10 major events in the past 30 years", this matter ranked first visible in Jiangxi people's **** knowledge is that the real reform of Jiangxi began in 1984. (This is 5 years later than the country)
Nanchang has Jiangxi's first Sino-foreign joint venture. (At this time, the "Sino-Foreign Joint Venture Law" was announced and China's first Sino-Foreign Joint Venture was established, four years have passed)
1985
"Give full play to the advantages of resources, the comprehensive revitalization of the Jiangxi economy," was established as a general strategy for economic development in Jiangxi in the current century. This is the second strategic orientation of economic development in Jiangxi Province after the reform and opening up.
Resource advantages, referring to agricultural resources and non-ferrous mineral resources. Jiangxi copper, tungsten and other 33 kinds of mineral reserves in the country's top 3, 12 kinds of the country's first, of which, copper, tungsten, uranium, tantalum, gold, silver and rare earths are known as Jiangxi's "seven golden flowers".
1986
9 agricultural and fishery commodities production base was approved.
Mountain River Lake comprehensive development and governance project was launched. The Shanjiang Lake Project was hailed as a model of ecological construction in developing countries decades later.
1987
The six-word policy of "support, follow up and take over" was put forward to respond to the national coastal opening strategy, and the policy focus was to build the "South Gate and North Port": a pilot reform and opening-up zone was set up in Ganzhou, the southern gateway, to dock with Guangdong, and the northern port city of Jiujiang was focused on the reform and opening-up zone, while the northern port city of Jiujiang was focused on the reform and opening-up zone.
The newest addition to the list is the newest addition to the list, the newest addition to the list.
Ni Xianze was sentenced to two years in prison for favoritism.
1988
The Lower Gan River Rectification Project begins.
Poyang Lake Nature Reserve was approved as a national nature reserve.
1989
The Torch Program, a national development plan for high-tech industrialization, was implemented, focusing on the development of new technologies in five fields, namely, electronic information, mechatronics, new materials, energy conservation and bio-engineering.
Nanchang City invested ten million dollars to rebuild the Tengwang Pavilion for the 29th time.
1990
The Premier of the State Council visited Jiangxi and emphasized that agriculture should be given top priority within 10 years. Thus, the "Eighth Five-Year Plan" put forward the development strategy: "Jiangxi's economic edifice on the basis of modern agriculture, to fight the overall battle of agricultural development, and promote the industrialization of agriculture."
1991
The province's agricultural development overall war began to focus on a variety of business, township enterprises, deep processing of agricultural products.
Nanchang High-tech Industrial Development Zone was established.
Jiujiang Port was approved to open to foreign ships (12 years later than Ningbo Beilun Port).
Fourteen departments jointly organized the "Jiangxi to achieve a moderately prosperous" essay contest, selected and compiled after the contest into the "Xing Gan Towers Collection" for decision-making reference.
1992
The major decision of "creating another Jiangxi in the mountains" was put forward.
Construction of the Changjiu Industrial Corridor. Jiujiang was recognized by the state as a city open to the outside world along the Yangtze River, Nanchang to enjoy the relevant policies of coastal open cities.
1993
In the province's GDP, the proportion of industry exceeded that of agriculture for the first time. Jiangling Motors became the first listed company in Jiangxi Province. The second phase of comprehensive agricultural development was implemented in 25 counties and cities in central and southern Gan.
Beijing-Kowloon Railway started construction.
Jiangxi University, Jiangxi University of Technology merged to form Nanchang University (Pan Jiluan, Jiangxi hometown invited back to be the president of the four years after the end of Jiangxi "no key universities, no doctoral programs, no academician" history).
1994
Proposed a foothold in agriculture, focusing on industrial development ideas. Township enterprises developed greatly.
1995
The establishment of the overall strategy for the development of the century: "adhere to the Jiangxi economic edifice built on the basis of modern agriculture ...... to strengthen agriculture, the main focus on industry, the prosperity of the tertiary sector ... ...Accelerate the process of industrialization and urbanization". (Few people can read from the "industrial" is the first keyword.)
Jiangxi opened the Internet.
Floods hit 88 counties and cities across the province, with losses exceeding the province's fiscal revenue that year. At the end of the year, the total population of the province was 40.62 million.
1996
Determined to cultivate 100 Jiangxi brand-name products, the formation of 10 national brand-name products.
Mount Lushan was listed in the World Heritage List.
Provincial administrative organs at all levels began to implement the national civil service system.
Beijing-Kowloon Railway passenger train officially opened for business, including more than 700 kilometers in Jiangxi. Jiangxi Daily reported that "I can touch the train - the first "Lushan" with the train witnessed" after the Chinese News Award.
1997
The National Science and Technology Commission, the State Planning Commission held in Jiangxi Mountain River Lake Project experience exchange meeting, the implementation of Jiangxi Mountain River Lake Project experience recommended to the country.
Nanchang household registration police Qiu Eguo became a model in Jiangxi.
Nanchang Bayi Bridge was completed and opened to traffic, the north bridge head of the liberation of the lion want, real lion seeks to be a double lion sculpture, the south bridge head of the black cat and white cat catching the rat sculpture.
1998
The slogan "the first in the country to build an eco-province" and the ecological economic strategy, focusing on "ecological agriculture-based modern agriculture, organic food-based food industry, ecotourism-based tourism ". (The result is that Zhejiang, which only put forward the strategy of building an ecological province at the end of 2002, was accepted and passed in 2019, and built the country's first ecological province.)
In June, days of torrential rain, the province's five major rivers were in emergency; in August, the Jiujiang section of the Yangtze River breached the dike and broke, the Premier of the State Council on-site supervision, and the military and civilian resistance to flooding was successful. More than half of the province was affected, the floods caused direct economic losses ***38.464 billion yuan. And that year the province's fiscal revenue is only 14.57 billion yuan. (A flood let the province a year for nothing, this is the second time, the first time is 1995)
November 16, Jiangxi Daily front-page article "pulling - walking Gannan": "Today's Ganzhou gives me the impression that it is full of vitality." "'Sit in the north and face the south, fight into Guangdong' is the most popular slogan in Gannan nowadays. Xingguo has 5 million gray geese entering Guangdong this year, followed by Ningdu's three yellow chickens, as well as more than 3 million pigs, more than 100,000 tons of rice flour, and hundreds of millions of pounds of navel oranges....... Gannan's vast countryside has become Guangdong's backyard."
1999
June new decision: Jiangxi built a food industry province.
Post-disaster reconstruction of the implementation of the Yangtze River dry dike consolidation, retreat to the lake, immigrants to build town projects.
In July Jiujiang 200,000 people to fight the flood.
Changbei Airport was completed and opened to traffic, Jiangxi Provincial Museum opened.
Jiangxi iron and steel industry as a whole turned a profit.
2000
February new decision: vigorously develop ecological agriculture.
Hu Changqing was sentenced to death for corruption and bribery. During his tenure as vice governor, he took an average of 5,000 yuan in bribes per day, equivalent to the net income of a farmer in Jiangxi for two years.
In April, more than a thousand state-owned enterprises in the province, or 90 percent of the total, were restructured.
In June, the province embarked on a housing reform that halted the distribution of housing.
August 3, Nanchang Bayi Square opened the first KFC store in Jiangxi, hanging out ads "Sorry, we're late!" The day set a record for KFC's highest turnover in a single store on a single day in the world. (KFC was in 1987 into China, at this time has opened in 100 cities in China chain stores)
The end of the Ninth Five-Year Plan, Jiangxi's GDP of 2003 billion yuan, about 1 / 5 of Guangdong, ranked 17th in the country. The province has a total population of 41.4 million and 150,000 registered Internet users.
6 Progress regression
Over the years, Jiangxi can not be said not to work hard for the development is also exhaustive.
Vertical comparison, 2000 than in 1978, the province's GDP grew 23 times, fiscal revenue grew 14 times, quite good.
But comparing horizontally, Jiangxi went from being ranked 15th in the country in 1980 to 17th in the country in 2000, and 22 years of progress looks like:
regression.
On the Internet, the "Expo Knowledge Contest Question Bank" has a test question like this:
In 2000, Jiangxi's per capita GDP ranked 25th in the country, and per capita local revenue ranked 27th, in the national economic growth (). In the eastern part of the great opening up, the western part of the wave of development, Jiangxi people once in the "not east not west" location in the inferiority complex, lamenting the old region repeatedly missed opportunities.
A. "Basin bottom"
B. "Central"
C. Upper
D. Upper and middle reaches
Reference Answer: A
Who made this question ah, too bad, really hurt!
7 Gan "agriculture" strong and weak
The 20th century has passed. A "agricultural" word, trapped in Jiangxi for 22 years.
The province's economic development strategy for the N turn, are centered around the "agricultural" in the turn. "Agriculture" is Jiangxi's strengths and advantages, and in the end became obsessive and disadvantageous one because the whole of China, the world's strongest economic engine, have turned to the secondary and tertiary industries.
Chen Xinhua, an expert in Jiangxi policy research, wrote in the book "Economic World Reflections: The Case of Jiangxi's Economic Development":
"It is not difficult to see that, over the past 20 years, the orientation of the economic development strategy of Jiangxi Province has been built on the basis of Jiangxi Province's rich agricultural resources, mineral resources, and constantly strengthen the basic position of agriculture, relying on local resources to develop processing industries. Development of the processing industry on the basis of. Accelerating the process of industrialization has not been agreed upon by the whole province."
And Jiangxi Province, although it has always been a major agricultural province, "agriculture" is really very strong? The data is negative:
In 1999, Jiangxi Province, 17.22 million tons of grain production, oil production of 950,000 tons, respectively, listed in China's 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions of the 12th and 10th; Jiangxi Province, the primary value added 46.44 billion yuan, listed in the country's 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions of the 14th. In terms of GDP composition, the share of agriculture in Jiangxi Province is 23.66%, higher than the national average of 6%
-- this only proves that Jiangxi's agricultural ratio is significant, not strong.
For many years, the food is not enough to eat so that the first in the country to engage in the family contract system in Anhui, grain production and oil production than Jiangxi.
Jiangxi Province has a thousand years of splendor, the resource advantage is obvious, relying on the mountains to eat mountains to eat water is also common sense. Jiangxi has always been proud of is the "treasure, people and spirit", but:
Bringing the wealth of the treasure is not considered treasure,
can not stay in the place of the spirit of the place is difficult to say that the people.
Zhejiang, Guangdong, Fujian, the potential value of minerals per capita, listed in the country's 30th, 28th, 27th, are far worse than Jiangxi, but are running faster than a rabbit. At this time, no one would have thought, in the next few years, Jiangxi will be an official statement, willing to be the supporting role of the first three.
Jiangxi in the 21st century, need to get out of the "agricultural" word, find another way out.
8 The biography to be continued
The above can be regarded as a "prequel to the rise of Jiangxi.
I wanted to write to 2021, but the 20th century tightly written, has nearly 5000 words.
I don't want to challenge the reader's patience to write 10,000 words.
In 2001, Jiangxi began to vow to rise, 20 years of gains and losses how, launched on another day.
All years of "Jiangxi Government News"
All years of "Jiangxi Government Work Report"
All years of "Jiangxi Daily"
Jiangxi Branch of the Xinhua News Agency report
"Jiangxi reform and opening up 30 years 10 major events" selection report
Jiangxi history of the centennial events (1901-2000)
"The Fifth National Census" Jiangxi Data
GDP Ranking of Chinese Provinces
Per Capita GDP Ranking of Chinese Provinces
"Reflections on the Economic World: Taking Jiangxi's Economic Development as an Example" (by Chen Xinhua and Li Wanping)
Official Website of Nanchang University and Related Reports