Feudalism is a cannibalistic society, and love, of course, is no exception. Juan Sheng and Zijun just want to obtain the freedom of marriage and love, so to speak, is a small wish in this world, but those "righteousness and morality" can not tolerate their rebellion! What they need is a slave! A "loyal" slave! The "respected" feudal guardians and the "sleepers" inside the "iron house", they don't allow a rebel in their "house"! The "iron house" of the "sleepers", they would not allow the rebels to appear in their "house"!
In that "iron house", people forever upheld the spirit of propriety which they considered irreplaceable and insurmountable. Feudal ethics and morality, programs and celebrated religions, such as modesty and filial piety. "Ethics based on unkindness is cannibalism," or at the very least, the suppression of human individuality. Juan Sheng and Zijun, in their pursuit of freedom in love and marriage, have touched the "righteousness and morality" people. In their eyes, there is no freedom of love between a young man and a young woman; what there is is "the order of parents and the word of matchmakers". Once out of their line, it is a "rebel", of course, they will not let those "rebels" good. Thus, Juan Sheng and Zijun lived in an environment where everyone looked at them with blank stares.
Juan Sheng and Zijun, through their own efforts, managed to live together and find their love, and in their own eyes, everything was happy (at least in the beginning), but in the eyes of the feudalistic guardians, they were not allowed to exist as "radicals"! "I felt that on the road I was met with searching, sneering, obscene and contemptuous glances" Why did people look at them in such a way? The simple reason is that they undermine the "morality" that people have always recognized. Feudal ethics and morals weigh heavily on every person living in the "iron house", and once they break away from these norms, it is difficult for them to move around in society. If a man and a woman are united without "the order of parents and the words of matchmakers", it is a "great offense in the world", and it is very difficult to get up in the society. If you are not careful, you will end up with a ruined reputation, or worse, you won't even be able to save your life. Aigoo, the main character in Lu Xun's Divorce, can be said to be the most spirited and "rebellious" character in Lu Xun's writing. But what did she use to arm herself with? It is because she has six strong brothers and a solid family, and most importantly, she is "ordered by three teas and six rites, and carried in a sedan chair".1 On the other hand, Aigu's resistance is because she considers herself to be within the bounds of "benevolence, righteousness, and morality," encouraged and permitted by morality. morality is encouraged and permitted. Therefore, she had the courage to resist. However, the feudal authority also y hurt her. Lord Seven's cry: "Come ~~ Ruoxi" suppressed her momentum, and she no longer dared to look for the bad luck of the "little brute" and the "old brute". The old animal" no longer dares to find fault with the "little animal". Look at Mrs. Xianglin again, she has resistance, "head touched a big hole", but, again, she is also to maintain the feudal tradition of "abiding by the rules", although she got married for the second time and got happy, but she is still afraid of people talking about it, why? Because she doesn't "keep the festival" anymore! Sister-in-law Xianglin suffered because she did not keep the festival, and died silently in the sound of blessing. Instead of saying that Mrs. Xianglin died in a loveless world, it would be better to say that she died under the feudalistic rites, under the poison of thousands of years of feudalistic thinking! In "Tomorrow", Mrs. Shan suffers from keeping the vow, and her only wish is to feed her Bao'er well. To take a step back, if Mrs. Shan hadn't abided by her custom and found a man she liked who could take care of her mother and son, perhaps her Bao'er wouldn't have died, and she wouldn't have blindly believed in He Xiaoxian's "long fingernails". Overall, feudal society is a cannibalistic society that eats your mind and soul! Of course, Juan Sheng and Zijun's "insignificant" love is not even worth mentioning.
Feudal thought has been weighing heavily on people's minds and suppressing the development of their personalities for thousands of years. It will not give you a little space to develop. In the eyes of those "defenders", once you resist, it is the enemy of them. Juan Sheng's unemployment, in the final analysis, is that the "guardians" are suppressing Juan Sheng. "That snow cream is the director's son's gambling buddy, must go to add some rumors, try to report", add what rumors? What rumors? It was that Juan Sheng and Zijun had violated feudal ethics and had cohabited without the consent of both parents, which was a great disruption of social morals! "With her uncle, she had already made a fuss, so much so that he was so angry that he no longer recognized her as his niece", Zijun's uncle even disowned his own niece, for the simple reason that Zijun was a person who did not abide by the "morals". When Juan Sheng and Zijun were looking for a place to live, they remembered that "finding a place to live was not an easy task, and most of them were rejected on pretexts". From these aspects, people are not accustomed to and despise those "rebels" who are self-centered, who only have the word "ritual" in their hearts, but not the word "love"!
Perhaps when Juan Sheng and Zi Jun's love was lost, and Zi Jun was able to resume her own life, it would not be too much of a tragedy, and at most we would only be sorry that their love was so weak, and would not be too sad. But in the stagnant, corrupt society of that time, she could only: "Now she knew that all she had left was the blazing sun of her father, the debtor of her children, and the frosty cold eyes of others. Besides, there is emptiness. How horrible it is to carry the burden of emptiness and walk the so-called road of life in the midst of strict authority and cold eyes! And at the end of this road is nothing but a grave without a headstone", what is that? What is that? It's a cannibalistic society. After Zijun took the first step, the society won't let her have a chance to "correct" herself, since Zijun has violated their "ethics and morals" and "three principles and five virtues", then Zijun can only be forced to live in the end. Since Zijun violated their "ethics and morals" and "three principles and five virtues", Zijun was finally forced to go to the "grave without a tombstone", which is so pathetic! Even if you have a stronger will and fighting spirit, in the end, there will be the danger of giving it eaten, want to get the real freedom, it is only to overthrow this cannibalistic society, overthrow all the stagnant, corrupt system.
Looking back at Mr. Lu Xun's love, it can be said that he was also y hurt by feudal thinking. He married Zhu An in 1906 on his mother's order. It can be said that Zhu An was a gift from his mother to Mr. Lu Xun, a gift that he absolutely did not want to receive, because he did not know Zhu An at all, and did not have any feelings for her at all. But in order not to hurt his mother, at the same time, it can also be said that in order to protect Ms. Zhu An's life, because in that kind of society, "a married woman, splash water", once married, there is no way back, "marrying a chicken follows the chicken, marrying a dog follows the dog," if If you are repudiated, it will be a great insult, and it can be said that life is worse than death. Lu Xun also thought of this, so only bitterly maintain this is not love marriage.
It can be said that the society's "rumors are like tigers", Juan Sheng and Zijun's cohabitation caused how many people's blank stares? How much talk did it cause? "I feel on the road when encountered exploration, ridicule, obscene and contemptuous eyes", even their own friends are the same, "I also successively and a few thought that the advice, in fact, is for me to be timid, or even envy of friends cut off". In fact, Mr. Lu Xun was not it, in order to live with Xu Guangping, in order to their love, they only left Beijing, as a warrior Lu Xun still have to Rikai, Juan Sheng and Zijun's consequences can be imagined. Society will not give their love a free space, "love is free" in their society will not appear, then their love oasis is also broken.
In that stagnant society, they want to take a step is so difficult, can be used Xu Guangping's words, that is: "in the society harshly wearing moral glasses, specializing in the high tone of the people, in the country of love in the four do not deserve to appreciate the people, or cynicism in a certain pile of things, a certain aspect of the love of the two of them, but also to give some fierce attack. " 2
Secondly, Juan Sheng and Zijun their own character weaknesses also doomed their love must be a tragedy.
After the two of them moved in together, their personalities changed drastically along with them. As the oppression of life came one after another, the plight of livelihood was cut off, Juan Sheng's self-contained mood was gone, and then his own selfishness, hypocrisy and cowardice swelled up. In this way, their love slowly deteriorated in their own inflated mentality, slowly faded, and finally came to a rupture.
In the beginning, Juan Sheng is brave and sincere and touching about love. "I love Zijun, battle her to escape this silence and emptiness" They are both awakened intellectuals, they encourage each other, they cling to each other, ready to escape this stagnant society, to pursue their own love, they abandon the world's eyes. For a while in the beginning, they do find their love. Their love is sweet, and "I also gradually became sober enough to read all over her body, her soul." But Juan Sheng his own weaknesses, under the pressures of society and life, slowly trickle out.
Educationalist Sukhomlinsky once educated his son in this way: "Remember that love means, first of all, to take responsibility for the destiny, the future of your beloved partner ...... love, first of all, means to dedicate, to dedicate their spiritual strength to the beloved partner, to create happiness for him (her) "3. Love is a responsibility, a kind of dedication. But did Juan Sheng he do it? I don't think he did, "...... the first thing in human life is to survive, toward the road of survival, is necessary to walk hand in hand, or to fight alone, if only know to whack a person's corner, then even though the warrior is difficult to fight, only to perish together." "The opening up of new paths, the re-creation of a new life, in order to avoid perishing together" At first glance, it seems to be quite reasonable, and in our present society, it seems to us that we are not to be blamed, and we would agree with it. However, let us consider what kind of society they lived in. It is a stagnant "cannibalistic" society. What Juan Sheng did was actually an irresponsible act that pushed Zijun to her death! A kind of hypocrisy! He also knew that once Zijun left him and returned to her parents' home, she would die in that "loveless world". In the end, Zijun died in that loveless world. Juan Sheng didn't do his duty to the lovers, he didn't do his duty to the love, he only thought about himself. To put it bluntly, it was the kind of thinking that "husband and wife are birds in the same forest, but they fly separately when they are in trouble". In the society at that time, when he left Zijun, he was actually sending Zijun to the end of her life!
In The Hurtful Death, Juan Sheng himself clearly thought twice that the result of his abandoning Zijun would be her death. The first time, when he was planning to leave Zijun, "I also suddenly thought of her death" and immediately repented and blamed himself. The second time, before he decided to say that he no longer loved Zijun, "I felt that a new hope lay in our separation alone; that she should be decidedly parted with,-I too suddenly thought of her death, and yet at once reproached myself and repented." Still, with great resolution, he said the following:
"...... Besides, you can already go forward without scruple. And thou wouldst have me say honestly: Yea, one ought not to be hypocritical. I'll be honest: because, because I don't love you anymore! But this is much better for you, because you can do things without any worry ......"
Perhaps when he said, "One should not be hypocritical," he was at his most hypocritical, his most cowardly. Is everything he says really what he says it is? Can Zijun really "do things without worry"? In fact, he knows, "I also suddenly thought of her death", but he is just afraid to face it!
Of course, we can't think that Juan Sheng is a bad person, he also sorrowfully expressed his remorse: "Then, even in the roar of the sinful wind, I will seek Zijun, and tell my remorse and sorrow to her face, and pray for her forgiveness; or else the poisonous flames of hell will surround me, and fiercely burn out my remorse and sorrow". And an awakened intellectual.
In the initial struggle against family tyranny, Zijun likewise showed remarkable bravery and determination as she cried out, "I am my own, and none of them has the right to interfere with me!" She cried out "I am my own, none of them has the right to interfere with me!" Such a loud call for the liberation of individuality, but she thought that if she won the right to "cohabitate", she would have gained everything, and from then on, she settled down to a mediocre life, and forgot all the "other essentials of life". The shackles of the old mindset made Zijun willingly become a housewife who lived by the coat tails, and the idea of "Yang is born for the husband, and Yin is the woman who helps him "4 firmly imprisoned her. Once she lost Juan Sheng's love, she had no choice but to return to her father and walk the long distance of her life alone, loaded with the burden of empty love.
"I am my own, and none of them have the right to interfere with me!" with "I really didn't expect that such a small and subtle thing would bring about such a remarkable change in the resolute and fearless Zijun." This y reflects Zijun's transformation from the original brave and strong Zijun to such a weak one. Everything is because of her own character weaknesses and the deep imprint of traditional thinking in her mind. In her eyes, in addition to feeding her little fried chicken and Ah Sui, she is busy with her own housework, and she no longer remembers anything else. She then gradually fell into petty rivalries, quarrelling with her neighbors over the little fried chicken, and grumbling over unimportant things, "She said that Ah Sui was too thin to be pitiful, and the landlady even snickered at us for it, and she couldn't bear to be taunted like that." What's the difference between living like this and those traditional peons? People change, and if they stop themselves from moving forward, they become much more depressed. I remember that Lu Yao said, "One can live a fuller life only in the midst of incomparably heavy labor", and that's good indeed, and if one wants to live a fuller life, one must constantly improve oneself, and use one's energies in useful One has to constantly improve oneself and use one's energy in useful places--don't put one's energy in pointless petty fights like Zijun, which will only wear out one's will.
But, after all, Zijun was an awakening in that stagnant society, and she shouted what women had not dared to shout for thousands of years, "I am my own, and none of them have the right to interfere with me!" . This was inspiring to all.
While both Juan Sheng and Zi Jun their characters were y marked by tradition, they were in the end members of the very few awakened intellectuals of their time.
In the end, financial hardship deprived them of their relaxed and easy-going mentality, and their love went down the drain one step at a time.
Maslow, an American psychologist, categorized human needs into five layers, with physiological needs in the first and most basic position. If a person wants to make a mark in society, the first thing he should do is to solve the problem of survival. If the problem of survival cannot be solved, what other struggles are there to talk about? In the society where Juan Sheng and Zijun live, the least they can do to survive is to have a certain economic foundation, so they have to solve the problem of economy in order to have a chance to make their love stronger. Juan Sheng and Zijun's love is deep though (at the beginning). However, in the end, the beautiful flower of their love fades away quietly. In addition to the social pressures and the flaws of their personal character traits, the hardship of life made them lose their fighting spirit! I do not dare to say that there is no love without bread, but love without bread is difficult to maintain, is it really: "love can drink water"? A beautiful love is built on a certain economic foundation, just like a beautiful flower needs sunshine and rain. In the economic hardship, Juan Sheng and Zijun's relaxed state of mind is gone, when Juan Sheng was dismissed from the bureau, Zijun's first reflection is: "fearless Zijun also changed color", Juan Sheng also only busy in that the road of survival, the previous relaxed mood is gone, he is busy in that copying and writing work, and thus also Juan Sheng wants a quiet environment to go to. Juan Sheng wants a quiet environment to work, and Zijun also for a little trivial things in life and life on the straitened circumstances and argued with the neighbors, resulting in Juan Sheng had such a feeling: "the cold weather and the coldness of the gods, forcing me not to settle down in the family", such a life, love will last? The answer is yes.
For a person to fight, first you have to not be hungry, "not so hungry to fight, reduce the sharpness "5, Juan Sheng and Zijun both have a strong spirit of resistance, but because the economy is in trouble, Juan Sheng can't be at home quietly doing his thing, Zijun also have to go to the livelihood of the busy, they no longer have time to "talk about the family dictatorship", they have to go to the home, they have no time to talk about the family dictatorship. They no longer have time to "talk about family tyranny, talk about breaking old habits, talk about equality between men and women, talk about Ibsen, talk about Tagore, talk about Shelley ......", naturally, there is less understanding and communication. Perhaps they have forgotten that the economy is so important to them, remember Lu Xun in the "Nala went how" inside said: "But people can not starve waiting for the arrival of the ideal world at least have to leave a little bit of respite, as the dry perch, anxious to seek the water of the bucket, to this more immediate economic rights, and then think of ways. So, Juan Sheng and Zijun want to get beautiful love, have to go to solve their own economic problems ah.
"Dreams are good, otherwise, money is important," Lu Xun said in "Nala left after how", can also be said to be a kind of admonition to the youth it. He and Xu Guangping left Beijing at a time of economic hardship, and they agreed to "work hard for two years separately, to earn enough to maintain the accumulation of half a year's living expenses, so that when social oppression comes, they will not be hungry and fight, and will not lose their sharpness".6 He told us not to let love numb our minds, and not to think that we can get everything by having love. The "stomach problem" must also be solved, otherwise, the road will be much harder to walk.
Overall, Juan Sheng and Zi Jun's love failed because they lived in the stagnant "iron house", and at the same time, the weaknesses of their own personalities and the economic hardship were also important reasons for their love failure. If you want to get the real freedom of love, you must break the stagnant "iron house", be a real awakening, but also have a certain economic foundation, do not "hungry to fight, reduce the sharpness".
Artistic features of The Wounded and the Dead:
The novel adopts a "handwritten note" approach, using poetic language to express Juan Sheng's state of mind, and combining criticism with factual description. There are inner monologues and confessions in the memories, as well as details in the flashbacks, with strong lyrical colors and superb white drawing techniques.
The novel's narrative, discussion, and scenery all have a strong lyrical color. The novel is largely described in accordance with the retrospective structure of the Guild Hall] Jizhao Hutong and the Guild Hall, and in the review of specific events, the author does not follow the chronological order of events. Instead, the author traces the emotions of the main character, with a sense of urgency, and jumps over and over again.
First of all, in the narrative lyric
such as: after the death of Zijun , Juan Sheng went back to the clubhouse, recalled a year ago when he fell in love with Zijun, is to use the language of the narrative lyrical emotions of their love: "a year ago, in the silence and emptiness is not like this, often with anticipation, looking forward to the arrival of Zijun", "How I was suddenly enlivened by the sound of the high soles of my shoes touching the brick road." "Now, however, only the silence and emptiness remain, but Zijun will never come again, and never, ever! ......"
Secondly, it also expresses its feelings directly through argument
The concluding paragraph of the novel: "I would that there were really the so-called ghosts, and really the so-called hell, then, even in the fury of the sinful winds, I would seek Zijun, and speak out my remorse and sorrow to her face, and pray for her forgiveness; or else the poisonous flames of hell would encircle me, and fiercely burn out my remorse and sorrow. "
This is an expression of Juan Sheng's retrospective feelings of remorse and sorrow.
Once again, the author also draws on scenic descriptions to express his feelings
The author writes: When the two fell in love a year ago, Zijun brought the new leaves of the half-dying acacia tree outside the window so that I could see it, as well as a roomful of purple and white vines hanging on the old trunk of the iron style. A year later, it was still the same shabby house, the same board bed, the same half-dying acacia trees and wisteria vines, but all that had made me hope, joy, love, and life at that time had passed away.
The author writes of the emptiness and silence of a building that is gone.
Analysis of Zijun's Characterization:
Zijun and Juan Sheng are both petty-bourgeois intellectuals with bourgeois-democratic ideology who grew up under the influence of the May Fourth New Thought, and they have the new ideas of personality liberation, equality between men and women, and the autonomy of love and marriage. The author fully recognizes Zijun's heroic and fearless spirit of resistance. In order to fight for the freedom of love and marriage, she dares to fight against the old forces, bravely betrays the feudal rites and the feudal autocratic family, and proudly proclaims: I am my own, none of them has the right to interfere with me. This is Zijun's battle declaration against feudal autocracy. Her cohabitation with Juan Sheng shows her brave resistance against feudal morality and the feudal marriage system. The author also criticized Zijun's weakness, compromise and stagnation of thought, when they set up a small family and then immersed in the solid peace and happiness, forgetting the overall importance of life, and put their energy into household chores and obediently serve their husbands, showing that the old-fashioned women were good wives and good mothers and had lost the ability to fly and the courage to become mediocre and short-sighted, and became mediocre and short-sighted, and turned into mediocre slaves of the family from a courageous and fearless woman of a new era. family slaves. Because of the weakness of her character, she finally had to return to the old family she had betrayed, and walked into the grave without even a tombstone. The author also wrote out her pure and kind character, she for the love, not caring Juan Sheng is a humble poor young man, when leaving Juan Sheng, did not leave a note, but silently left the only living things to Juan Sheng, here there is concern, there is regret, there is the love of the last to stay, showing the Zijun pure and kind character