Knowledge of immunodeficiency diseases

Immunodeficiency disease: Immune dysfunction syndrome caused by the occurrence, differentiation, proliferation and abnormal metabolism of immunocompetent cells caused by congenital hypoplasia of any link or component of the immune system or acquired factors.

Second, classification

1. Primary immunodeficiency: genetic factor: organ hypoplasia of immune system.

(1) Humoral immune deficiency

(2) cellular immune deficiency

(3) combined immunodeficiency

(4) Nonspecific immune deficiency (phagocyte, complement system defect)

2. Secondary immunodeficiency: accompanied by other diseases.

(1) Insufficient nutrition

(2) Tumor

⑶ Infection: HIV, HTLV.

(4) Others: surgery, trauma, burns, splenectomy and treatment of other diseases.

(5) immunosuppressive therapy

Third, characteristics

1, allocation

(1) Primary immunodeficiency: Most of them are children, accounting for more than half. (2) Secondary immunodeficiency:

(3) AIDS: most adults, male >; Female.

2. Clinical manifestations

(1) infection: the most common manifestation and the main cause of death. Humoral immune response defect, prone to suppurative bacterial infection; The cellular immune response is insufficient, and it is easy to be infected by fungi, viruses and protozoa. (2) Malignant tumor and autoimmune diseases: abnormal defense, homeostasis, monitoring and regulation. Statistical report on tumor incidence: T cell immunodeficiency >; Normal people 100-300 times (lymphomas and leukemia). The incidence of autoimmune diseases (SLE, pernicious anemia, rheumatoid arthritis) is many times higher than that of normal people.

(3) Multi-system diseases: all systems of the whole body can be involved.