2 the trend of unity of the three religions pervaded all areas of society
3 Confucian scholars continue to think and explore
The reasons for the rise of the science of the Song Dynasty:
(a) advocated by the monarchs of the Song Dynasty, and in order to change the social and political decadence of the Song Dynasty, the monarchs advocated the importance of temperance and the policy of emphasizing literature over the military. After the unification of the Song Dynasty, the monarch advocated a policy of emphasizing moral integrity and valuing literature over the military in order to change this social and political decadence.
(2) Private teaching: In the Song Dynasty, private lectures were very popular, and private lectures emphasized the study of "cultivating one's own body" and the study of governance, and emphasized the development of the study of scripture and the importance of moral education.
(3) the development of printing: before the Tang and Song dynasties, books are copied by hand, so the circulation is not wide, and to the Tang Dynasty has developed engraved printing, to the Song Dynasty, Bisheng invented a living press, so that the popularity of the book is more widespread, the dissemination of science is easier, wider, and to promote the development of the science of science
Problem 2: the reasons for the development of the rise of the Song dynasty science of Song and Ming dynasty science of science (also known as the Song and Ming Taoist science) of the rise of the deep historical and social reasons: the rise of the Song and Ming Taoist science (also known as the Song and Ming Taoist science). Deep historical and social reasons:
1. The bottleneck in the development of Confucianism prompted reforms within Confucianism
2. The impact of Buddhism and Daoism on Confucianism.
3. The ideology of the unity of the three religions.
4. The imperfection of Confucian cosmology, ontology, and teleology after the separation of Confucianism, Taoism, and the sons of pre-Qin.
5. Individual efforts of the rationalists, who proposed the revival of rationalism.
6. The orthodox status of Confucianism was dealt a blow.
7. It catered to the demand for the revival of Confucianism in the chaotic social situation and state of mind since the Tang and Song dynasties.
Question 3: Reasons for the rise of rationality Reasons for the flourishing of Song lyrics
Pan Deyi of the Qing Dynasty said, "The lyrics of the Northern Song Dynasty are like the poems of the Sheng Tang Dynasty. Song is the flourishing period of lyrics, from the emperor and ministers, down to the advocate of courtesans, all competing for new voices. According to Tang Guizhang's "All Song Lyrics", there were more than 1,200 lyricists in the two Song dynasties, with more than 21,600 lyrics. It can be seen that the number of lyricists and the richness of lyrics in Song Dynasty could not be compared with any other era. There are many reasons for the prosperity of Song lyrics:
(1) Economic Prosperity
In order to consolidate the political rule, the rulers of the Northern Song Dynasty strengthened the centralized power system, suppressed the rise of local forces, and stabilized the domestic situation; the Song Dynasty also adopted a series of measures to promote the development of agricultural production, and the emergence of handicrafts and commerce, and the prosperity of the city's economy. In the early Northern Song Dynasty, the central region was not subjected to war for more than a hundred years, and social and economic prosperity in line with the rapid development of art and culture, especially in the form of a short, singing as the characteristics of the lyrics, like the poetry of the Sheng Tang Dynasty, has been a very prominent development.
(2) The Establishment of the Church and the Song House
In order to meet the needs of the rulers of the time to entertain the guests and make fun of the people and make peace with the songs and dances, not only the court had the "Church", but also there were brothels in the big cities, and there were many courtesans in the houses of the nobles and gentry ***, which contributed to the more general development of lyrics.
(3) Literary development
By the end of the Tang Dynasty, poetry had reached a stage of maturity where writers could no longer make new breakthroughs, and another form of literature emerged to replace poetry. In the Late Tang and Fifth Dynasties, the lyrics were specialized in the depiction of love affairs, while in the Song Dynasty, they became part of the pleasures of the scholar-adults. The narrowness of the lyric in the late Tang and Wu dynasties left the Song writers a wide field for their talents to flourish. They used natural and commonplace tone to express their sincere and frank feelings, so the subject matter of the words became more and more extensive, the system of the words became more and more complete, and the artistic style was diversified, which can be said to have entered the golden age of the words.
Overview of the development of Song lyrics
The first half of the Northern Song Dynasty
In the first half of the Northern Song Dynasty, the upper echelons of the literati generally inherited the style of the Southern Tang Dynasty and Feng Yansi, and there was not much new development. The writers of this period include Yan Shu, Ouyang Xiu, Zhang Xian, Yan Guidao, Liu Yong, Su Shi and so on, with Liu Yong, Su Shi more outstanding achievements.
Yanshu's lyrics mainly express the feeling of sadness and loneliness of the loss of time, his lyrics are elegant and thoughtful, elegant and clear style, language, harmony, and more artistic characteristics. His "Raccoon River Sand", "A Cup of Wine with New Words", and "New Society at the Coming of the Swallows" are all famous pieces that have been widely recited by the public.
Ouyang Xiu's words are narrow in subject matter, mostly about women's physical appearance, men and women's love affairs, sadness and feelings of separation, travel and drinking, etc., and like to use the common language into the words, fresh and natural, sincere and lingering feelings, his "Takesha Xing" can best represent this style.
Zhang Xian's words are mostly about the poetic life of scholars and men and women, and also reflect the city life. He liked to write slow lyrics, which played a role in the development of the form of lyrics.
The appearance of Liu Yong's lyrics changed the style of the Northern Song Dynasty. He inherited and developed the fine tradition of folk lyrics and literati lyrics, and with his simple and natural style of lyrics, he brought a new face to the Euphemism of lyrics, and developed the system of slow lyrics, which made an important contribution to the development of the lyrics later on.
Su Shi revolutionized the lyrics, using poetry as lyrics, making the lyrics poetic, loose culture, argumentative, expanding the subject matter of the lyrics, and improving the mood of the lyrics. The mood of his words is bold and majestic, so that the Northern Song Dynasty began to change in form, content and style, and opened up a healthy and broad road for the Song Dynasty.
Late Northern Song Dynasty
In the late Northern Song Dynasty, there were some developments in the mood and sound. The most representative writers were Qin Guan, the founder of the Yuanyao school of poetry, Zhou Bangyan, the founder of the metrical school of poetry, and He Zhi, whose style was similar to Qin Guan's. The most representative writers were Qin Guan, the founder of the Yuanyao school of poetry, and Zhou Bangyan, the founder of the metrical school of poetry.
Qin Guan's words are mostly about tenderness, love between men and women, sadness, but also sentimental works, such as "Takesha Hsing Chenzhou hostel", "Full Court Fans Mountain wiped the clouds", etc., all of them are sincere, weak style, language, and has a strong artistic influence.
Zhou Bangyan is proficient in music and rhythm, can measure their own music, the lyrics made by the law is extremely refined, for the later generations of lyricists model, the impact is enormous.
He cast word content and rhetoric and important, both euphemistic and bold style, for the late Northern Song Dynasty important writers. Most of his works are about love between men and women, feelings of separation, a few of the world and personal sorrows of the work is more outstanding, such as the "Case of Green Jade".
Early Southern Song Dynasty
At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, the Jin State, founded by the northern female nobility, occupied ...... >>
Question 4: How many classic things about computers came out in '98 What I remember are the four classics:
1, Yamaha 724 sound card, known as the sound card classic, and is still remembered by countless gamers, and then launched the 744, which is obviously not enough dominance. Also popular for a period of 734, but then we all know that all 734 are fake, huh, on a big when.
2, "Starcraft" game, do not tell me you do not know this game. What? You really don't know? - - Do not know pull down ......
3, AMD's K6-2 processor, I do not need to say more, if it is not this CPU, AMD I am afraid that there is no booking now it;
4, a man called Kuangbai first Learned to surf the Internet! (Hey, that who, littering tomatoes will pollute the environment DI ~ ~ you still throw ~ ~ I flash first ----)
Question 5: I do not know what this girl said to her good friends mean She can often mention you in front of her friends. Whether it is good not bad, it proves that he cares about you, besides, she said good things about you, you should be happy, more need to work hard!
Because I'm a girl, I feel the same way.
Because I'm a girl, I feel the same way.