Difference between Shan Song and Minor Ditty
Shan Song and Minor Ditty are both manifestations of folk songs, which are a kind of traditional folk music of our country, and are songs created orally by the laboring people in the social practice. How to distinguish between mountain songs and ditties? Mountain songs are produced in the field of labor, life, its tune is high and loud, the rhythm is free and long, with straight and free expression of feelings. The main function of the mountain songs is to express the joy in the heart or to talk about the sorrow in the heart. In some regions and ethnic groups in China, mountain songs are often another name for "love songs". The improvisation of the songs is very strong, and the tunes and lyrics are often changed according to the needs.
Shan songs can be categorized into general songs, rice-planting songs and grazing songs.
The general mountain song is the most basic and typical type of mountain song, which is concentrated and purely embodies the basic features of the mountain song genre and is widely distributed. There are the north of the albatross (such as "basket flower flower"), mountain song and climbing tune (such as the mountain song of Shanxi Hequ "30 miles of famous mountains and 20 miles of water", Inner Mongolia climbing tune (such as "yangbari put firewood loud and clear brother"), flowers (such as the Hezhou Daling "go up to the high mountains to look at the plains"); the south of the Jiangsu and Zhejiang mountain song (such as "to the bird"), Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi Hakka mountain song (such as Jiangxi's "Xingguo mountain song"), the southwest of the song (such as the southern mountain song "acacia flowers bloom when"); field rice mountain song (such as the "acacia flowers"), and so on; Tian Yang Shan song (the "acacia flower"), and so on. The folk songs are generally called "Tian Yangge" and are mainly sung for rice-planting, ploughing and water-carrying labor. Labor, in order to encourage the mood, improve efficiency, we must sing the field rice-planting song (such as "Huangshan rice-planting song", "a silk thread across the river"), etc.; grazing song is the grazier in the field labor yell livestock or funny sung by the song, mainly for the rural children sang (such as Yunnan's "horse-herding mountain song"), and so on.
Small tunes, also known as "small songs" and "small orders", are mostly sung on occasions of rest, entertainment and celebration in the lives of the people. Its form is more regular, the expression of a variety of methods, with twists and turns, detailed performance characteristics. The ditties are sung solo, in pairs, in unison, and so on. Singing pairs often have silk bamboo accompaniment.
Because of the wide range of circulation, so that the content of the ditty is more profound, more typical, the musical form is more standardized, the use of musical techniques are more complex and rich; ditty singing of the social strata is more complex, but also to the ditty's content and form has brought complexity.
The ditties are divided into three categories: chants, ballads, and time tunes. Minstrelsy is a kind of minstrelsy that is closely connected with the reality of daily life and has strong practicality, such as children's songs, rocking children's songs (lullabies), crying tunes, chanting tunes, hawking tunes, and minstrelsy tunes in customs and ceremonies, etc. Its music is characterized by: the melody is close to the melody of daily life. Its music is characterized by: melody close to the natural language form, mostly recitative, drag cavity, liner cadence is less, the structure is relatively simple, integrity, independence is poor (such as the children's song "flower toad" in Shandong Chengwei, "lullaby" in Liaoning Xinjin, etc.).
Most of the ballad singers live at the bottom of the society, with low cultural level, and the localization of their music is relatively strong. Traditional ballads include: songs about the suffering of long-time workers (such as the "Worker's Tune" of northern Shaanxi Province), songs about the suffering of women (such as the "Little Cabbage" of Hebei Province), love songs (such as the "Sister's Goodness" of northern Jin Province), songs about daily life (such as the "Embroidered Lanterns" of Hebei Province), and playful songs (such as the "Guessing the Flowers" of Changhai, Liaoning Province), among others.
The time tune is a kind of ditty that has been passed down for a long time and sung widely. Widely circulated and influential time tunes include: Cutting Indigo Flowers (such as Hebei Nampi's Flying Kites), Flowers (such as Jiangsu's Jasmine Flowers), Silver Nuance (such as central Hebei's Visiting Relatives), Wuxi Scene (such as Jiangsu's Wuxi Scene), Mother's Mother Muddle (such as Liaoning Haicheng District's Mother's Mother Hello Muddle), Embroidered Lotus Bags (such as Shanxi's Embroidered Lotus Bags), Pair of Flowers (such as Shanxi's Pair of Flowers), and Stacked Broken Bridges (such as Shaanxi's Pair of Flowers). ), the "Broken Bridge" tune (e.g., "Through the Heart" from Lu'an, Anhui Province), and the "Yang Liu Qing" tune (e.g., "Yang Liu Qing" from Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province), among others.
The distinctive feature of both songs and ditties lies in their rhythms. The rhythm of songs is free and long, while the rhythm of ditties is standardized and balanced. By grasping the rhythmic characteristics of the two, you can recognize which genre the folk song belongs to by hearing it.
Songs, ditties
Songs The most prevalent folk music in the region is the songs, the songs have a high melody, free rhythm, a narrower range, the levitation mode is more than the plumage mode, the rest of the modes are rare, the scale is mostly natural pentatonic scale, the main tone is the final tone, and often for the song's lowest tone, the song for the upper and lower phrases of the repetitions or the "start to carry on the four head structure". The form of the song is the repetition of the upper and lower phrases or the four-sentence head structure of "start, carry, turn". Due to the influence of geography, customs and dialects, three kinds of mountain songs with different characteristics have been formed. One is the Hakka mountain songs, popular in Changting, Wuping, Shanghang, Yongding and other counties, characterized by long tunes and few words. The second is the Longyan Mountain Songs, popular in Longyan and Zhangping mountainous areas. The third is Liancheng Mountain Song, popular in Liancheng County and the border area of Liancheng, Shanghang and Longyan counties and cities. Longyan and Liancheng Shan Songs are characterized by rapid rhythms and many words with fewer cadences. The songs are unaccompanied, and the singers are free to control the pitch and the length of the tunes. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, professional singers began to sing with bamboo flutes, and later added accordions, violins, flutes and other instruments to accompany them; since 1984, electro-acoustic instruments have also been used. Mountain songs are sung singly, in pairs and on reels, and have been passed down from generation to generation among the masses. Most of the ditties are based on "Jasmine Flower", "Sizhou Tune", "Yangzhou Tune", "Fengyang Flower Drum", "Shining Drum", "Shining Drum", "Shining Drum", and so on, which are popular in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Anhui. "Jasmine", "Sizhou Tune", "Yangzhou Tune", "Fengyang Flower Drum", "Shining in the Nine States", "Pregnancy in October", "Meng Jiangnu" and other tunes are based on the local style by combining the characteristics of western Fujian mountain songs. Most of the songs are about life customs and children's songs. There are "marriage songs", "mourning songs", "chanting songs", and "hawking songs". "The songs are also popular in the world. In the process of circulation, some of the ditties were absorbed by local opera music and folk dances. During the Soviet and Anti-Japanese War periods, literature and art workers used a lot of old tunes to fill in new words, sing about the revolution and inspire the spirit of struggle. Some of the more famous ones are: "The Prelude to the Capture of Zhangzhou" filled in with the tune of Meng Jiangnu in December 1930, "The Pike Paid to the Box Gun" filled in with the tune of Minnan Jin Ge, "Mobilizing Husbands to Become the Red Army" filled in with the tune of Minxian Han Opera Crosstalk Scissors Cutting Flowers, "Joining the Children's Troupe" filled in with the Jiangsu Folk Song Going Away to the Mother's Home, "Poor White Army" filled in with the popular song Poor Chouxiang, "Workers' Song" filled in with the tune of the Japanese Folk Song, and "Workers' Song" filled in with the church song Bible. Workers' Song", "Fighting Song for the Defense of the Base Areas" and "Unity is Strength" in the key of the Church Song Bible, "Red Army Discipline Song" in the key of Suwu Shepherd, and "August 1 Song" in the key of the Soviet Union Round Dance Song, and so on. During the Three-Year Guerrilla War, the revolutionary songs secretly sung by the masses in the guerrilla areas included "Thousands of Miles to the North to Resist the Japanese", "Concentrate on the Revolution and Go to the Ends of the Earth", "Not Afraid of the White Ghosts Burning Down the Buildings", and "The Revolution is Not Afraid of Taking the Effort to Make It Happen". After the founding of the country, the traditional folk tunes, and as a musical composition material, composed a number of provincial and local performances, competitions in the award-winning works.