As we all know, the traditional dress culture of ethnic minorities is a valuable spiritual wealth of the Chinese nation, which is a tangible material and intangible spiritual carrier. In our province, She is the most populous ethnic minority. Now, due to the development of socio-economic and cultural, She men and women's clothing is basically similar to the local Han people, can retain a certain degree of national characteristics of the population is still relatively concentrated in Fujian, Zhejiang and other places, especially in Fujian Province, She women's characteristics are significant. Therefore, we must speed up and intensify the study and protection of the She dress culture in this province. Grasp the implications of the She dress and innovation, and contribute to the cultural industry and economic construction in our province.
Overview of the She people
The She people call themselves "Shanha", "Ha", which means "guest" in She language, "Shanha", "guest", "guest", "guest", "guest", "guest", "guest", "guest", "guest", "guest", "guest", "guest", "guest", "guest", "guest". "Shanha" means "guest" in She language, and "Shanha" means guest living in the mountains. Since the Tang Dynasty, the She people for survival, development needs, from Guangdong along the mountains of Fujian to the north, west migration and continue to branch out, the right time, the right place to settle in southwestern Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Anhui and other places, and the Han Chinese people intermingled and intermixed, forming the current "large scattered, small gatherings" of the settlement pattern. In the process of migration, this ethnic group has continuously integrated into the local culture and customs, and has been y influenced by the Han culture, with obvious Sinicization; the She people have their own language but not their own writing, and 99 percent of them use the Hakka dialect of the Chinese language. The She use the Hakka dialect of Chinese and generalize the Han language. As one of the most eye-catching symbols of the She culture, the national costume is no exception, and is constantly absorbing local cultural elements, forming the current She costume "big same, small difference" characteristics.
She is an ancient ethnic group with the 19th largest population among the 56 ethnic groups in China, with a population of 709,000 (according to relevant statistics), mainly distributed in more than a hundred counties and cities in Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Guangdong, and Anhui provinces.
The distribution of She people in Jiangxi and the current situation of dress culture
1. These seven She townships are Taiyuan She Township, Leadshan County, Shangrao; Huangbi She Township, Leadshan County, Shangrao; Zhangping She Township, Guixi County, Yingtan; Chitu She Township, Nankang City; Jinzhu She Township, Le'an County, Fuzhou City; Donggu She Township, Qingyuan District, Ji'an City; and Longgang She Township, Yongfeng County, Ji'an City.
2. The current situation of the dress culture of the She townships in our province
During the research period of the subject, the author led the members of the subject group to go deep into Taiyuan She Township of Leadshan County, Shangrao, and Zhangping She Township of Guixi County, Yingtan City, to carry out field research and to learn about the protection and inheritance of the local dress culture through the local relevant personnel and the She people.
(1) The general characteristics of the She dress in our province.
The author saw that in the She costumes kept by various She township governments, men's and women's costumes were mainly blue or black, except that the traditional ramie or cotton had mostly been replaced by chemical fiber fabrics. The women's upper garment is a small-sleeved shirt with a large lapel, and in the collar and cuffs and right lapel, there are many laces, most of which are large red and peach with yellow patterns, embroidered with various kinds of flowers, birds and geometric decorations, and there are also the most distinctive "phoenix costumes" and "phoenix crowns" of the She women. She men's clothing is basically the same as that of the Han Chinese, and the men's clothing is generally green and blue with large lapels.
(2) Good practices in protection and inheritance.
The province focuses on the economic and cultural development of ethnic areas, and drives the development of various cultural and economic industries through the development of special industrial projects in She villages based on infrastructure projects in ethnic villages.
① Setting up She cultural plaza, costume museum and other cultural display places to show the history of She development, customs and beliefs, costumes, songs and dances, and specialty products. Such as Yingtan City, Guixi County, Zhangping She Township.
② highlighting the characteristics of the She ethnic resources, the construction of ecological and environmental protection, sustainable development of the new characteristics of rural tourist attractions. For example, Longgang She Township in Ji'an develops tourism with "red history, blue folklore, green ecology". In Guixi City, Zhangping She Township can enjoy the wonderful art of She "dog king figure" and "horse lantern dance", you can also hear a variety of She songs.
③Explore and display the cultural heritage of the She people by organizing the She Culture and Art Festival. 26-28 April 2011, the first She Culture and Art Festival of Jiangxi Province was held in Guixi, and it is expected that the second She Culture and Art Festival of Jiangxi Province will be held on 21-22 April 2015 in Ji'an, Jiangxi Province.
These practices of promoting She ethnic customs play a role in protecting the She dress culture in the province.
3. Problems and Reasons Remaining
(1) The She people have not formed a large settlement area due to their historical migration and intermingling with the Han people, and in the process of long-term interactions with the Han people, the She dress faces assimilation and annihilation. The author can't see any She people wearing She clothing in She Township.
(2) Changes in lifestyles and living environments, and the accelerated pace of life, have made the traditional ethnic costumes, which are solid, wearable and warm, not accepted by the new generation of She people, and have no practical significance for their economic life, and have been replaced by simple, bright, and aesthetically pleasing costumes of the times.
(3) The author has also learned that there are no more ethnic costumes in the homes of today's Shemins, and that in major Shemin events, the Shemin costumes worn by the participants are also arranged by the township government.
(4) Nowadays, the young generation can't touch the national symbols and representations of the She people, can't understand the spiritual connotation of the She people, and don't have the sense of responsibility and initiative to pass on the She costumes. The traditional handicrafts such as plant dyeing and hand embroidery in the present Jiangxi She dress have been missing, and have become the products of modern industrialization, and the simple atmosphere has disappeared.