Dongting is the committee of nine rivers such as Yuan and Xiang. It's like a horse practicing its ears. In spring and summer, there is a lake after nine waters. But if you send nine waters, you will also send eight rivers. Jiushuifang Pentium Haosen, in order to hasten Xunyang; And the water in Bajiang is covered with snow, and it thunders from the sky. Nine waters run out of steam, which is not enough to become a flood along the Bajiang River. At first, Jiushui dared not argue with it if she held her breath. The more the nine waters recede, the more the Bajiang River advances, the more difficult it is to reach and the more unbearable it is, and it begins to disperse into a dream of grass, sand and clouds. Clear the universe, shake Gankun, eight or nine hundred Li. It is also strange that Yueyang Tower is located at the intersection of the river and the lake, facing the mausoleum day and night, in order to be poor and abnormal.
In front of the building is Junshan Mountain, such as a sparrow's tail furnace, with drainage face to face and countless trees. Gai sees Dongting from the fragrant wine of Junshan and Langyin Pavilion, and gets the most water. Therefore, it is strange to stick to the sky for a long time. There is a little water in this building, but there is no north shore. I want the government to be a demon in Junshan to be humble; The rivers and lakes are here, and there are no mountains to store them. What if there is a mighty torrent? Therefore, the landscape of the building is strong water and beautiful mountains. The poet Li's Hum and Zhang Bizhi's Obstruction, like those who pity their children, are called beautiful and ugly but not derogatory.
On the day of the tour, the wind was crisp and the lake was flat and ironed. From time to time, boats come and go, such as the thin words on the rope head practicing on the goose creek. By drinking * * * for action, it is intended to chat. In the afternoon, the wind gradually rises in the pavilion, the lake gurgles with sound, and Qian Fan forms a knot, which is also very fast. The tomb of the sun, with cannon cars, strong winds, surging lakes and snowy mountains, shocked the whole city. I looked around, my face was bleak, and I felt sad, but I couldn't help myself.
Yesterday, Teng and Qing Shuai moved to this place. He was very depressed. Zengcheng building is Yueyang building. After finishing, the guest Liao Rangle left and said, "Get down on the railing and cry." The language "Worry about the world first, and enjoy the world later" was also created by Gai. In Dingzhou War, Amethyst increased the number of special agents to comfort the dead and settle down, while the grammarians discussed the country at the expense of the country. Later, the court used people like this, and it was impossible to be heartless. First, he went to North Korea with a bunch of hair, made suggestions in the name of entering the customs, and became a general in the name of a general, which has spread his talent a little; And Gong Fan himself knows that he will soon become the most successful person to report to the government. What is there to cry about? If you give it, Mao awl is embarrassed. For more than 40 years, you can't prepare the country for a screen and a barrier. The mysterious temple has been destroyed and courage is fading. Recently, you have been changed by knowing your own flesh and blood, and finally all the cold geese are gone. If so, you can really cry.
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You Yueyang Tower (translated by Yuan Zhongdao, Peng Xingnian, Jiangsu)
Dongting Lake is the confluence of nine rivers, including Yuanjiang and Xiangjiang. In autumn and winter, the lake is frozen like a white silk because of the cold. In spring and summer, there will be no lakes until nine rivers are flooded. However, when these nine rivers flooded, so did the Yangtze River. Jiujiang water, running Xunyang; The waves of the Yangtze River are like snow, and the sound is like thunder, as if flying from nine days away. The positive tidal power of nine rivers is not enough to resist the waves overflowing from the Yangtze River. These nine rivers have to be as afraid to compete with the Yangtze River as people hold their breath and wrap their clothes. The more the nine rivers recede, the more the Yangtze River advances. The original potholes and narrow places could not bear the impact of the Yangtze River at all, and began to flood into Caoqing Lake, Chisha Lake and Yunmeng Lake. The beautiful world shakes the world for eight or nine hundred miles. Yueyang Tower stands at the intersection of rivers and lakes. It is a strange place to see its ever-changing throughput from morning till night.
In front of the building is Junshan, such as a sparrow's tail furnace, chopping water. Facing the building, there are countless trees on the mountain. Looking at Dongting Lake from Jiuxiang Pavilion and Langyin Pavilion on Junshan Mountain, you can see the largest water surface, so it is wonderful to bathe in the sun, because the water surface in the vast valley is far from the horizon. The water surface of Yueyang Tower is slightly narrow, and the north bank of the Yangtze River can be seen in front. It's just to decorate its shortcomings (ugliness) with the charm of Junshan, not to mention the momentum of rivers and lakes meeting here. If there is no mountain to contain it, it is just a vast torrent. What are your interests? Therefore, the momentum of the building is magnificent water and beautiful mountains. The poet Li Bai's "hmm" and Zhang Bi's "hindrance" (using such words to describe Junshan) are just like people's love for their children. Calling beauty unattractive is not a derogatory term in essence.
On the day of our visit, it was sunny and the lake was as flat as ironing. Ships come and go from time to time, such as small words written on white stream silk. Drinking is boring. At noon, the wind is getting stronger and stronger, and many ships are lining up, which is very fast. In the evening, dark clouds like cannon cars are rising, the wind is blowing violently, the lake is rough, and white waves are as rough as snow-capped mountains, shaking the battlements. At this time, I looked around and it was bleak. I put down my chopsticks and stood up. I am worried, sad and sad, and I can't help myself.
In the past, Teng Amethyst was demoted here because he commanded the army against the enemy in Gyeongju. He was depressed because of frustration, expanded the scale of the original tower and got the Yueyang Tower now. After completion, guests and colleagues will invite guests to participate in the celebration ceremony. Teng Amethyst said, "I just want to hold the railing and cry for a while before I feel happy." Fan Zhongyan's "worrying about the world first, and enjoying the world later" is caused by Teng's achievements. In the battle of Dingzhou, Tengjucheng recruited soldiers, comforted the dead, rewarded the living, and the frontier was peaceful. However, the official in charge of the law later wrote a letter impeaching him for wasting the country's wealth. Since then, the court has used such people (demoting Teng to Yuezhou), how can it not be emotional? However, he entered the DPRK as an official at a young age, was a famous civil servant in the imperial court, and was also a famous military commander when he went out to war. When I was young, I showed my talents a little, and I was close friends with celebrities like Fan Zhongyan. Soon, his achievements were remarkable. What is there to cry about? And I, bound by poetry writing, have not been appointed by the state for more than forty years at once. My dark sideburns have turned white, and my old ambitions have become disheartened. Recently, my brother passed away. I am like a wild goose in winter, wandering around the world. This is really worth crying, it's really worth crying!
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Yuan Zhongdao's Tour of Yueyang Tower: Dongting Lake in Reality and Tears.
We read several poems about Yueyang Tower and Dongting Lake: The Story of Yueyang Tower by Fan Zhongyan, The Story of Climbing Yueyang Tower by Du Fu, The Story of Traveling to Dongting Lake with Uncle and Assistant Minister by Li Bai, and The Letter from Dongting Lake to Premier Zhang by Meng Haoran. Li Bai, Du Fu and Meng Haoran all wrote poems in general. With the help of imagination and virtuality, the subject image is lyrical, but some characteristics of Yueyang Tower and Dongting Lake are adopted, which are varied to express the poet's feelings. The biggest difference between poetry and prose is that the image of poetry does not copy reality, but mutates some characteristics of reality. Wu Qiao, a poetry critic in Qing Dynasty, has a passage in "Poems Around the Furnace":
Or ask "the difference between poetry and literature." Answer: "Is there a difference between the two meanings? It's just different genres and words. It means metaphorical rice, metaphorical cooking of rice, and poetry brewing of wine. Rice does not change the shape of rice, but the shape and quality of wine have changed. "
It means that there is no difference between the meaning of poetry and prose, that is, the content, but the form is different. If the content is rice, prose is to cook rice, and poetry is to make rice into wine. Rice did not change the shape of rice, but wine changed the shape and texture of rice. Of course, there are some inaccuracies in this theory (for example, there is no difference between prose and poetry), but on the whole, it is quite enlightening. It is quite appropriate to say that poetry is imaginative and changeable, and prose is more realistic. Perhaps it is not clear enough for us to read the poems of Du Fu, Li Bai and Meng Haoran. Comparing their poems with Yuan Zhongdao's prose, the difference between them is obvious.
In the works of Li Bai, Du Fu and Meng Haoran, Dongting Lake is always foggy;
There is Wu in the east and Chu in the south, and you can see the endless floating of heaven and earth (Du Fu)
A mist rises from Yungu and Menggu and has been hanging over Yueyang City (Meng Haoran).
In Li Bai's works, such a wave is not enough, but it should be turned into wine:
Baling didn't drink enough wine and got drunk together in the autumn of Dongting Lake.
But in Yuan Zhongdao's works, it is not so romantic:
Dongting is the committee of nine rivers, including Yuanxiang. Dry is like a horse practicing its ears, and there is a lake after nine waters in spring and summer.
What is said here seems to be different from that of Li Bai, Du Fu and Meng Haoran. In the poet's pen, if the lake is written as "ear training", it is not poetic, at least not classical. In other words, Li Bai, Du Fu and Meng Haoran all chose the characteristics of Dongting Lake in spring and summer, not just the characteristics between spring and summer, but always regarded it as the characteristics of Dongting Lake. This general imagination ignores different situations at different times and is called general imagination. This imagination is the power of poetry. Prose focuses on realism. Realism is to emphasize concrete differences. Of course, there are also some general essays, such as Fan Zhongyan's Yueyang Tower:
Rainy, even the month does not open; Evil wind whistling, turbid waves emptying; The sun, moon and stars are hidden, and the mountains are hidden; Business travel is bad and ruined; Twilight is boundless, tigers roar and apes crow.
And:
If it is spring, it is calm and the sky is high and the clouds are light; Sha Ou Ji Xiang, swimming in the brocade scale; The coast is blue and green. Or disappear, the month is thousands of miles away; Floating light and flashing gold, still shadows and heavy walls; It's fun to answer fishing songs.
Although it is prose, it does not emphasize the different situations in different seasons, and regards the grand occasion of the flood season as all. This generalization has the characteristics of poetry. Therefore, such prose, as far as possible to dilute the meaning of prose, as far as possible to strengthen poetry, constitutes a poetic lyric style. In Yuan Zhongdao's prose, it is clearly pointed out that in the dry season, Dongting Lake is not so grand, just like a silk horse. Isn't this a little disappointing? Yes, disappointing is not poetic, but it has the flavor of prose, which is the realistic and intellectual interest of prose.
People's tastes are infinitely rich, and the lyricism of poetry is just one of them, and that is taste. Although the intellectuality of prose lacks romantic interest, there is another interest, that is, the interest of knowledge, that is, the intellectual interest, or the intellectual interest.
The characteristics of intellectual taste are different from taste. Interest, especially lyricism and strong emotional interest, its variability determines its generality, and it pays little attention to the concreteness of details. If the water in Dongting Lake is written as a poem, it is water, and the smoke is vast, which is the same. However, in prose, it is also water, so there is a difference in taste. As a lyric poem, if the great momentum of water is extended to the emotional aspect, it can be transformed into a Wu Chu, which embraces Gan Kun and dreams, shakes Yueyang, turns it into wine and makes it drunk in autumn. But as prose, such feelings alone lack the advantages of prose. If you want to have a sense of superiority in prose, you need a little wisdom: what is the reason for such a vast and grand' water'? Asking this question and answering this question requires knowledge; And knowledge cannot be subjective imagination. Only objective, accurate and intelligent can be interesting. The genius of Yuan Zhongdao's article lies in his accurate answer to such a grand water potential, which is caused by several reasons.
First, it is "Jiushui". When the waters of nine rivers meet, the scale of the lake is realized.
Second, the Yangtze River is fast-flowing.
Third, when they meet, Jiushui can't resist the water potential of the Yangtze River. Only when the water surface expands can we "clear the universe and swing 800 miles".
Fourthly, Yueyang Tower happens to be at the intersection of rivers and lakes, and "abnormal throughput" can be seen day and night.
Fifth, there is Junshan Mountain in front of the building, which can see the scenery, "get the most water" and "a thousand miles and a valley, which is strange to the sky."
Sixth, Yueyang Tower is short of water, but it has a "magic jaw of Junshan Mountain" to make up for the defects.
Seventh, if there is no Junshan, the "vast torrent" will be smooth and monotonous; With junshan, it is full of changes.
The conclusion is that the beauty of the landscape of Yueyang Tower lies in "taking water as strength and mountains as beauty".
From here, we can see that the difference between the interest of this kind of prose and the interest of poetry is that the latter is more subjective and emotional, while the former is more objective and intelligent. Of course, this does not mean that prose cannot be lyrical. In prose, especially in Ming and Qing essays, personal feelings are the focus of life. The key lies in: firstly, the lyricism of prose is based on realistic description; Secondly, their feelings are not pure, but there are processes and dynamic changes:
On the day of the tour, the wind was crisp, the lake was flat and iron, there were boats coming and going, and flies and geese practiced.
Prose description, the skill lies in the specific time and climate (sunny), special boats (boats), special visual effects (such as fine handwriting), unlike the poems of Li Bai, Du Fu and Meng Haoran. In particular, the mood of the characters is constantly changing with the specific scenery: at first, it is "ambitious", then the situation changes, "the lake is choppy, the snow-capped mountains are surging, shaking the city wall", so the author's feeling is not "heroic", but "looking around is bleak, giving up on oneself, and sadness is hard to suppress". I actually cried because of the change of scenery, which shows that I am not only easily excited, but also quite laissez-faire about my feelings. This kind of courage to cry and laugh, in the era of feudal Taoism, is conceited and self-sustaining, and anger is invisible. It is its cuteness and preciousness that writers in Ming and Qing Dynasties dare to express the spirit of freedom. From here on, the author's focus is not on the characteristics of Dongting Lake, but on his own interests. The author took the opportunity to use the allusion that Teng, who built Yueyang Tower, cried among the guests because of the official blow, saying that Teng should not cry because he was a famous remonstrator in the central court, a famous general in the local area and a confidant like Fan Zhongyan. In Yueyang, it won't be long before he can report his achievements. In this case, "What's there to cry about?" As for myself, I am in my forties, my hair is white, and I have not made any contribution to defending my country. When my brother died, I was wandering in a foreign land, facing "the shadow of a cold goose". Such an encounter, "Yes, you can really cry, you can really cry!"
It can be seen that Yuan Zhongdao indulges in the pursuit of individuality in his prose creation, and from his position and social environment, he is a little fearless. However, it is a natural phenomenon that the wind is blowing everywhere and the lake waves are surging, which is very close to the water waves. Unlike Du Fu and Fan Zhongyan, they cry for natural phenomena and rashly associate this with crying for personal political experience. Isn't it a little stiff and worth considering? Whether this outspoken association is enough to show the sincerity of daring to cry and laugh is worth considering.