The Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA), after liberating the southwestern part of the country, began to prepare for the march to Tibet. Considering the specific situation of the Tibet area, the Central People's Government repeatedly informed the local government of Tibet to send representatives to Beijing to discuss matters concerning the peaceful liberation of Tibet. Due to the obstruction of reactionary elements in the upper echelons of Tibet and imperialist forces, the former Tibetan local government delayed sending representatives and deployed the main force of the Tibetan army in Chamdo. in October 1950, the Chinese People's Liberation Army wiped out the main force of the Tibetan army, liberated Chamdo, and opened the door for the advance into Tibet.
In April 1951, the local government of Tibet sent a peace negotiation delegation with Ngapo-Ngawang Jigme as the chief plenipotentiary representative to Beijing to negotiate with the delegation appointed by the Central People's Government with Li Wei-han as the chief plenipotentiary representative on the peaceful liberation of Tibet, and signed the "Agreement on the Measures for the Peaceful Liberation of Tibet" on May 23 in Beijing, and the PLA stationed in Lhasa.
The abolition of the feudal serfdom system is an inevitable requirement for the development of Tibetan society and the urgent wish of the Tibetan people. In order to get rid of the cruel rule of the feudal serfdom system and strive for their own rights as human beings, the Tibetan people have carried out continuous struggles in the form of petitions, flights, resistance to rents and differentials, and armed revolt, etc. When the peaceful liberation of Tibet was realized in 1951, taking into account the special circumstances of the history and reality of Tibet, the Agreement on the Measures for the Peaceful Liberation of Tibet, signed between the Central People's Government and the local government of Tibet, affirmed the necessity of reforming the social system of Tibet, and at the same time provided for the reform of the social system. The Agreement on Measures for the Peaceful Liberation of Tibet signed between the Central People's Government and the local government of Tibet affirmed the necessity of reforming Tibet's social system, while at the same time adopting a very cautious attitude toward reform. It stipulates: "The Central Government shall not impose any compulsion on matters relating to the reform of Tibet. The local government of Tibet shall carry out reforms of its own accord, and when the people put forward their demands for reforms, they shall be resolved by means of consultation with the Tibetan leadership." However, some in the upper echelons of the Tibetan ruling clique were fundamentally opposed to reform, advocating "no reform for a long time, no reform for ever," and attempting to maintain the serfdom system forever in order to safeguard their vested interests. In the face of the Tibetan people's rising demand for democratic reform, instead of responding to public opinion, they colluded with foreign anti-Chinese forces to organize a series of armed rebellions and secessionist activities, killing cadres of the Central Government in Tibet and maiming the Tibetan masses who supported reform. On March 10, 1959, it openly tore up the "Seventeen Articles Agreement" and declared "Tibetan independence," launching a full-scale armed rebellion. Under these circumstances, in order to safeguard the unity of the country and the fundamental interests of the Tibetan people, the Central People's Government, together with the Tibetan people, resolutely quelled the rebellion.
On March 28, 1959, Premier Zhou Enlai signed a decree of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, announcing that the former local government of Tibet would be dissolved and that the Preparatory Committee for the Tibet Autonomous Region would exercise the authority of the former local government of Tibet. From then on, the millions of serfs in Tibet, under the leadership of the Chinese *** Party, became the masters of the country and the society as the people of all ethnic groups in the country, and gained the full political rights, the right to existence and the right to development as stipulated in the Constitution and the law, in sharp contrast to the miserable situation in the old Tibet, which was poor, backward and autocratic, and in which the right of the general masses to existence and the right to political rights were not guaranteed in any way.