Source: Chinese business card network Favorite this page 2006-6-27 14:26:00
World's longest 1: the longest line of the plateau railroad
The total mileage of the whole line reaches 1,142 kilometers
On the sand table of Qinghai-Tibet Railway, the red line which represents the plateau railroad stretches zigzagging in the sand table.
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway is the world's longest plateau railroad, which is synthesized by the Xining-Golmud section and the Golmud-Lhasa section, with a total length of 1,956 kilometers.
The Golmud-Lhasa section of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway crosses the Gobi Desert, swampy wetlands and snowy grasslands, with a total mileage of 1,142 kilometers along the whole line.
From the starting point of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, Nanshankou Station in Golmud City, the snow-capped mountains, rivers, grasslands and lakes are all over the place. With the "spine of Asia", "the ancestor of the Dragon Vein" known as the Kunlun Mountains majestic, an average altitude of 5,500 meters to 6,000 meters, this place is known as the "first mountain of Taoism", but also the birthplace of the Kunlun culture, the It is also the birthplace of Kunlun culture and the cradle of Kunlun mythology. Over the Kunlun Mountains, you will enter China's largest "no man's land" - Coco Sili, where the average altitude of 4600 meters above sea level, known as the "Kingdom of Plateau Animals" of the reputation of the Tibetan antelope The Tibetan antelope, wild yak, Tibetan wild ass, snow leopard and other rare wild animals have brought infinite vitality to the ancient wilderness.
The snowy iron vein across the Yangtze River source Tuotuo River, through the world's highest railroad Tanggula Mountain, into the northern region of Tibet and Dangxiong prairie, through the dense mist of the Yangbajing ground tropical, and finally arrived at the sacred "sunshine city," Lhasa.
After 4 years of difficult to advance, October 15, 2005, the last row of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway rails steadily placed in the Lhasa River, marking the snowy dragon to achieve the whole line through.
The elevation of the Gera section of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is above 3,000 meters above sea level, and there are 965 kilometers in the section with an elevation of 4,000 meters above sea level. National leaders at the opening ceremony of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway once lamented: the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, the world's highest altitude and the longest line of the plateau railroad, is an unprecedented great feat in the history of human railroad construction.
The world's highest 2: the highest altitude plateau railroad
The railroad crosses the section above 4000 meters above sea level for 960 kilometers
After 5 years of hard work, 100,000 road building army wrote a magnificent poem in the "roof of the world", and built the world's highest altitude plateau railroad
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway.
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway traverses 960 kilometers above 4,000 meters above sea level, and the highest point is the Tanggula Mountain Pass, which is 5,072 meters above sea level, and it is known as "the closest railroad to the sky".
The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau construction area year-round cold and lack of oxygen, the climate is complex and volatile, the extreme minimum temperature of minus 45 degrees Celsius, 115 to 160 days a year to scrape more than six winds, the maximum thickness of snow more than 40 millimeters, the average oxygen content of less than 60% of the mainland, where more than half of the region for the uninhabitable "forbidden area of life! "
Lack of oxygen
The plateau reaction brought about by the lack of oxygen is a serious threat to human life and health, and also affects the quality and effectiveness of large-scale construction machinery in this region. In the face of severe tests and extreme difficulties, the majority of railroad builders to "hard not afraid of suffering, lack of oxygen is not lack of spirit, the storm strong will be stronger, higher altitude higher requirements," the fearless heroism, to challenge the limits of life, waving ten thousand feet of heroism, in the snow-covered plateau created a miracle in the history of the world's railroad construction.
The Tibetan Plateau is the world's largest, highest and youngest plateau, known as the "world's third pole". Tibetan Plateau is located in the Asian continent, an area of about 2.5 million square kilometers in China, accounting for more than a quarter of China's total land area, the altitude of most of the more than 3,500 meters above sea level, including Tibet, all of Qinghai, western Sichuan, Xinjiang, southern Gansu, Yunnan, a part of.
Workers work at the highest point of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway at an altitude of 5,072 meters above sea level (June 6, 2005 photo). The Qinghai-Tibet Railway is the world's highest plateau railroad, which crosses 960 kilometers above 4,000 meters above sea level.
The World's Longest Mileage Through Permafrost
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway has crossed 550 kilometers of continuous permafrost
This is a section of Kunlun Mountain permafrost crossed by the Qinghai-Tibet Railway (photo taken on June 18th). The Qinghai-Tibet Railway is the world's longest plateau railroad through permafrost, with a mileage of 550 kilometers through continuous permafrost.
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway: permafrost research is like treating a disease, CT skin test a no less
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway can be called "the world's museum of permafrost engineering"
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway crosses the permafrost area of 550 kilometers
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway permafrost monitoring system was launched at the end of the month
If you say that " the world's longest plateau railway. The world's longest plateau railroad" is just a general measure of the length of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway to wear a top hat of the world's largest, then, the second world's largest may be more tangible, because the Qinghai-Tibet Railway through many years of continuous permafrost mileage of 550 kilometers, to overcome the world's railroad construction history of the permafrost problems that have plagued mankind for a long time.
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway is the world's longest plateau railroad through the permafrost area, the railroad through many years of continuous permafrost area mileage of 550 kilometers.
Frozen soil, is a special type of soil, due to the frozen soil contains ice, so it is a kind of temperature is extremely sensitive and unstable nature of the soil body. The volume of permafrost increases when it freezes, creating the phenomenon of frost heave. When permafrost thaws, it forms thawing and sinking. The greater the ice content in permafrost, the more serious the freezing and thawing phenomena. Serious frost heave and thawing disease may lead to deformation of engineering structure, so that the railroad line loses smoothness, affecting the normal movement of trains. The difficulty of repairing the railroad on the frozen soil can be imagined.
The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau is the world's highest altitude and largest perennial permafrost distribution area in the middle and low latitudes, with the perennial permafrost area accounting for 70% of China's perennial permafrost area. Compared with the high-latitude permafrost, the permafrost on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is characterized by high temperature, thin thickness and strong sensitivity. The Qinghai-Tibet Railway crosses the area where permafrost is most developed.
As early as the early 1960s, China's railroad research department organized scientific and technological strength in the Tibetan plateau permafrost area to carry out scientific research, after more than 40 years of testing and research, accumulated a large number of permafrost observation data, and achieved many valuable results. After the construction of the Gera section of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway began, the Ministry of Railways attached great importance to the problem of permafrost, and organized the relevant experts to actively explore the theoretical study of permafrost, field tests, investigation and design, and scientific construction, and made a major breakthrough in the combination of the theory of permafrost and the practice of permafrost engineering.
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway is the first model of large-scale and comprehensive application of various engineering measures to solve the problem of permafrost in the field of engineering construction in the world's permafrost area. These brand-new solution ideas and innovations in engineering science and technology mark the fact that the practice of permafrost engineering in Qinghai-Tibet Railway for many years has been in the world's leading level.
World's Best 4: Highest Hourly Speed of Plateau Railway
The speed of permafrost section will reach 100 kilometers per hour
A train of wagons is traveling in the permafrost section under the Tanggula Mountain (taken on June 14th).
After the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is completed and opened to traffic, the train's speed will reach 100 kilometers per hour in the tundra section, which is the highest speed of the train in the world's plateau tundra railroad.
After the completion of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, the speed of trains will reach 100 kilometers per hour in the tundra section and 120 kilometers per hour in the non-tundra section, which is the highest speed of trains in the world's plateau tundra railroads.
The world in the permafrost area to build railroads have been more than a century of history, but has been built in the permafrost area of the railroad disease rate is very high, the speed of only 60 to 70 kilometers per hour. According to reports, built in the 1970s, Russia's Beja Railway, 1994 survey of the line disease rate of 27.5%. Nearly a century of operation of the Siberian Railway, 1996 survey of the line disease rate of 45%. China's northeastern forest railroad frozen soil section line disease rate is also high, the disease section train must be slow through, so that the efficiency of railroad transportation has been greatly affected. In the future, the special train for the Qinghai-Tibet Railway will be able to run wildly on the Qinghai-Tibet Railway at a speed of 100 to 120 kilometers per hour. Before the Qinghai-Tibet Railway started construction, frozen soil and high cold and lack of oxygen, ecological fragility has become the three major worldwide road construction problems faced by railroad builders. In order to solve the problem of permafrost that plagued the world's plateau railroad construction field, China's railroad research department as early as the early 1960s, organized scientific and technological forces in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau at an altitude of more than 4,800 meters along the wind volcano, set up a permafrost research base - wind volcano observatory. more than 40 years, scientific researchers in the permafrost under the snowy mountains of test section The researchers have persisted in observing and recording meteorological and permafrost changes, accumulating more than 12 million valuable data for the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway.
On March 1, 2006, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway launched a cargo train for engineering operation test; on May 1, the Gera section of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway launched a passenger train without passengers. Through the test, the passenger and cargo trains run well.
It is understood that the upcoming travel on the Qinghai-Tibet Railway passenger car design speed of 160 kilometers per hour, the car body using weather-resistant steel welding structure.
The world's most 5, 6: the highest and longest plateau tundra tunnel
The highest plateau tundra tunnel:
Wind Volcano Tunnel 5010 meters above sea level
Wind Volcano Tunnel is located in the 5010 meters above sea level on the wind volcano, the total length of 1,338 meters, the track surface elevation of 4,905 meters above sea level, all located in the permanent highland permafrost, the world's current It is the highest altitude and the longest plateau tundra tunnel across the tundra area in the world, and is called "the world's first high tunnel". Before the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway began, the western media predicted that the Qinghai-Tibet Railway would not be able to pass through the Wind Volcano, because the underground of the Wind Volcano is full of permafrost all the year round, with the thickness of ice reaching more than 150 meters. In addition, the natural conditions are very harsh, posing a greater threat to the health of the participants in the construction. In the wind volcano tunnel construction, the construction personnel successively overcome the shallow tundra tunnel into the hole, ice rock light explosion, soil ice layer hot melt control and spray protection and so on more than 20 world plateau tundra construction of major scientific research problems. 2002 October 19, Qinghai-Tibet Railway, the wind volcano tunnel triumphantly through.
In 2002, the reporter went into the wind volcano tunnel construction site, outside the tunnel had seen the railroad builders wrote a couplet: "ride the white clouds caressing the blue sky to fight the snowy region to bind the dragon, step on the wind inviting the moon through the world's tallest tunnel," the performance of the builders of the ambition of the clouds, full of pride, and people are in awe of.
The longest plateau tundra tunnel:
Kunlun Mountain Tunnel 1686 meters long
At an altitude of 4767 meters near the mouth of the Kunlun Mountains, is located in the world's longest high plateau tundra tunnel - a total length of 1,686 meters of the Kunlun Mountain Tunnel.
The Kunlun Mountain is a tall and majestic mountain that runs through the center of Asia and is known as the "spine of Asia" and "the ancestor of the Dragon Vein". Kunlun snow in June, in the middle of summer, silver, enchanting. Kunlun Mountain Tunnel is located in the plateau permafrost area, complex geological structure, harsh natural conditions, the tunnel through a number of fracture zones, the entrance to the thick layer of underground ice, the exit for the rock piles, in the middle of the fissure water, groundwater, thawing mud flow, etc., is known as the plateau geology, "kaleidoscope".
It is understood that when building the Kunlun Mountain Tunnel, due to the lack of oxygen, construction workers carrying 5 kg of oxygen bottles, while inhaling oxygen while working, a year of light oxygen can consume 120,000 bottles.
After a year of arduous construction, on September 26, 2002, the Kunlun Mountain Tunnel was successfully opened.
The world's highest 7: the highest railway station
Tanggula station at an altitude of 5068 meters
Tanggula station, the world's highest railway station at an altitude of 5,068 meters (June 11), is the highest railway station in the world.
Qinghai-Tibet Railway: A look back at the dueling Tanggula (photo)
Tanggula Station of Qinghai-Tibet Railway is located in the hinterland of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau at an altitude of 5,068 meters, about 600 kilometers away from Lhasa. Tanggula station belongs to the passenger and cargo integrated station, is the highest elevation of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway line at the intermediate station, but also the world's highest railway station.
Located in the hinterland of the Tibetan Plateau, Tanggula Mountain is also known as the Dangla Mountain, which means "the eagle can't fly over the mountains" in Mongolian, and is connected to the Karakoram Mountains. Here the air is extremely thin, the climate is harsh, the air oxygen content is only half of the mainland plains, rolling snow-capped mountains show the "forbidden zone of life" of the vast and mysterious. Being here, you can strongly feel here from the sky is very close, especially at night, the sky full of stars big and bright, almost reachable.
Tanggula Mountain Station highlights the architectural features of the Tibetan people, the station set up a showroom, mainly for the introduction of the Tibetan Plateau scenery and permafrost-related knowledge, the station platform is marked "the highest point of the world's railroads at an altitude of 5,072 meters," (railroads across the Tanggula Mountain pass the highest point) of the monolith. The basic station platform set up sightseeing platform and canopy, for tourists to enjoy the snowy landscape, shooting the "roof of the world" unique scenery.
Tanggula station building construction area of 384.2 square meters. In order to facilitate travelers in Tanggula station can watch or shoot the majestic Tanggula mountain peak, the railway department in the original station design based on careful selection of the station location, and finally chose to look at the main peak of the Tanggula mountain in the best place to build the platform, and the construction of the monument and sculpture, is the Qinghai-Tibet Railway one of the best attractions along the whole line. When Tanggula Station comes into operation, it will be heated by environmentally friendly energy sources, mainly electricity, solar energy and wind energy. The station's waste will be collected and centralized.
Tanggula station: clouds to see the "sky road" "Jedi" cast monument
Tanggula station, the world's highest railway station, the main body of the station complex is completed
The world's longest 8
Longest highland tundra Railroad Bridge
The first longest bridge of Qinghai-Tibet Railway reaches 11.7 kilometers
In China's largest "no man's land" - more than 4,600 meters above sea level on the fringe of Coco Sicily National Nature Reserve, a beautiful "rainbow bridge" flies under the Kunlun Snow Mountain, which is 11.7 kilometers in length, known as the Qinghai-Tibet Railway's first longest bridge of the Qingshui River Bridge, which is the world's longest plateau tundra railway bridge. The bridge is also the world's longest highland tundra railroad bridge. Cocozily is cold and lack of oxygen, with scarce vegetation and fragile ecology. At the same time, it is in the plateau permafrost area, with the thickness of permafrost reaching more than 20 meters. In order to solve the problem of construction in plateau tundra and protect the nature reserve, the experts of Qinghai-Tibet Railway survey and design adopted the measure of "using bridge instead of road"." Bridge instead of road" solves the problem of stability of the roadbed in the plateau tundra area, at the same time, the bridge piers between more than 1,300 bridge holes for the Tibetan antelope and other wild animals to provide a free migration channel.
This is the world's longest plateau tundra railroad bridge -- the 11.7-kilometer-long Qingshuihe Bridge of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway.
World's Best 9
The Highest Railway Laying Base
The Ando Laying Base of Qinghai-Tibet Railway is 4704 meters above sea level
In the northern part of Ando County of Nagchu Prefecture, Tibet, there is a Qinghai-Tibet Railway laying base covering an area of more than 8,000 square meters and with an elevation of 4,704 meters above sea level - the Ando Laying Base - the highest railroad laying base in the world. All the rails and prefabricated bridges required for more than 530 kilometers of railroads in Tibet are produced by Ando Laying Base. Laying base plays an important role in the construction of the railroad, it is mainly responsible for all kinds of laying materials reserves, with rails and sleepers to produce railroad track, prefabricated bridges, as well as locomotives and other large-scale equipment refurbishment preparations. Ando paving base climate is very harsh, air oxygen content is only half of the mainland plains. It is in this working environment, the base workers still created a single day paving frame 8.1 kilometers of plateau paving record, single-shift production of rail rows up to 110 rows, that is, 2.75 kilometers, which is rare in the domestic railroad rail rows in a single shift production.