Since the formation of Lishui boatman's chant in the middle of Ming Dynasty, it has a history of more than 500 years, which has spread widely and has far-reaching influence.
The mid-Ming Dynasty was the embryonic period of "Lishui boatman's chant", which prevailed in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China.
From 65438 to 0956, the folk music collecting team led by Yang, director of the Central Music Research Institute, made a special trip to Changde and Lixian to collect and sort out the boatman songs in Lishui. Later, Hunan Song and Dance Troupe organized rehearsals, participated in the national folk music performance and won the first prize of folk music. Soon after, it was adapted by the National Orchestra of the Central Song and Dance Troupe, and after performing in Beijing, it went abroad to perform in Moscow, Hungary and other countries, and won international awards. At the same time, Chinese record companies published and distributed records. 196 1 was broadcast to the whole country by China People's Broadcasting Station; 1980 reprinted by Shanghai Literature and Art Publishing House in the first volume of China Folk Songs; 198 1 year, Lishui boatman's song was selected into Selected Folk Songs of Hunan Province, which was listed as the music teaching material of normal school.
twenty-first century
On May 20th, 2006, Lishui Boatman was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.
Lishui boatman's corner was originally formed with the appearance of merchant ships, developed with the development of merchant ships, and became endangered with the disappearance of wooden merchant ships. Since the reform and opening up, the transportation industry has made great progress. Cars and trains have taken the place of water transport in the Lishui River Basin. 90% of the boat people have already changed careers and made a living. The boatman's pulling fiber is a thing of the past. The older generation of boatmen also passed away because of their advanced age. In this case, the ancient Lishui boatman is on the verge of being lost.
During the 11th Five-Year Plan protection period, the inheritance and protection of the boatman's son in Lishui, Li County was carried out in an orderly manner, and the singing and biography work achieved gratifying results. Among them, the middle school established the "Lixian Folk Music Training Base", and Chengguan Middle School used the new school-based textbook to sing "Lishui Boatman". Jinghe Troupe performed a new song and dance program "Lishui Boatman's Song" all over the county. And conducted a general survey in Lixian County, collected and sorted out the materials and music scores of the boatman's number in Lishui, and improved the archives and information base of Lixian inheritors.
In 2006, Hunan Peasant Games was held in Changde. Li Xiaoping, a young composer of Changde Art Research Institute, created Lishui Boatman Song with reference to previous music materials, and performed at the opening ceremony of the Peasant Games with strong dance, which became famous for a while.
20 1 1 In order to cooperate with the promulgation and implementation of the People's Republic of China (PRC) Intangible Cultural Heritage Law, the Shanghai Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection Center and the Shanghai Yangpu District Cultural Bureau jointly held the "Exchange and Exhibition of Folk Songs in the Yangtze River Basin". In order to participate in this activity, the Hunan "Lishui Boatman Choir" team, which was jointly established by Hunan Normal University Conservatory of Music and Lixian Wenguang New Bureau, spent more than a month rearranging programs and organizing training. As one of the nine folk songs, they presented a program that is closer to the original ecology and reproduces the Lishui boatman chorus theater at the Yangpu District Cultural Center in Shanghai on June 3rd at 201/kloc-0.
From April, 2065 438+0 1 4, Li Xiaoping of Changde City and Luo Jinan, a composer of Changde City, were invited by hunan university of arts and science to process Lishui Boatman. According to the dance creativity, lyrical paragraphs of Yaojie and more exciting paragraphs of Rushing to the Beach were added, and with reference to the opinions of all parties, it was named Lishui Boatman. The whole dance is divided into three parts, which are composed of "Pingshui Haozi", "Yaomeizi" and "Beach Rushing". Through the changeable and magnificent dance movements, the intense labor life and optimistic, proud, determined and brave character of Lishui boatman are vividly displayed. Since its creation, the dance has won the gold medal in the third national college students' art exhibition, and has been performed in many provinces and cities, which has been well received by the audience. 20 13 Dance participated in the live performance of CCTV's "Flowers in May Our Chinese Dream-2065438+03 National College Students Campus Art Show".
20 14 programs related to Lishui boatman's bugle also appeared in various local cultural performances and large-scale concerts in Hunan from time to time. Regional differences
Due to different regions, Lishui boatman's horn can be divided into upper river cavity and lower river cavity:
Shanghe room refers to the river room above Shimen and below Sangzhi. Navigation and cargo transportation are very difficult because of the steep mountains, narrow rivers and many reefs on the beach. Therefore, the boatman's trumpets are powerful, the rhythm is bright, the lining words are more than the lyrics, and he fights fearlessly, mainly relying on the paddle to count the boards;
From Lixian County to Anxiang, Jinshi City, it is the northern Hunan Plain with flat terrain and wide river surface. Although there are strong winds and waves from time to time, it is much milder than the upper reaches. Therefore, the sound cavity of Lishui Boatman tends to be comfortable and elegant, with a slightly slower rhythm and more beautiful, which is called "Xiahe cavity".
The upper river cavity and the lower river cavity are exactly the same, and both the flat cavity and Allegro can be used alternately according to the time and place. There is no absolute boundary, but the tone cavity changes slightly.
Singing disc
The singing methods of Lishui boatman's bugle are divided into four types: Ping, Shu, Allegro and Adagio. The Pole, also known as Mumeizi Hook, was sung when rowing in the advection section. The number plate, also known as "low-pitched", has a compact rhythm and high speed, and it is sung when marching in deep water; Allegro, also known as "treble", is a kind of trumpet that is sung when rowing in deep water and fighting against rapids; Adagio, commonly known as "Sanyaotai", is a kind of horn used in deep-water sculling, with stable rhythm and deep timbre. Application occasion
Lishui boatman trumpets can be roughly divided into three types according to their uses: loading trumpets, launching trumpets and water delivery trumpets.