These ten armed uprisings are:
1. Guangzhou Uprising:
1895 65438+1In late October, Sun Yat-sen arrived in Hong Kong from Huonu Lu Lu, and on February 2 1 3, he established the "Zhong Xing General Office" at Stanton Street, Central Hong Kong. Revise the articles of association of Xing Zhong Hui, and plan and organize an armed uprising with gang heroes and Jianghu heroes as the main body. After some preparations, it was decided that the headquarters of the uprising was located in Hong Kong, which contacted all the associations in Guangdong. In that year, the Double Ninth Festival uprising occupied Guangzhou, and then the Northern Expedition overthrew the rule of the Qing Dynasty.
Yang sits in Hong Kong as the commander in chief. Volunteers and weapons who set out from Hong Kong to take part in the uprising left Hong Kong on the eighth night of the ninth lunar month and are expected to arrive the next day to join comrades hiding in Guangzhou's urban areas, suburbs and water to launch an attack on the government. Sun Yat-sen lurked in Guangzhou to direct the uprising. However, the Qing government in Guangzhou had already received secret reports, and the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, Tan, sent thousands of troops to impose martial law in Guangzhou, and the uprising eventually failed.
While torturing the arrested members of the Zhong Xing Society, the Qing court wantonly searched for the escaped revolutionaries. Sun Yat-sen quickly disbanded his men and hid them separately. Lu had already left, but it suddenly occurred to him that he didn't bring the party roster, so he sneaked back to the headquarters and burned it. Unfortunately, he was captured by a Qing soldier led by a traitor.
Faced with threats and inducements, Dong Hao remained unmoved. Tan became angry from embarrassment and ordered the execution of Lu, Zhu Guiquan and others on the charge of "the remnants of heaven and earth". Sun Yat-sen and others are also in exile.
After the failure of the Guangzhou Uprising, Sun Yat-sen went to the United States, Britain, Canada, Japan and other countries to contact overseas Chinese to "oppose the Qing Dynasty". During his exile, he condensed his political slogan into the Three People's Principles of "Nationality, Civil Rights and People's Livelihood".
2. Huizhou Uprising:
1900, the boxer movement took place in the north. Seeing the weakening of the ruling power of the Qing government, Dr. Sun Yat-sen thought: "The time has come, and there is no hesitation between luck and misfortune." He decided to step up the second armed uprising in Guangdong. ?
17 In July, Sun Yat-sen went to Hong Kong with all the backbone of the Overseas Chinese Association, but was refused entry by the British authorities in Hong Kong. On July 20th, Sun Yat-sen left Hong Kong for Japan. With the support of the Japanese government, he decided to order Zheng Shiliang to find an opportunity to launch an uprising.
Zheng Shiliang, a native of Huizhou, Guangdong, was promoted to the leader of the "underworld" because of his high martial arts. He is Sun Yat-sen's classmate and good friend .. 10 On June 6th, Zheng Shiliang assembled more than 600 Hui people in Sanzhoutian, Huiyang County, stormed Xin 'an Shawan, wiped out more than 70 captured enemies, seized more than 40 guns, and the Qing army fled everywhere.
Rebels are like tigers going down the mountain. They won the first battle and their morale was high. They pushed in the direction of Shenzhen as planned. On the way to the parade, many people enthusiastically joined in. The insurgents won another great victory near the town of Hu Yong. The team once grew to more than 30,000 people.
Just as the revolutionary army was advancing, the Japanese cabinet was replaced, and the arms shipped from Taiwan Province Province were not allowed to land, which led to problems in the supply of the revolutionary army. According to Sun Yat-sen's orders, Zheng Shiliang said: "The political situation has changed suddenly, and foreign aid is difficult; Even when I arrived in Xiamen, I did nothing. Militarily, please ask the commander to decide for himself. " So he gave up the plan to attack Baoan County and turned to the northeast, preparing to move to Xiamen to meet a batch of arms ordered by Sun Yat-sen and Japan.
Although the rebels were brave, they finally ran out of ammunition and food and were besieged by the Qing army. The insurgents had to disband themselves, and Zheng Shiliang fled to Hong Kong and soon went into exile. Huizhou uprising fell by the wayside.
Huizhou Uprising was an important armed uprising organized and planned by Sun Yat-sen during the Hui period, and it was also one of the largest uprisings he launched. Although the uprising failed, it had a great influence, which contributed to the awakening of the people and the upsurge of the democratic revolution. Sun Yat-sen's revolution was gradually accepted by the people and was no longer called a "traitor".
3. Huanggang Uprising:
1905 In August, at the proposal of Sun Yat-sen, China Alliance was established in Tokyo, Japan. As prime minister, Sun Yat-sen put forward the three principles of nationality, civil rights and people's livelihood as the program. Since then, the first bourgeois revolutionary party in China was born. Pushed the armed anti-Qing to a new stage.
1907, the Japanese government deported Sun Yat-sen at the request of the Qing government. Sun Yat-sen arrived in Vietnam via Singapore, set up the Vietnam branch of the League, raised funds for the uprising among overseas Chinese in Vietnam, and set up the armed uprising headquarters in Guangdong, Guangxi and Yunnan provinces in Hanoi. Sun Yat-sen sent Xu Xueqiu and Deng Ziyu to Chaozhou and Huizhou respectively to organize uprisings.
Xu Xueqiu (1875— 19 12), a native of Chao 'an County, Chaozhou Prefecture, lived in Singapore in his early years and was a wealthy overseas Chinese businessman. 1906 Meet Sun Yat-sen and join the League. Sun Yat-sen appointed him as "Commander-in-Chief of the East Army of China National Army" and went back to his hometown to plan the uprising. /kloc-at the beginning of 0/907, Xu Xueqiu went to Nanyang to raise money and had a meeting in his hometown.
It was decided to hold an uprising in Huanggang on February 1907, with the goal of occupying Chaozhou Fucheng. Xu Xueqiu organized hundreds of people, bought more than kilograms of gunpowder 1000 and a batch of firearms, and made a banner with the words "Marshal Sun" on one side and "expelling Manchu" on more than a dozen sides. He made specific arrangements for the main direction of the uprising and the countermeasures of all parties.
The uprising failed because of the sudden heavy rain. Some brothers gathered in Toyama Port have broken up; The brothers who were scheduled to meet in Huanggang could not arrive on time. Seeing this situation, Xu Xueqiu quietly canceled the uprising, handed over the aftermath to others, went to Hong Kong and asked someone to report what had happened to Sun Yat-sen. However, word got out that Xue Jinfu, Zhang Shun, Huang Zhi and others were killed by officials in late March and sacrificed in vain.
On April 1 1, the Manchu authorities arrested Qiu Bao and Zhang Shan again and put them in Huanggang. Xu Xueqiu and others advocate rescue. On June 2 1 day, more than 700 people secretly gathered in Lisan, north of Huanggang. After the swearing-in meeting, the soldiers attacked the Qing soldiers stationed in Huanggang town in four ways.
The rebel army was very brave and soon occupied the enemy's stronghold and occupied the whole town. Subsequently, a military government was established, and Chen Yongbo was elected as commander, Yu and Yu as deputy commanders, and it was decided to issue a campaign in the name of "Sun, the commander-in-chief of the Guangdong National Army", announcing that "all branches and shops will open as usual and all exorbitant taxes will be exempted".
On June 24th, the insurgents attacked Chaozhou and Shantou. After hearing the news, Huang, the general commander of the Qing government in Chaozhou, led hundreds of soldiers from Chaozhou to stop the rebellion. But instead, the rebels surrounded the Qing army. At this time, Chaoyang Qing army guerrilla battalion led by battalion commander Zhao Yuexiu came from Shantou sea road for help. The rebels persisted for five days, suffered heavy casualties and were forced to retreat. Jin Fu led the Qing army to recapture Huanggang Town, and the uprising failed.
Xu Xueqiu reported to Sun Yat-sen the reason for the failure: "The loss of local artillery to foreign artillery was the main reason for the failure of Huanggang Campaign. If you can buy and transport new ordnance from abroad, you can call party member along the coast of Haifeng and Lufeng to attack on a large scale. " Sun Yat-sen agreed and sent people to buy weapons, asking Xu Xueqiu to continue planning the uprising.
4. Seven Women Lake Uprising:
1907 At the end of May, Sun Yat-sen sent Deng Ziyu and others to lead the armed forces of the Communist party member to Qinv Lake in Guishan (now Huiyang) County, Huizhou, to coordinate the Huanggang Uprising.
Deng Ziyu is a native of Huiyang and runs a hotel in Singapore. A chivalrous man is the leader of the "three-point meeting" in Huiyang and Boluo counties and Zheng Shiliang's right-hand man. He was in Hongkong and sent Chen Chun, Lin Wang and Sun Wen back to their hometown to launch an uprising in three ways, only to respond all the way. On June 2, the rebels occupied a big town called "Qiguniang Lake" in the north of Guishan, and seized the weapons of the patrol battalion in this town. On the 5th, we conquered Qiu, Yangcun and Sanda.
There are only more than 200 revolutionary troops, and the Qing army has transferred four battalions. The two sides fought fiercely for more than ten days, and the revolutionary army was outnumbered. On June 2nd, after Chen Chun, Lin Wang and Sun Wen led the troops to bury their guns, they ordered the dissolution, and the three men sneaked back to Hong Kong and went to Singapore. Deng Ziyu was banished from Hongkong and went to Singapore.
5. Qin, Lian and Fangcheng Uprising;
The people of Qinzhou and Lianzhou (now Guangxi) in Guangdong made a living by planting sugar cane, and the Qing government collected sugar donations many times. 1in the spring of 907, Sannaxu organized a "meeting of ten thousand people" and sent representatives to the yamen to petition. It is well known that representatives were detained, and hundreds of people rushed into the yamen and rescued the detained representatives. The Qing government immediately sent troops to suppress it.
When Sun Yat-sen, who was in Vietnam, heard the news, he sent Kuang Jingchuan to contact the "ten thousand people's meeting" and called for the combination of anti-donation and revolutionary party uprising.
Sun Yat-sen sent Huang Xing and Wang Heshun to Qinzhou. Huang Xing found Guo, the battalion commander of the patrol battalion of the Qing army. He is a fellow villager and friend of Huang Xing, who was detained in Shanghai by the Qing court authorities. Guo promised that in the future, as long as there is an "upright revolutionary army, it will turn back."
On the eve of the uprising in Qinzhou and Lianzhou, there were 6,000 township groups and 2,000 revolutionary armies in Qinzhou. Anyway, there are more than 6,000 new troops ready to organize an army. The revolutionary army believes that when weapons arrive, they can occupy the defensive cities first. However, there was a conflict in party member, and the plan to buy weapons could not be realized.
Wang Heshun, a native of Zhuang nationality, was appointed by Sun Yat-sen as the commander-in-chief of the Southern Army of China National Army. 1 September 9071,Wang Heshun led the revolutionary army to bypass Qinzhou and attack Fangcheng County. Liu Yongde, commander of the left sentry post of the Qing army Yoko camp in the city, first responded to the rebel army, and Li Zhikun, the right sentry post of the Qing army Yoko camp, also led the people to echo. So, on September 5th, Wang Heshun took Fangcheng without bloodshed. This is the first time that the revolutionary army occupied the county in the history of the Republic of China.
At that time, the insurgents did not unite with the local farmers who resisted donations, but fought alone. In addition, Guo, commander-in-chief of the fresh army, expressed his support for the revolution, attacked the revolutionary army and fell into a situation of being caught between Scylla and Charybdis. The revolutionary army persisted until the middle of September, but due to the cut-off of weapons, ammunition and military supplies, it finally retreated to the depths of the mountains at the junction of Guangdong and Guangxi.
6. Zhennanguan Uprising:
Fangchenggang Uprising was another failure. However, Sun Yat-sen did not flinch. He and Huang Xing planned to attack the fortress town of Nanguan (now Friendship Pass) from Vietnam.
1September, 907, the alliance summarized the reasons for the failure of the "uprising and siege", and believed that the main reasons were complicated personnel, backward guns and weak countermeasures. Therefore, Sun Yat-sen appointed Mingtang Huang, the leader of the "triad" in Qinzhou, as the governor of Nanguan Town.
Mingtang Huang (1870- 1938), a native of Qinzhou, was ordered by Sun Yat-sen, led more than 80 people into Guangxi, contacted the Qing army to attack the south gate of the town, and soon occupied three fortresses in the south, middle and north of Zhen Fu. 190765438+February, Sun Yat-sen led Huang Xing and Hu Conghe to Zhennanguan to personally supervise the war. Sun Yat-sen also went to the position to dress the wounds of the wounded and bombarded the enemy with his own gun.
Sun Yat-sen has been living an anonymous life because he was hunted down by the Qing government. Today, I personally went into battle, very emotional. He said: "I have opposed the Qing government for more than 20 years. On this day, I will personally shell the Qing army!" He also visited Zhuang villagers near the fort. He said to the local farmers, "The fort is ours now, so everyone can go up and play. We will soon overthrow the Manchu dynasty, when everyone will get rid of oppression and bullying. "
In this campaign, the insurgents occupied the south gate of the town and seized 14 guns and more than 400 rifles.
Although the revolutionary army quickly occupied the south gate of the town, it could not expand the fruits of victory and eventually failed. One of the important reasons is the lack of funds. Secondly, the lack of ordnance and materials is also an important reason for the failure of Zhennanguan. Third, under the pressure of the Qing government, the French and Vietnamese authorities changed their original attitude of conniving at revolutionaries and turned to suppress the revolution, which led to the failure of the Zhennanguan uprising.
7. Qin Lian think uprising:
After the failure of Zhennanguan Uprising, Sun Yat-sen left Vietnam. 1908, Huang Xing, following Sun Yat-sen's orders, summoned the members of the Overseas Chinese Alliance in Wang Heshun and the former headquarters, and announced the establishment of China Guojun South Road Army, with Huang Xing as the commander-in-chief.
Huang Xing (1874— 19 16), a native of Changsha, Hunan Province, was the founder of Huaxinghui. After the formation of the League, his leading position was second only to that of Sun Yat-sen..
1908 On March 27th, Huang Xing led more than 200 South Route Army of China National Army into Qinzhou. They entered the country from Vietnam, carrying hundreds of mauser guns, neat military uniforms, blowing horns and holding high the blue sky and white flag. They posted notices of Huang Xing, commander-in-chief of the South Army of the Republic of China, and people set off firecrackers on the roadside to welcome the young and old.
On March 29, more than 600 people from the Qing army came to Qinzhou to "suppress", and Huang Xingbing met three ways. The enemy was defeated and captured more than 50 people. On April 2, the revolutionary army ambushed the Qing army in Madushan. The Qing soldiers were defeated again, and two sentry officers were captured. Anyway, there were more than 30 soldiers. The strength of the revolutionary army has expanded from 200 to more than 600. Because Guo mistakenly thought that he had been attacked by the revolutionary army, he turned back and led 3000 Qing soldiers to surround the revolutionary army.
With the disparity between the enemy and ourselves and the exhaustion of ammunition, Huang Xing had to disband the revolutionary army and return to Hanoi, Vietnam.
8. Hekou Uprising:
The estuary is also the border between China and Viet Nam, and it is a military important place. It has been a battleground for military strategists since ancient times. Sun Yat-sen appointed Mingtang Huang in charge of the military, assisted by Mingtang Huang, Wang Heshun and Guan Renfu. Sun Yat-sen plans to launch an armed uprising here at the same time as the Zhennanguan uprising.
1On April 29th, 908, when Huang Xing led the rebels to Qinzhou, Lianzhou and Shangsi, Mingtang Huang and others were ordered by Sun Yat-sen, and 100 people entered the mouth of Yunnan from the old street in Vietnam at midnight. The Qing army firefighters killed the pipe belt. Anyway, 400 people joined the revolutionary army for the first time. More than 500 people attacked the city.
Wang Zhenbang, the deputy governor of the southern defense of the Qing army, stuck to the estuary, but the rebel army made an unsuccessful attack. At this point, Huang Yuanzhen secretly took the troops out of the city in batches and put them into the revolutionary army. By the next afternoon, Wang Zhenbang expressed his willingness to surrender. The revolutionary army sent Huang Huating to negotiate with the guards on the mountain, and Wang Zhenbang killed them both. The revolutionary army stormed again and killed a pipe belt of the Qing army on the mountain; Wang Zhenbang was also killed by the military pistol; Cen Degui, the city guard, was captured.
Anyway, the rest of the Qing army is in the hands of the revolutionary army. 65,438 rifles and 10 bullets were seized. The number of revolutionary troops has increased to 1000.
Since then, Mingtang Huang led the main revolutionary army northward, and successively occupied Nanxi and Xinjie. However, there is no food and money. Hu, who stayed in Hanoi and was in charge of logistics supply, was helpless, so he wrote to Sun Yat-sen in an emergency. Sun Yat-sen appointed Huang Xing as the commander-in-chief of Yunnan National Army and ordered him to rush to Hekou Du Shi. On May 7, Huang Xing rushed to Laojie and planned to attack Kunming. Mingtang Huang and others refused to obey Huang Xing's command, so Huang Xing had to return to Hanoi by 1 1.
Due to the suppression by the Qing government, the revolutionary army was caught in the cracks before and after, fighting hard for more than a month, and finally exhausted. Finally, Mingtang Huang led more than 600 revolutionary troops to retreat to Taiyuan. France ordered the revolutionary army to disarm, and the two sides clashed for months. Later, overseas Chinese leader Liang intervened. After the revolutionary army disarmed, the French authorities sent them to Singapore.
9. Guangzhou New Army Uprising;
The first six armed uprisings failed. Sun Yat-sen summed up his experience and thought that military struggle should not only rely on joining the party, but also against the Qing army, especially the new army. 1909 10 The Southern Branch of the League headed by Hu was established in Hong Kong, responsible for planning the uprising of the new army in Guangzhou.
1908, the League did a lot of work in Guangzhou New Army. After Zhao Sheng was forced to leave the army, he presided over the military work of the southern branch of the League in Hong Kong. Guangzhou new army has three targets, which are combined into an association, with about 6000 people. Most of the soldiers of the new army came from the patrol battalion commanded by the revolutionary Zhao Sheng and were instilled with revolutionary ideas.
Ni Yingdian, platoon leader of the artillery battalion of the New Army, is also a member. He traveled between Guangzhou and Hong Kong to publicize the revolution and introduced more than 65,438+0,000 people to join the League. June 65438+the same year 10, he became the general director of the new sports army. With the approval of Sun Yat-sen, the Southern Branch of the League officially appointed Ni Yingdian as the commander of the revolutionary army, and decided that the Guangzhou New Army would revolt on February 24th (the 15th day of the first month) 19 10.
Unexpectedly, the accident happened. On February 9 19 10, Wu Yingyuan, a second-bid soldier of the new army, and others quarreled with the owner of Xiuwenzhai Bookstore in Chenghuang Temple and were arrested by patrol. The second bid of the new army sent people to the patrol bureau to demand the release of the arrested soldiers, but they were rejected. After hearing the news, the soldiers who bid for the first time lined up outside the city gate to make noise.
For fear of news leakage, Ni Yingdian decided to revolt in advance on the sixth day of the first month. On the morning of the third day, Ni Yingdian entered the first target artillery battalion and wanted to persuade his comrades to wait for another three days. Unexpectedly, Qi Ruhan, the battalion commander of the artillery battalion, called all the officers and men of the battalion to lecture them and told them not to be taken in by the revolutionary party. Ni Yingdian, impatient, pulled out his pistol and killed Ji Ruhan. The team official Song Diankui refused to accept it and was also killed on the spot. Ni Yingdian announced an immediate uprising and was elected commander-in-chief. He led 1000 many officers and men of the banner to attack the East Gate via Shahe River. Guangzhou new army uprising broke out.
Ni Yingdian, dressed in a blue robe, held high the red flag in one hand and danced the saber in the other, commanding the new army to bid against the Qing army for the first time. The two armies shot at each other, and Ni Yingdian was unfortunately shot and died heroically. The first bid of the new army was leaderless at once, and 100 people were killed. Because everyone had only seven bullets, they quickly ran out, so the insurgents had to return to Tang Yan. The uprising still failed because the enemy was strong and we were weak. Only more than 65,438,000 revolutionaries who took part in the uprising returned to Hong Kong.
10. Huanghuagang Uprising:
Huanghuagang Uprising took place on March 29th (April 27th) of the lunar calendar 19 1 year, so it was also called "March 29th Campaign" in history. Sun Yat-sen wrote in the "General Plan for the Founding of the People's Republic of China": "It is also a kind of service, gathering the elites of revolutionary parties in various provinces and fighting with him to the end. Although things failed, the 72 martyrs of Huanghuagang have shocked the whole world, which is actually caused by the situation of the domestic revolution. "
After the failure of the Guangzhou New Army Uprising, Sun Yat-sen saw that the social contradictions in China were intensifying day by day, and he felt that the time for revolution was ripe. 19101013. Sun Yat-sen came to Penang, Malaysia, and held a "meeting on energy conservation" with Huang Xing, Zhao Sheng and Hu, and decided to organize a larger-scale armed uprising in Guangzhou again, with Guangzhou New Army as the backbone.
The League of Nations accepted the lessons of the failure of previous uprisings and made careful preparations before the uprising was launched. There is a special person responsible for fund raising and equipment purchase, as well as organization and liaison. According to the division of labor, Sun Yat-sen went to the United States to raise money from overseas Chinese, and Huang Xing returned to Hong Kong to take charge of the military. 191165438+10 A unified headquarters was established in Happy Valley, Hong Kong, with Zhao Sheng and Huang Xing as the chief commander and deputy chief commander respectively.
In addition, there is a co-ordination department, with Huang Xing and Zhao Sheng as the director and deputy director respectively, and eight classes, including cashier, secretary, reserve, dispatching, transportation, preparation, investigation and general affairs, all of which perform their respective duties.
Guangzhou has set up 38 secret organs. They plan to form a "vanguard" (death squad) with Guangzhou New Army as the main force, 500 overseas Chinese revolutionary youths in Nanyang and revolutionaries in China, Fujian, Jiangsu, Anhui, Sichuan, Guangxi and Guangdong provinces (later increased to 800). First occupied Guangzhou, then Huang Xing led one into Hunan, Zhao Sheng led one out of Jiangxi, and Tan Renfeng and Jiao Dafeng in the Yangtze River valley.
On April 8, the General Planning Department held a meeting and decided to participate in the 13 uprising and attack the city in ten ways. Before the uprising, a secret stronghold was set up in Guangzhou as a place to handle affairs and store ordnance. Unexpectedly, on the day of the meeting, Wen, a member of the League, shot and killed Guangzhou general Fu Qi, the provincial capital was under martial law, and the uprising was forced to be rescheduled.
On April 23rd, Huang Xing went from Hong Kong to Guangzhou to take charge of everything. Due to leaks, Zhang, the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi in the Qing Dynasty, took strict precautions, and Huang Xing was forced to postpone the date of the uprising. Zhao Sheng led more than 300 people out of the province and took refuge in Hongkong to save their strength. Seeing the complicated situation, Huang Xing sent a telegram to the coordination department, saying that "there is an epidemic in the provincial capital, and children should not go home". It means that the situation in the provincial capital is not conducive to me, so the uprising is over and some people who stayed in Hong Kong can't come to the north.
Huang Xingtu also learned that the third battalion of the Qing army was transferred from Shunde to Guangzhou, and eight of the ten sentries in the camp were revolutionaries, so they could wait for an opportunity to pull out the team for an uprising. Huang Xing immediately telegraphed the coordination department, "Mother's illness has recovered a little, and she must buy Tetrapanacis." It means that things are getting better, you all come. After all this, I got separated and couldn't come. Huang Xing was disappointed and thought that the uprising had failed, so he decided to assassinate Lee Joon, the prefect of the Qing navy.
The headquarters reported that there are still many people who have no time to leave Guangzhou, and the patrol is searching for them. Cooperation is better than acting alone. At this time, due to the delay in the delivery of foreign guns from Japan and Annan, and the news that the new army preparing to respond to the uprising will withdraw its troops on May 3 (April 5), the uprising fell into a dilemma that it could not be launched quickly and could not be promoted. If the uprising is postponed again, it will be more passive.
Huang Xing and others temporarily decided to postpone the uprising for one day, scheduled for April 27 (March 29), and changed the original ten-way attack plan to four-way: Huang Xing led an attack on the governor's yamen; Yao Yuping led the army to capture the small north gate, occupied Feilai Temple, and welcomed the new army and scouts into the city; Chen Jiongming led the team to attack the patrol coach; Hu Yisheng led a team to guard the south gate.
At 5: 30 pm on April 27th, Huang Xing led 120 "pioneers" with white cloth, black rubber shoes and bullets. He blew the marching horn with a conch and went straight to the Governor's Office of Guangdong and Guangxi. The guards of the Ministry of Supervision resisted, and the revolutionary army fired bullets, killing Jin Zhenbang, the guard's pipe belt, and rushed into the Ministry of Supervision. The Huanghuagang Uprising in Guangzhou broke out.
Zhang, governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, fled to the prefect yamen of the navy. Huang Xing and others couldn't find Zhang, so they set fire to the Governor's Office and rushed out. They met Admiral Lee Joon's Qin Bing Brigade. When Wen Lin heard that Danielle had comrades, he came forward and shouted, "We are all Han people. Everyone Qi Xin works together to eliminate the aliens and restore the Han Dynasty, so there is no need to fight! No need to fight! " Before he finished speaking, he was shot and killed by the enemy and sacrificed on the spot. Five people, including Liu Yuandong and Lin Yinfa, were also shot.
Huang Xing's two fingers in his right hand were interrupted, so he continued shooting with his broken finger. Subsequently, Huang Xing divided his office into three roads: Sichuan, Fujian and Nanyang party member to attack and supervise the office; Xu Weiyang led 40 Huaxian party member to attack the small north gate; Huang Xing led Fang Shengdong and Zhu Zhixin out of the south gate to meet the scout camp. But at that time, the Hong Kong headquarters received the telegram too late for the insurgents to arrive before the uprising. Yao Yuping can't start without a gun, plus nothing happened to Chen Jiongming and Hu Yisheng.
Only Huang Xing led his troops to fight alone and launched a fierce street battle with the Qing army. Rebels and temperate males plan to attack the naval patrol battalion. They didn't wear white towels for the convenience of going to town. When Fang Shengdong saw that there was no standard, he made a move and the temperate zone fell. The other party immediately fired back and Fang Shengdong died. Wen's soldiers have no leader.
Fighting alone and suffering heavy casualties, the rebels finally failed. Three guards of Huang Xing 10 died, and the rest were scattered. In the end, only Huang Xing was left. Huang Xing hid in a small foreign goods store to disguise himself. A man sent him to Wuxianmen, hired a boat to cross the Pearl River and went ashore to find an underground contact point.
The next morning, Zhao Sheng came to Guangzhou from Hongkong. As soon as they met, they burst into tears. That night, Zhao Sheng returned to Hong Kong by night flight, and Huang Xing returned to Hong Kong on April 30th.
In this uprising, 86 members of the League died. Pan Dawei, a revolutionary, ventured out of the mountain and stepped forward through the mountain pond. He collected 72 remains of martyrs and buried them in Honghuagang, renamed Huanghuagang. So this uprising is called Huanghuagang Uprising. But in any case, the great spirit of the revolutionaries who sacrificed their lives and blood for the revolution shocked the whole country and the world, thus promoting the rapid arrival of the national revolutionary climax.
When Sun Yat-sen learned that the Chicago Uprising failed, he thought that the "bravery and heroism" of the insurgents in this battle was "unprecedented" in the world. "The prestige of the revolution has been enhanced since then, and people's hearts have become more energetic." He said that although the uprising failed, "however, it had a great impact on all countries in the world, and all my compatriots at home and abroad were greatly encouraged."
1965438+On May 5, 2002/kloc-0, Sun Yat-sen published "Salute to the Seventy-two Martyrs in Huanghuagang", saying that "I was silent and lonely, left the grass, failed to get a good start, and buried my eternal hatred". 19 14 said that "although the first revolution was the Wuchang Uprising, it was preceded by the March 29th Guangdong War".
The ten armed uprisings led by Sun Yat-sen have been repeatedly defeated. However, the victims who directly participated in the uprising, especially the "Huanghuagang Uprising", were all warm-blooded men of the Chinese nation. Their lofty dedication inspired more and more people to join the revolution, which eventually led to the downfall of the decadent and backward Manchu dynasty in the artillery fire of Wuchang Uprising.
Extended data:
Ten armed uprisings failed because:
First, the uprising led by Sun Yat-sen was divorced from the masses and did not know the important role of the masses. Sun Yat-sen's armed uprising first needed money, so he kept collecting money abroad and tried his best to raise money.
More than ten years before the Revolution of 1911, Sun Yat-sen's main job overseas was to raise funds, in addition to promoting overseas Chinese. It never occurred to him that he could seize weapons from the enemy. In his view, as long as you have money, you can buy a gun to fight. Without money, you can never resist.
Second, Sun Yat-sen led the revolution by relying on a few social parties and overseas Chinese students. Therefore, the armed uprisings he led always bought weapons first, and then recruited a group of overseas Chinese volunteers, often only a few hundred people.
How can these hundreds of people be unbeaten when they compete with the Qing army? For example, the Huanghuagang Uprising led by him relied on overseas Chinese who sneaked into Guangzhou from Hong Kong. During the uprising, the people of Guangzhou were completely on the sidelines. Sun Yat-sen didn't know the important role of mobilizing the people. Without the participation of the people, it is impossible for the revolution to succeed with only a few "fighters".
Third, not only did Sun Yat-sen fail to mobilize the people, but he didn't even know how to use the new army of the Qing government. Later, the new army launched the Wuchang Uprising. The Wuchang Uprising did not cost Sun Yat-sen a penny, but completely seized weapons from the armory of the Qing government and beat the enemy with enemy weapons, which Sun Yat-sen did not expect.
References:
Baidu Encyclopedia-Sun Yat-sen