Wind is a natural phenomenon caused by air movement, which is caused by solar radiation heat. Sunlight shines on the surface of the earth, causing the surface temperature to rise. The air on the surface expands due to heat and becomes lighter and rises. After the hot air rises, low-temperature cold air flows in laterally. The rising air gradually cools and becomes heavier and falls. The higher surface temperature heats the air and causes it to rise. This flow of air creates wind.
From a scientific point of view, wind often refers to the horizontal motion component of the air, including direction and magnitude, that is, wind direction and wind speed; but for flight, it also includes the vertical motion component, the so-called vertical or lift airflow. Strong winds can move objects and the direction of objects (mass of matter). The wind is moving very fast.
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Due to differences in wind speed, direction and humidity, many types of wind will be generated. Gusts, gales, gales, squalls, storms and hurricanes are common types of winds with Beaufort wind strengths of seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven and twelve respectively.
In the equator and low latitudes, the sun's altitude angle is large, the sunshine time is long, the solar radiation intensity is strong, the ground and the atmosphere receive more heat, and the temperature is higher; in high latitudes, the sun's altitude angle is small, and the sunshine is The time is short, the ground and atmosphere receive little heat, and the temperature is low.
This temperature difference between high latitudes and low latitudes forms a pressure gradient between the north and the south, causing the air to move horizontally. The wind should blow in the direction of the horizontal pressure gradient, that is, perpendicular to the isobars. Blow from high pressure to low pressure.
The earth is rotating, and the force that deflects the horizontal movement of the air is called the geostrophic deflection force. This force deflects airflow to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere. Therefore, in addition to the pressure gradient force, the movement of the earth's atmosphere is also affected by the geostrophic deflection force. The real movement of the atmosphere is the result of the combined influence of these two forces.