A
Original text to appreciate the "story of the bamboo forest"
Out of the city a river, across the river to the west, at the foot of the dam there is a cluster of bamboo forests, bamboo forests reveal a heavy thatched cottage, thatched cottage on both sides are vegetable gardens: twelve years ago, their owner is a very peaceful man, everyone whooped him old Cheng.
At that time, we were specially invited to a gentleman in the ancestral hall to talk about "the outline of the Jian", in order to pick to this garden to cut vegetables, and thus know the old Cheng, the old Cheng has a little girl, very shy and love to laugh, we borrowed to cut vegetables to make fun of her later. We did not know her name at first, asked her, she laughed but did not answer, once saw the old Cheng whistle "San", I took her hand: "haha, three girls!" We have been calling her "Three Girls" ever since. From the name, it seems that the three girls should have sisters or brothers, but we except her father and mother, we really did not see anyone else.
One day, when our husband was not at home, we gathered at the door to throw tiles, and the old Cheng family pinched the joss paper and walked in front of us, and then we saw her turn around, and she didn't follow the original path straightly, but barely smiled and approached us: "Mr. Cheng, please take a look at this stick for me! Take a look at this sign for me." We gathered around to recite the Bodhisattva's lines and asked, "What is it you are asking for?" She told us a long story, and we realized that there were two other girls in her San's head, and now she just needs to have this one, and not be sick anymore.
The old Cheng in addition to planting the Lei, but also fish to sell. In April and May, after heavy rain, the river is full of water, he routinely took a rocking net to the river on a grassy pier - this pier is also the old Cheng family washing clothes place, because the sun can not shoot this, a tree on one side of the shade into a natural pergola. When the water rises, the rubbing stone sinks to the bottom of the river, presenting a green slope, just above the water's surface, the old Cheng old like riding in a rowboat generally stand on the top of the rocking net towards the water to pocket around; if pocketed, then turn around and fall into the dug out swing, - the three girls' small palms, this time followed by her joyful shouts of lively, until the jumping, jumping, jumping, jumping, jumping, jumping, jumping, jumping, jumping, jumping, jumping, jumping. Until the jump jump jump easily to catch, only to sit down on the grass and look at the father.
The water is gurgling, shaking the net from the water to explore, a drop of water hit the water, soaked in the water in the middle of the branch is also impacted by the sound of the click. The three girls gradually put the father stood there are forgotten, just can not stop picking the soil, the mouth also whispered singing; head hair low to the eye, only to raise the brain, not realize that also glimpsed that the monstrous flow of a pile of white foam, suddenly excited, however, immediately disappeared, and bias the head to the leaves cover - make the vision back to the father's body, the father's body, the father's body. There was a sudden "Aaahhh"! This time it was a big fish! And mom came along the dam and said that the salt in the bowl would not be enough for a meal.
Lao Cheng turned his head from the street, thatched roof is smoking, shouting, hiding in the garden to eat vegetables of the pig scampered to run, - the three girls also came out, Lao Cheng from the purse out of a handful of big red head rope: "A three, this braid good?" The third girl snatched it in her hand, and on one side she also took the wine pot and ran to the corner of the stove. "Save it for the Dragon Boat Festival, don't spoil it!" Mom promised, and then put the jug into the hole of the stove. The third girl went to her room for a while and came out again, and when she saw her mother drawing chopsticks, she quickly took out a cup - the only one in the house, always under the care of the third girl - and sent it on tiptoe to the table; but Lao Cheng finally had to move it toward the center himself, and then took out the pot again. . "Dad drinks, I eat dried tofu!" Old Cheng, who really had no use for a downer, drank slowly to the Third Girl.
When the third girl was eight years old, she was able to replace her mother's laundry. However, on the slope of the green doughnut, from now on, there is no trace of Lao Cheng - this just look at the bamboo forest on the other side of the river dam tilted into a flat above, towering a hairless with the teaching teacher (naturally, not our Mr.) with the precepts of the general appearance of the mound of earth, heap in front of the erected three or four only the tip of the coping has not yet chopped off the boughs of the hanging by the rain sticky The significance of this can be known by the bamboo poles with the remnants of paper streamers stuck in the rain.
The old Cheng family is already forty years old mother-in-law, in the usual, wearing clothes are blue cloth, now but tie the shoes of the belt also do not use that water red color just, so it does not appear to be very different. The only three girls of the black ground green flower shoes on the tip of a layer of white cloth, although more good-looking, but called people to see also with the three girls themselves as lazy no words can be said.
However, this is not a permanent situation. The mother and daughter are both so diligent and sensitive, the prosperity of the family, just like this piece of heaven and earth, spring is coming, the bamboo in the forest, the garden of vegetables, all day by day green lovely. Old Cheng's death is just the opposite, more and more indifferent day by day, only the harrier hawk in the head of the house to beat circles, the mother whistled to her daughter, "Go, go to see but in the release of the chicken child." Only then did the third girl walk over to the bamboo forest, knowing that it was her father who slept here. Later, the green grass paved the way for everything, even the fact that there was once a father is almost gone.
In February, the city race dragon lanterns, streets and alleys, really a sea of people. The most people also count the neighboring villages on the women, they are like a whirlwind, large and small lead into a string from this street to that street, the street of the man also took the opportunity to bump into their tits. However, could we see the three girls and their mother? No, not even once! The drums and gongs did not frighten her mother and daughter, just as they did not frighten the birds roosting in the bamboo grove. When the chickens were on the roost, her cousins, who lived below the dam further west than here, invited her to say "Third Sister", but she always declined with a smile. Mom is strongly encouraged to go all the way, the three girls to send guests to the dam, also followed out, to see in the end to climb the pestered to go; however, other people's gradually gone far away, their own is not still a shadow of the general rely on the side of it?
The third girl's refusal, this is very natural, the mother's look on the contrary, a little puzzled! With an inquiring glance toward the mother's face, - but is also looking over, so turned back to look at the direction in which the sisters-in-law went:
"What is there to see? Fighting in groups, as if they were mad!"
These words were intended to liven up the mother, who remained listless and sullen. There is no water in the river, flat sand, now this dam from a distance seems to be winding a snake, standing on it, even smaller to the same black son. From here to look over, semi-circular city gates, but also low slanting almost with the ground together; wooden bridge just like a painting seen, and wriggling to and fro in the beach; in the dam clearly counted, and then to the beach, a turn of the eye is lost in the mind of the mark, only to feel a cluster as if it is a forest on the distant mountains only. As for the raucous noise, but more than standing close to the ear, although I could not hear what was said, the listener's heart was pulled by him early to go. The bamboo forest is the same as usual, the birds are playing their evening song, but for those who are accustomed to hearing it can only increase the silence.
It was mom who broke the silence:
"San, I'm not afraid of cats jumping on me even if I'm dead! I'm not afraid of cats jumping even when I'm dead! You always guard me like this, in the end ......"
Mom did not make a sound, the three girls sorry like uneasiness, suddenly came to this complaint, just now the matter seems to be given a gust of wind to drive away, grow a lot of strength to be annoyed:
"In the end! This also what in the end not in the end! I do not like to play!"
The quarrels between the three girls and their mother were all due to their own over-behavior, such as getting up early in the morning every day and wiping the furniture in the room clean, and their mother said, "The country house, huh, to be like this?" Occasionally a go out to guests, only in the mirror to the scattered hair on the forehead comb a comb, but the mother hard from the box out of a branch of flowers. Now standing on the dam, the tears in the orbits are about to burst out, mom only to keep quiet. At this time of year it is difficult for mom, frowning without turning her eyes to look, and the three girls do not look up! When I lit the lamp on the case, I realized that I had gone into the hut, and this period of time is in a dream past.
The light also immediately saw the three girls, take a bunch of straw, a basket of cabbage just after dinner with the mother in the garden cut back, sit down on the bench three bundled into a hand.
"Mom, this is much bigger than before! Two trees are afraid to have a pound."
Mom how to think of the house still put tomorrow morning to sell the vegetables? The third girl did not rely on her mother's help, and her mother finally accompanied the third girl to bundle with a silent sigh.
The three girls do not go to the street to see the lights, but that year on the back of the father's back is to see how many times, so listen to the gongs and drums knocking in the city resounded outside the city, are able to draw in the memory of what is the situation to. "And then I went up to the east gate, and then I received my reward at the entrance of the Yamen,......," I guessed to myself as I pondered the place where the sound came from. Mom is being a sister-in-law, is also the same joy to catch up, that situation may be more than the three girls remember clearly, but for the three girls as if the general happiness, just unintentionally spit out a few "yes" - this almost makes the three girls rare to The third girl stretched up, "Just now also urged me to go to play miles!"
The third girl really stood up, counted the handfuls, and then put them in the basket to sell early tomorrow morning.
See the three girls lively shoulders on a load of vegetables, must be strange, last night night why so unprofessional, not in the fire under the candle to show that black but beautiful melon-like face? No - if strange, only their own mother. Once people see the three girls picking vegetables, only three girls with three girls of vegetables, the rest do not remember anything, because delayed for a moment, the three girls of Lai can not buy hands; three girls of cabbage is so good, overnight did not soak the water, boiled up more than other people's, eaten more than other people's sweet.
I have lived in the shrine for six long years, the last impression left on me by the three girls, but also in the sale of vegetables this one thing.
The third girl was already twelve or thirteen years old at this time, because it was a summer day, wearing a bamboo cloth singlet, the color is as pale as the moon - this is naturally old, but if it is new, I'm afraid that there is no such fit, but this can not be said to be sure, because we have never seen the third girl through the new clothes: in short, the third girl is a good-looking. She's just a pretty girl. She was as familiar to our eyes as our husband was, except that we ran in at the first sight of him, and stood there laughing at her without realizing it. However, the third girl is so quiet, the closer we come, the more our hilarity will be eliminated, until we picked up the food from her basket, and out of their wallets out of the copper, it is almost like a crime to feel that this is too sorry for the third girl. And the three girls are always very accustomed to, take down the copper and the basket of vegetables on the shoulder.
One day, the three girls were selling green peppers. At this time, the green pepper is not long out of the world, we all agreed to buy four two to cook fish to eat - fresh green pepper cooking fresh fish, is no more delicious. The third girl was weighing with a scale, and we were all overjoyed. Some of us said that we would buy carp, while others said that carp was not as good as bream.
One of them was the best joker, and said to the third girl:
"Third girl, you weigh one or two more, and then when our rice is cooked, you will come and eat it too, okay?"
The third girl laughed:
"Can't you make it easy to eat one of the gentlemen's meals? Do I have to pay for something?"
We all laughed too; not realizing that the third girl had indeed grabbed a handful from the basket and thrown it into the pile she had originally weighed.
"The Third Maiden is not to eat our food; mother is waiting for dinner at home. We have nothing to thank the third girl, only hope that the third girl will touch a good aunt in the future."
I said so.
I said this, but the third girl also drove away.
I haven't seen her since. To this year, I traveled home for the Qingming, cloudy and foggy weather, intend to go to the countryside to see the burning incense, walked to the dam, far away from seeing the bamboo forest, my memories and as if a pond of spring water, was blown up by the breeze wave wrinkles. Are wandering, from the bamboo forest on the dam of the trail, came two women, a standstill, in front of a and walked and responded, and I instantly identified as the three girls!
"My third sister, there is such a busy, Dragon Boat Festival to pick up not to come, in order to get the ancestors to come to the meal is not eaten!"
The woman's words are also clearly heard.
There was no other sound: the third girl's shoes stepped on the sand. I was anxious to walk through the bamboo forest and see, yet I also faced the flowing water for the time being, and let the third girl pass with her head bowed.
October 1924
Synopsis:
Set in a bamboo forest, The Story of the Bamboo Grove uses the first-person technique to describe the life of San, a peasant girl, from her childhood to her marriage, and to portray a virtuous and well-behaved woman. It is one of the most poetic and youthful works in the early period of new literature. The author uses poetic language to write about bamboo forests, vegetable gardens, thatched cottages, and young girls, spiritualizing the natural scenery and elegantizing the worldly characters, and shaping the image of a pure, innocent, elegant, and vibrant countryside laboring girl--Miss San--growing up in the quiet patriarchal countryside with sincere and friendly feelings.
Background:
This is where the tragedy lies in this article, two people who love each other and depend on each other are not good at expressing themselves, and always come down to silence, however, misunderstanding and divide also often stems from deep silence. Mother and daughter not only in the life on the difficult, more in the spirit of loneliness, both lonely, helpless, lonely, between the two produce a kind of indifference and alienation, the two mothers and daughters do not have any warm and intimate exchanges, can only be in the misunderstanding of the gradual strangers estrangement. Coupled with the death of the father, there is no third person to mediate, communicate their atmosphere, can only be gradually embarrassed and estranged, (if the mother later remarried, the three girls are even more reluctant to go home).
Words:
茅屋：
茅草盖的房屋。
Ancestral Hall:
Ancestral Hall is a Confucian place to worship ancestors or sages.
Sister:
Now often used for brother and sister, sister, sister and brother collectively means sister and sister.
Pergola:
A shed dedicated to shade and coolness in summer.
Shouting:
Loudly scolding.
Ringsquare:
Also used as a paperweight.
Harrier Hawk:
Sparrowhawk, a species of Mongrel, smaller than an eagle, with grayish-brown feathers, a white belly with russet transverse spots, and feet*.
Wave wrinkle:
It means wrinkle.
Practice questions:
1. The novel is mainly about the story of the three girls, why is it titled "The Story of the Bamboo Forest" and written about the bamboo forest many times?
Answer: The bamboo forest is the background of the novel's main character, the three girls' family life, is the place where the story takes place; the quiet bamboo forest creates a quiet, uncontested environment; highlights the three girls *, quiet, tough character. The characterization and the natural environment are harmoniously blended and poetic.
2. Analyze the role of "I" in the novel?
Answer: I am a witness to the ups and downs of the three girls' destinies, the narrative adds to the authenticity of the story, and is the clue character of the novel, and the emergence of my perspective is conducive to the expression of the author's emotions.
Two
Original Appreciation of Schindler's List
In artistic creation, there is often a problem of repetition and change. Only repetition without change, the work is bound to be monotonous and boring; only change without repetition, it is easy to fall into the diffuse and chaotic. In works with "continuity", this issue is particularly important. What I call "continuity", some of which is the duration of time; some of which is the duration of the space transfer, because the work or the viewer from a space gradually into another space, but also has the continuity of time, so there is a time, space, the synthesis of the continuity.
Music is a kind of time duration of artistic creation. We can often hear that in a song or piece of music that lasts from beginning to end, there are always some repetitions of phrases, sections - either exactly the same, or slightly changed. Through these repetitions the author achieves unity throughout the piece.
Themes and variations in music are also another example of unity achieved through repetition and variation over the duration of time. In Schubert's Trout Quintet, we can hear an extremely simple and clear "trout" theme that continues throughout the piece, and its endless variations. But these variations are "all the same" - the theme. The accompaniment of the trickling water is repeated over and over again, making you visualize a few trout swimming and playing leisurely in this accompanied "water", thus making you "know the joy of fish".
Much of the art of the stage is a synthesis of time and space. Almost all of the dance to repeat the same action a number of times, and often the repetition of the action and the music of the repetition of the combination, but in the repetition of the corresponding changes; through this repetition and change to highlight a certain effect, to express a certain kind of thought and feeling.
This can also be seen in the artistic treatment of painting.
Song dynasty painter Zhang Zeduan's "Qingming Shanghe Tu" is a familiar painting. Its hand-scroll format gives it a long "continuity" in space and time. The artist utilizes some ****similar features of the trees, boats, houses, and especially the endless rows of tiles1, and arranges them repeatedly in order to achieve the unity of several streets (i.e., the picture). Of course, amidst the repetitions there are simultaneously flashes of endless variations. The focus of the different phases also spirals and changes its position in the picture, step by fascinating step. Before you realize it, the artist has already succeeded in controlling the direction of your feelings with various kinds of repetitions.
The use of repetition is even more pronounced in the Song dynasty painter Li Gonglin's Grazing Figure 2. The entire scroll is a repetition of countless horses, a piece of music, divided into several "themes" and "variations" of "theme" and "music" with "riding" and "horses". The "theme" and "variations" are divided into several "movements", and the few lines of the undulating and gentle slopes of the wilderness and the few lonely trees are its "accompaniment". This "accompaniment" (background) and the theme of the strong contrast between the simple and complex is also the artist's miserable management of the craftsmanship.
Above the kind of repetition and change of the unity of the image of the building plays an extremely important role in the artistic effect. Countless buildings in ancient and modern China and abroad, excluding a few exceptions, almost all to repeat the use of various components or other components as one of the important means of achieving artistic effect.
Take the Great Hall of the People in the capital as an example. One of the most prominent factors in its artistic effect is the dozens of columns. Although in different parts of the column and another column in the height of the size of the column is slightly different, but each column is another column is exactly the same simple repetition. As for the other doors, windows, eaves, fronts, etc., they are all one after the other. This
Repetition is an important factor in giving the building its unity and majesty, and is one of the most prominent features of its image.
One of the most outstanding examples in history is the Ming and Qing Forbidden City in Beijing. From the dismantled China Gate (Daming Gate, Daqing Gate) to one after another, repeated and repeated the thousand steps of the corridors arranged in one breath to the Gate of Heavenly Peace. From the Tiananmen Gate to the Duanmen Gate, the Noon Gate is a repetition of the "thousand and one" of the court room. And then go in, the Taihe Gate and the Hall of Supreme Harmony, the Hall of Central Harmony, the Hall of Bohol become a group of "three halls before" and dry Qingmen and Dry Qing Palace, Jiaotai Hall, Kuning Palace become a group of "after the three halls" of the repetition of the same, it is more like the theme of the music and the "Variations"; each one of itself is also many components and components (phrases, sections) of the repetition; and the east and west sides of the corridor, hipped, building, door, and is relatively low, to repeat the main but there is also a considerable variation of the "accompaniment". However, the entire Forbidden City, each group, each hall, pavilion, corridor, door but all are in accordance with the Ming and Qing Dynasties Ministry of Works "engineering practices" of the unified specifications, unified form of construction, even painting, carving and decoration are also so, are endless repetition. We can say that they are "uniform".
But who can not feel, from Tiananmen Square step by step into, as in a large "hand scroll" in the walk; in the time continued at the same time, the space is also continuous "flow". Those halls, buildings, corridors and huts, although the production method is the same, but every few steps, looking forward and back, left and right, that the entire landscape of the outline, light and shadow, but are constantly changing, one after another, a new picture appeared in the surroundings, ever-changing. Space and time, repetition and change of the dialectical unity of the Forbidden City in Beijing reached the achievement.
The Summer Palace in the Harmony Garden, around the pool around the whole 360 degree circle, can also see this.
As for the Summer Palace promenade, it can be said to be the most uniform. However, it is that the endless repetition of the eye, only to give visitors to the kind of only it can give people a special feeling. Boldly come to a ridiculous vision: the 800-meter promenade of hundreds of columns, hundreds of beams Fang, a square, a round, an octagonal, a hexagonal ......; a fat, a thin, a curved, a straight ......; a wood, a stone, a copper, a reinforced concrete ......; a copper, a steel and concrete, a steel and concrete, a steel and concrete. A reinforced concrete ......; a red, a green, a yellow, a blue ......; a plain and undecorated, a high-floating dragons, a shallow carving of grass, a colorful painted flowers ....... This "thousands of variations" arranged in the past, that the promenade will become what the scene!
Some people will ask: then walk to the corridor before, Le Shoutang lake corridor wall is not a pattern of flowers and windows, a thousand variations of it? Yes. On the corridor as a whole, this is exactly a "small differences", the unity of the small changes in the problem. Both the windows and flowers, "small differences" of the harmonic interest, and no harm to the corridor, "the same" of the unity. And first of all, these small changes in the windows and flowers, as the endless repetition of the corridor column "prelude", but also a "want to raise the first to suppress" approach.
Open a world history of architecture, all the better individual buildings or groups, a street or a square, often to repeat the image of the building and the unity of change and win. Said to be uniform, but also a thousand changes. Each street is a "scroll", a "music". The unity of uniformity and variety plays an important role in the appearance of the city, and over the past 12 years, we planners and designers have not been able to do a satisfactory job in this regard in the architecture of cities all over the country. In order to do more quickly and economically, we have done a lot of standard design, but "good" in both also includes the artistic side, it should also be "blossom". Some of our standard design of residential areas "uniform" to the child cried to find a home; some streets and a house of a style, a style, disharmony; even if they themselves are very beautiful, put together on all "damage" and do not "self-serving", "a thousand variations" to dazzling. We want to blossom, colorful, but also to avoid clutter, each other color; both harmony and unity, the overall integrity, but also to avoid uniformity, monotonous and boring. This annoying contradiction is the architects should seriously ponder the problem.
Over the past 12 years, in the construction of cities across the country, our planning and design staff in this point can not be done to the full satisfaction of the people. In order to do more quickly and economically, we have done a lot of standard design, but "good" in both also includes the artistic side, it should also be "blossom". Some of our standard design of residential areas "uniform" to the child cried to find a home; some streets and a house of a style, a style, disharmony; even if they themselves are very beautiful, put together on all "damage" and do not "self-serving", "a thousand variations" to dazzling. We want to blossom, colorful, but also to avoid clutter, each other color; both harmony and unity, the overall integrity, but also to avoid uniformity, monotonous and boring. This annoying contradiction is the architects should seriously ponder the problem.
Introduction:
This article is a rich, multidisciplinary scientific and technical illustration, in the theory of Chinese architecture is quite representative and influential, but the author did not pretend to be profound to write it into an obscure and difficult to understand the chapter, but simple and simple, understandable and clear, and its character style can be done as a model of learning for the younger generation.
Background:
Liang Sicheng, the eldest son of Liang Qichao, was born in 1901 in Tokyo, Japan, and died in January 1972 in Beijing. He was a contemporary Chinese architect, architectural theorist and educator. He was the main designer of the Chinese People's **** and State Emblem and the Monument to the People's Heroes, and founded the architecture departments of Tsinghua University and Northeastern University. Liang Sicheng was also prominent in architectural theory. In the 1950s, his proposals on the transformation of Beijing's urban areas, cultural relics protection and other aspects of the proposal and the disease of the whistle is quite popular, lamentable, thought-provoking.
Words:
Ambiguous
Notorious
Trance
Rouge
Impenetrable
Thousands of uniformity
Outline
Lane
Practice:
1. The following is not correct in the selection
A.
A.
A.
The most important thing is that he is a great architect. p>
A. The rhetorical devices used in the selection include prose, questioning, simile and hyperbole.
B. The sentence "The unity of uniformity and variety plays an important role in the appearance of the city" is a generalization of the above.
C. The article both analyzes specific examples and gives an overview of the breadth and height of the world's architectural history.
D. "We must not only blossom, colorful, but also to avoid clutter, each other, color reduction; not only to harmonize, the overall integrity, but also to avoid a thousand - law, monotonous and boring" is the central thesis of this paper.
2. The following relevant statements of understanding, the wrong one is
A. "Each street is a shaft 'hand scroll', a 'music'" this sentence vividly illustrates the beauty given by the unity of the streets' uniformity and variety.
B. "Summer Palace promenade, can be said to be a thousand pieces of the particular also" refers to the Summer Palace promenade endless repetition can give visitors a special feeling.
C. "Want to raise the first suppressed" in the text means: Le Shoutang lake corridor corridors columns of the "thousands of uniform" is to better reflect the corridor wall of flowers and windows of the "thousands of variations "
D
D. The meaning of the sentence "'detrimental' and not 'beneficial'" in the text refers to the fact that some houses on the street are not in harmony with each other, and they detract from each other's color.
3. One of the following expressions is wrong
A. Architecture, together with music and painting, achieves unity through repetition and change in a process that lasts in time and space.
B. In the first paragraph of the selection, a series of 20 "a" in a repetitive way to strengthen the "square" "round" "octagonal " "hexagonal" of the so-called "thousands of variations" of the miscellaneous and "ridiculous".
C. "'A thousand variations' to the point that the child cries and can not find home" and "'A thousand variations' to the dazzling "These two sentences point out the real problems in urban architectural design at that time.
D. The concluding paragraph vividly and imaginatively cites the reality that the buildings constructed are not as good as they should be, and puts forward a higher demand for our architects, and for the development of future architectural endeavors.
4. In connection with the text, one of the following expressions is wrong
A. The thesis of the text is the problem of repetition and change in artistic creation.
B. Architectural design strives to achieve the unity of repetition and change, which is determined by the laws of art.
C. The author is good at sifting out what has **** from different categories of materials and discovering **** the same law, thus achieving the realm of integration.
D. The text opens the door to the dialectical and unified relationship between repetition and change in the field of architecture, expressing the author's unique insight into the aesthetics of architecture.