Yang Wanli, a lifelong advocate of resistance to war, against surrender, he gave the emperor many "book", "policy", "zazhi" in the country repeatedly complained about the disease, and denigrate Surrender of error, patriotic feelings, overflowing. He was a clean and honest official, and tried his best not to disturb the people, and the poet Xu Gui praised him as "clean as water, poor but with gold" ("Casting Yang Chengzhai"). Jiangdong transit deputy ambassador after the end of the term, there should be a surplus of money 10,000 coins, but he was abandoned in the official treasury, not to take a penny and return. He was upright, bold in matters, accusing the ills of the time, no fear, so he was never used. In fact, his officials do not catty camp for promotion, in the Beijing officials are always ready to lose their jobs, so in advance, ready to go home from Hangzhou by the travel expenses, locked in a box, hidden in the bedroom, and quit family members are not allowed to buy a thing, for fear of going back home when the baggage is cumbersome. Later, in the fifteen years of idleness at home, or when Han Han's government, Han built a new South Park, he was asked to make a "record", promised to pay a high official, Wanli insisted on resigning, said "the official can be abandoned, 'record' can not be made. " With only a few things, we can imagine his character. The poet Ge Tianmin boasted that his "spine is like iron and his heart is like stone" (see "Southern Song Dynasty Group of Sages and Sages"), and Ge Wuhuai's "Small Collection" (see "Small Collection of Ge Wuhuai"). Ge Wuhuai Xiaoji"), is not the words of posthumous beauty.
Yang Wanli was an outstanding poet of the Southern Song Dynasty and had great influence at that time. His poems, together with those of Lu You, Fan Chengda, and You Zhiqi, are known as the "Four Great Poets of the Southern Song Dynasty". At first, he imitated the Jiangxi School of Poetry, but later he realized that the Jiangxi School of Poetry pursued the form, difficult and astringent shortcomings, and in the 32nd year of Shaoxing (1162), he burned his strength to write more than 1,000 poems, and was determined to break away from the Jiangxi School of Poetry and find another way to do so. He recalled his own creative path in the Preface to Jingxi Collection: "Yu's poetry, began to learn from the gentlemen of Jiangxi, and then learn from Houshan (Chen Shidao) five-word law, and then learn from the old man of the mountain (Wang Anshi) seven-word stanzas, and then learn from the stanzas of the Tang Dynasty. ...... wuxu poetry, suddenly like a realization, then resignation of the Tang and Wang, Chen, Jiangxi gentlemen do not dare to learn, and then pleased as well." He has also clearly expressed in the poem: "Passing the school passes on the clan I'm ashamed, writers each a stream. Huang (Tingjian) Chen (Shidao) under the hedge, Tao (Qian) Xie (Lingyun) before the line more head." ("Trek Xu Gongzhong province dry near the poem" No. 3) is because he does not follow the footsteps of others, beside people under the hedge, dare not turn all the way, to push the new, and finally formed his own, formed his unique style of poetry, the number for the "Chengzhai style". The change of the poetic atmosphere at that time, played a certain role in promoting.
Yang Wanli was a learned man of great talent. His works are unconventional and full of changes, both "return to a thousand soldiers, inverted three gorges, through the heart of the sky, through the moon cave," the majestic and magnificent masterpiece; there are also gestures, write people's feelings, at the drop of a hat, but can make the best of the scenery and lyricism of the small poem. Poetry style is easy and natural, new ideas, humor and fun, fresh and lively, with a strong artistic infectivity. He also paid great attention to learning the merits of folk songs, and drew a lot of vivid and fresh spoken proverbs into his poems, therefore, his works are often "slang and proverbs come out of his mouth" (Jiang Honghe, "Poetry of the Cold Pond"), giving people a pure and simple natural feeling. For example, "The moon bends and shines in the nine states, and several families are happy and several families are sad; the sadness nails the people to shut up about the moon, and they have to go and rest and rest and rest." ("Bamboo Branch Song") is a mountain song that seems to come out of his mouth, reflecting his achievement in learning from folk songs.
Some of Yang Wanli's surviving poems express his patriotic feelings and concern for current affairs. In particular, when he was a companion of Jin He Zhengdan, he crossed the river and Huaihe for the first time to meet the Jin envoys in the north, and saw with his own eyes that the Song Dynasty had fallen into the hands of the Jin people, and that the Huaihe River had become the northern border of the Southern Song Dynasty, and that the people on both sides of the river were unable to travel freely, and he had infinite feelings in his heart, and he wrote a lot of patriotic poems, such as "The boat left the sandy bank of Hongze, and the people arrived at the Huaihe River, and it was not a good idea to go there; Why should Sangqian Fang be far away, north of the mid-stream is the end of the world!" "The boats on both sides of the river are going back and forth, and it is difficult to negotiate with the wave marks. Only the gulls and herons are free to fly from the north to the south." （When he passed by Jinshan in Zhenjiang, he saw that the pavilions in the picturesque Jinshan Mountain had become a place specializing in entertaining the gold envoys to cook tea, and he wrote indignantly, "The end of the big river is a shame for people! Jinshan end for people's sorrow" ("Snow clearing dawn climbed Jinshan") of the poem, a deep scourge of the humiliation of the Southern Song dynasty. In addition, such as "across the Yangzi River", "read the sin of self edict", "the late major Zhang Wei Gong elegy", "Yu Prime Minister elegy", "Yuzhang river environment two", "stayed in the cattle pavilion Qin Taishi graveyard nunnery" and other poems, or to send the thoughts of the family and the country, or call for resistance to the war to restore the country, or to sing the praises of the generals who sacrificed their lives to the enemy, or satirize the power of the country to sell the enemy traitors, are all the famous pieces of Wanli.
He also had some poems reflecting the life of the working people, expressing his concern for people's livelihood and sympathy for the toiling people. For example, "Compassionate Farming", "Observing the Crops", "Sighing at the Farmer's House", "Sighing at the Autumn Rain", "Compassionate Drought", "Song of the Bamboo Branches", "Song of Planting Rice-planting" and so on, which are relatively high in ideology and artistry. But the number of works in the last two categories is not very large.
Yang Wanli's existing poems, most of which are about the wind and the moon and the scenery, and the works of entertainment. In this part, some of his works are too detailed and lack of high artistic generalization, which makes them crude and shallow. But he also has a lot of lyrical landscape poems, due to careful and in-depth observation, vivid and realistic descriptions, sincere and strong feelings, and therefore interesting, quite moving. For example, "Plums leave sour and soft teeth, bananas share green and window screen. The day is long and I have no feelings to sleep, and I watch the children catching willow flowers." ("Idle in the early summer when I take a nap") "I can't really see the rivers and mountains outside the fog, I only recognize the village in front of me by the chickens and dogs. The ferry is full of frost like snow, and the first trace of my green shoes is printed on it." ("On the Fifth Day of the First Month of the Year in the Year of the Gengzi") "In the sound of the stream when the rain comes back in spring, people are intoxicated by the plum blossoms and bamboo shadows." ("New Year's Eve") are written naturally, fresh and lively, extremely thoughtful, and those poets who specialize in describing the wind, clouds, moon and dew on a different path.
Yang Wanli was extremely diligent in his writing, and was rumored to have written more than 20,000 poems, of which more than 4,200 are now extant, and the complete collection of his poems and writings in one hundred and thirty-three volumes, known as Chengzhai ji (Collection of Chengzhai), is now extant.
Yang Wanli (1127-1206 A.D.), Tingxiu, self-proclaimed Chengzhai Yanguo, was a native of Nanxi, Jishui (now Bleach Tong Village, Huangqiao Township, Jishui County). He was an outstanding poet of the Southern Song Dynasty, and was honored as one of the "Four Great Poets of the Middle Ages" together with Lu You, Fan Chengda, and You Zhuan by the later generations.
On the 22nd day of the 9th month of the 9th year of the 1st year of the reign of Jianyan (October 29, 1127), Yang Wanli was born. It was a time of wind and rain. Jin soldiers invaded the Central Plains, in the previous year in leap November captured Bianjing, in April of this year, captured Huizong, Qin Song two emperors and the Prince, Zongqi 3,000 people north, the Northern Song Dynasty was declared extinct; in May, the King of the Kang Zhao Jung assumed the throne as Gaozong, the establishment of the Southern Song Dynasty of the south of the Jiangnan. From then on, it began the Song Dynasty, the Jin Dynasty war and the South weak North strong long-term confrontation.
Yang Wanli lost his mother at the age of eight. His father, Yang Fu (1096-1164 A.D.), was known as Wenqing (文卿), or Nanxi Jushi (南溪居士), and he was well versed in the I Ching (Book of Changes). He was well versed in the Book of Changes, and often purchased books through hunger and cold, accumulating a collection of thousands of volumes over a period of ten years. He once pointed to the collection of books to Yang Wanli said: "is the heart of the sages with it, you child anger!" (Hu Quan, "Yang Jun Wenqing Chi Chi Inscription") under the influence of his father, Yang Wanli read very diligently since childhood, wide teacher erudition, perseverance. At the age of 14, Yang Wanli studied with Gao Shoudao, at the age of 17 with Wang Tingcheng, and at the age of 21 with Liu Anshi and Liu Tingzhi. In the spring of Shaoxing 20 years (1150 AD), he went to Lin'an to take part in the test of the Ministry of Rites, but failed and returned, but still continued to study, and at the age of 27, he studied under Liu Cai Shao. A few years later, when he was serving as an official in Ganzhou, his father took him to see Zhang Jiucheng, who was living in Nan'an, and Hu Jie, who was passing through Ganzhou. Wang Tinggui, Zhang Jiucheng, Hu Quan and other predecessors of the learning, integrity and patriotic spirit of the Lord, the fight against the Jin Dynasty, gave Yang Wanli an important influence.
In the spring of the twenty-fourth year of Shaoxing (1154 AD), Yang Wanli received his bachelor's degree. In the 26th year of Shaoxing (1156), Yang Wanli was authorized as a military officer in Ganzhou. In October, 29th year (1159), Yang Wanli was transferred to Yongzhou Zuling County. At that time, Zhang Pu-Di, the leader of the warring faction, was living in Yongzhou and shutting his door to visitors. Yang Wanli went there three times to pay his respects, but he was not allowed to see him, and only after he was invited by letters and introduced by his son, Zhang Zu, did he get an audience with him. Zhang Jun said to him: "Yuan Fu nobleman, waist gold fiber purple what gap, but Zou Zhi Wan, Chen Yingzhong name and the sun and the moon!" (Luo Dajing "He Lin Yulu" A series of volumes of l) at the same time to encourage the "right heart and sincerity" of learning. Yang Wanli obeyed his teachings all his life, so he named his study room as "Chengzhai" to make himself clear. Hu Quan was living in Hengzhou, and Yang Wanli asked him to write a book on "Chengzhai" for this purpose. For the Prime Minister Zuoling, "one day and get two masters" ("Trek Zhang Wei Gong answered Zhongjian Hu Gong book twelve paper"), Zhang Joon, Hu Quan two patriotic ministers into the Fang Yang Wanli lifelong role model.
Shaoxing thirty-two years (1162 AD) in June, the high Zong Zhao Gong abdicated, the political situation in the Southern Song Dynasty has undergone major changes. When Emperor Xiaozong came to the throne, he was eager to recover and appointed Zhang Pu as the Privy Counselor, and soon after, he was appointed as the Minister. Longxingyuan year (1163) in the fall, Yang Wanli away from Zuoling, to transfer to Lin'an. Because of the recommendation of Zhang Jun, he was appointed as a professor in Lin'an Province. Before his appointment, he returned to Jishui in the first month of the second year due to his father's illness. August 4, the father died, home service, "three years, the household is not closed and no polite" send Wang Caichen to the autumn test preface ").
Qian Dao three years (1167 AD) in the spring, Yang Wanli to Lin'an, has thirst to see the Deputy Privy Councilor Chen Junqing and the Privy Councilor Yu Yunwen, on the political theory of the "Thousand Considerations". The "Thousand Thoughts" was divided into "The Way of the King", "The National Situation", "The Principle of Governance", and "Talents", "On Prime Ministers", "On Generals", "On Soldiers", "Managing Officials", "Selection of Laws", "Selection of Soldiers", "Selection of Laws", "Selection of Laws", "Selection of Laws", "Selection of Laws". Election Law", "Criminal Law", "Redundant Officials", "Civil Affairs "*** 30 articles, profoundly summarized the historical lessons of the difficulties of Jingkang, frankly criticized the corruption and incompetence of the imperial court. It y summarized the historical lesson of the difficulty of Jingkang, frankly criticized the corruption and incompetence of the imperial court, and put forward a set of policies and strategies to revitalize the country, which fully demonstrated Yang Wanli's political talent. After reading it, Yu Yunwen exclaimed: "There is such a person in the southeast! When I first got rid of him, I recommended two people to him, and this person should be the first one." ("He Lin Yulu" B, Volume 4)
Qian Dao six years (1170 AD), Yang Wanli in addition to the Longxing Province, Fengxin County magistrate. Fenghsin drought, the people's life is very difficult. Yang Wanli took office on April 26th, and saw that the prison was full of people who could not afford to pay the rent and tax, but the government office and the government treasury were still empty, so he knew that it was due to the exploitation among the officials. So he ordered to release all the "prisoners" in the prison, and prohibited arrest and whipping of the people, and then sent a notice to each household to relax the amount of tax, the deadline. As a result, the people have come to pay taxes automatically, and in less than a month, all the tax arrears were paid. Although Fengxin served only half a year, but for the first time practiced his politics of not disturbing the people, and was quite successful.
In October of the same year, Yang Wanli was recommended by Yu Yunwen, the right minister, and Yang Wanli started to work as a doctor of state. In the following year, Zhang (bark) due to opposition to the Houxin Xi in charge of important positions offended Yu Yunwen and was squeezed out of the Yuanzhou, Yang Wanli Zhang Wushu resistance chapter to fight against the inappropriate to go to the position, but also wrote to Yu Yunwen, to the right reason to advise, public but forget about private, y praised by the world. In July, the transfer of Dr. Taishang; eight years of pills Dan, rise to Taishang ZE and the right mandarin right to wait for a magistrate; nine years in April, the transfer of the general as a young supervisor. In the first month of the first year of Chunxi (1174), in addition to the Zhi Zhangzhou, not forgetting to send a note on the way, advising the emperor to avoid corrupt officials, honest officials. Later, due to illness, did not go, home for three years. Chunxi four years in the spring, out of Changzhou.
Chunxi six years (1179 AD) in the first month, in addition to the Guangdong Changping Tea and Salt Office. Yang Wanli left Changzhou with his family in February, stayed nearly a year, seven years in the first month from Jishui to Guangdong. In February of eight years, he was reappointed as the provincial governor of Guangdong. In the winter, Min "thief" Shen Shi into the Meizhou, he led the troops to pacify, was called by Emperor Xiaozong, "the courage of the benevolent", given straight to the Secret Pavilion. The first time he did this, he was able to get his mother's name on the list of his favorite characters, and he was able to get his name on the list of his favorite characters.
In October of the eleventh year of Junxi (1184 AD), he was called to Beijing to serve as the right hand of Shangshu, and later served as the Ministry of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In May of the twelfth year, he was called to Beijing to serve as the right hand of the Minister of Justice and later became the minister of the Ministry of Justice. When Wang Huai, the prime minister, asked "what is the most urgent priority for the prime minister", Yang Wanli answered with "talent is the most urgent priority", and put up the "Record of Recommended Scholarships", recommending Zhu Banana and other 60 people, all of whom were honorable men and women. Emperor Xiao-Zong personally yew him for the Prince of the readers, the Prince of the two words for the inscription "Cheng Zhai". Chunxi thirteen years, transferred to the Privy Council to examine the Palace, served as the Shangshu Province, the right Division of Langzhong, the left Division of Langzhong, and still read the Palace of the East Palace. Fourteen years in October, served as secretary of the young director. March 15 years, Emperor Xiaozong Xin Na Hanlin scholar Hong Mai's proposal to Lv Yi Hao and other people with the temple rituals of Emperor Gaozong. Yang Wanli argued for the main war general Zhang Joon when the sacrificial offerings, accusing Hong Mai not once the set of discussions, arbitrary, which is tantamount to "pointing out a deer as a horse", annoyed Emperor Xiaozong: "Wanli to the United States why such as the Lord?" Therefore, cut straight secret cabinet, out of the silk state (now Jiangxi Gaoan).
Sixteen years (A.D. 1189) in February, Guangzong Zen. Yang Wanli in May to straighten the secret cabinet, August was called, September people Beijing. He even on the three zha, asked Guangzong love and care for talent, to prevent sycophancy to "one day diligence, two days of thrift, three days to break, prisoner day pro-gentleman, five said awards straight talk" ("the third zhazi"). in October, in addition to the Secretary Supervisor. Because of shao xi to change the yuan, lent huanzhang pavilion bachelor to receive accompanied by Jin Guo He Zhengdan to make make, and the actual record of the hospital review officer.
In August of the first year of Shaoxi (1190 AD), Emperor Xiaozong's "Calendar" was completed, as a rule, Yang Wanli, the Secretary General, should be the preface for the "Calendar", but the Minister of State has instructed someone else to do so, Yang Halli then robbed himself of his duties, and requested to leave his post, and Emperor Guangzong retained him. Then again because of want to enter filial piety emperor " the holy government " book, the minister to him for into the official, and filial piety emperor is still thinking of the old evil, big unpleasant, so out of jiangdong transfer deputy ambassador.
Shaoxi two years (1192 AD), the court ordered the exercise of iron money in the counties in the south of the Yangtze River, Yang Wanli wrote a letter of advice to block, do not accept the edict, offended the court, and thus changed to Ganzhou. Before going to Ganzhou, in August, Yang Wanli thanked himself for his illness and returned to Jishui." Such as the sick crane out of the cage, such as the rabbit threw the forest ...... since then the screen, and then cut off from the world" ("Reply to Shen Zishou book").
Ning Zong Qingyuan year (1195 AD), there is a call to Beijing, Yang Wanli resigned not to. In September, rose to Huanzhang Pavilion to be system, lifting the Xingguo Palace. In the first month of the fourth year, into the Jishui County open country son, five hundred households. in March of fifth year, promoted to Bao Wenge to be system, to serve. In December of the sixth year, into the Jishui County open country uncle. Jia Tai three years (1203 AD) in August, the imperial edict into the Bao Mo Ge straight Bachelor, to give sash; four years in the first month, into the Luling County Kaiguo Husband, plus cognac three hundred households. Kaixi first year (1205 AD), called to Beijing, resigned; two years in February, rose Bao Moge Bachelor.
Yang Wanli vowed not to serve in his later years, rumor has it that it was because of dissatisfaction with the powerful minister Han Niqi when the country. Han built the South Park, to ask him to make a "record of the household, he said:" the official can be abandoned, the record can not be made! He firmly refused. Afterwards, he became sick with anger because of Han's monopolization of the country. His family knew that he was very worried about the country, and did not dare to inform him of all current political news. Kaixi two years (A.D. 1206) May 7, a nephew from the outside to, I do not know its inertia, and then said the di paper contained Han Ni stomach to send troops to the north, Yang Wanli heard cried bitterly, sighed indignantly: "treacherous ministers, a delusion, a to this!" He expected Han Ni stomach intention to take chances, rash action, will certainly be a failure, and harm the country, that night could not sleep all night. The next morning, he refused to eat, sitting in the study, called the paper handwritten cloud: "Han Ni stomach traitors authoritarian Yuan masters, moving troops and people, plotting to jeopardize the community bed. My head like this, no way to serve the country, but only lonely anger!" And don't write fourteen words to say goodbye to his wife and children, pen down and died. He was 80 years old. Yang Wanli was given the honor of being awarded the title of "Doctor of Guanglu". Yang Wanli was a passionate patriot and a sober politician. He advocated the war all his life, and was always against bending the knee and negotiating for peace. In the many "book", "policy", "zazhi" to the emperor, he repeatedly complained about the country's interests and diseases, to exclude the surrender of the error, patriotic feelings are overflowing. In the face of the fall of the Central Plains, the only remaining half of the mountain situation, he pointed out: "for the world country can not not forget the enemy, the world's worries, there are greater than this!" (Thousand Thoughts? (The State of the Nation) warned the rulers to be always ready for the enemy and to plan for the enemy, and to win the battle against the enemy. He not only boldly criticized Emperor Xiaozong after the defeat of Fu Li, "the courage of the day before yesterday has changed into cowardice, and the sharpness of the day before yesterday has changed into dullness" (ibid., "In the Way of the King"), but also resolutely opposed to the use of military force by some people easily, and blindly ventured into the future, advocating the positive and prudent strategy of "keeping and taking" (《With Chen Yingqiu, Zuoshang Shu》), steadily advancing, and firstly, realizing the national strength, and then attempting to restore it, so as to seek the ultimate victory. He valued and sympathized with the people and believed that "the people are the life of the country and the hatred of the officials." (Thousand Thoughts on the Strategy) (Thousand Thoughts on Civil Affairs). He put the fate of the country in the hands of the people, and criticized the officials for oppressing the people by sucking their bones and marrow, thus provoking the hatred, anger and resistance of the people. Therefore, he reminded Emperor Guangzong to economize on wealth and use, thinly enriched, and to establish the people's heart, the people are rich and then the state is peaceful, and the plan for the development of the country lies in this ("Turning to the Zhazi").Q All these show Yang Wanli's profound insights and progressive thinking.
Yang Wanli was straight and narrow in personality. Emperor Xiaozong said that he was "straight but not in the law", and Emperor Guangzong said that he "also has a sex gas" (Hualin Yulu, vol. 4). He was upright in the imperial court, bold in speaking out on matters, criticizing the ills of the time without fear, and thus he was never used to any great extent. In fact, he regarded his wealth and honor as if it was a trivial exhibition, and was ready to spurn it at any time. In the Beijing Palace, was prepared in advance by Hangzhou to go home to the inventory, locked in the box, hidden in the bedroom, and quit family members are not allowed to buy a thing, so as not to leave once the homecoming baggage cumbersome, so that "day to day as to promote the installation" to be sent. This is a stark contrast to those who seek promotion and suffer from loss and gain.
Yang Wanli is a clean and honest officials, do not disturb the people, not greedy money. Jiangdong transit deputy ambassador of the end of the term, there should be a surplus of money ten thousand seizure, he all abandoned in the official library, not to take a penny and return. He retired to his old house on the South River to escape the wind and rain. At that time, the poet Xu Ji (1162-1214 AD) praised him "clear as water, poor but with gold" ("cast Yang Chengzhai"), is a true depiction of his life of poverty.
Yang Wanli's poems had a great influence at that time: "Who is the master of today's poetry, Chengzhai's poetic discipline is practiced." (Jiang Teli's "Thank you"). (Jiang Teli "thank Yang Chengzhai Hui long sentence") "Four seas Chengzhai sole domination of poetry." (Xiang Anshi "and with rhyme to pay Pan Yang two") his poetry creation, walked through a wide range of learning from a wide range of masters to face reality, master of nature's path. He studied poetry initially by the Jiangxi school of poetry to start, after the thirty-second year of the Shaoxing in Zuoling self-immolation of its lesser poems more than 1,000, determined to jump out of the mold of the Jiangxi school of poetry, poetry to this change; and then learn Chen Shidao five-word law; and learn Wang Anshi seven-word stanzas; and learn the Tang stanzas; to the "wuxu ...... poetry, suddenly as if there are I realized, so I resigned from the Tang people and Wang, Chen, Jiangxi gentlemen are afraid to learn, and then happy as well", since then "all the images come, offer to the poetic material" "the former has not been done and the latter has been forced, lax and do not feel the difficulty of composing poems" ("Jingxi set preface"). Yang Wanli learned extensively from his predecessors.) Yang Wanli learned extensively from his predecessors, but he was never fixed by his predecessors, and was determined to surpass them. He said, "I do not know that there is a predecessor under my pen." (Mai so that guests return at night) and said: "Passing on the school for the shame of me, the writers are a stream, Huang (Tingjian) Chen (Shidao) under the fence rest feet, Tao (Yuanming) Xie (Lingyun) before the line more head." ("Trekking Xu Gongzhong province dry near the poem") It is with this refusal to be under the fence, with the spirit of innovation, and finally "fell out of the skin, from the machine of expression" (Lv Liuliang, Wu Zhi Zhen, Wu Zimu, Song Poetry Notes? Chengzhai Poetry Notes"), a different way, a family of its own, forming a unique style of poetry, creating his "Chengzhai style", unique in the history of poetry, the establishment of their own school of poetry.
Yang Wanli's poetic works are unconventional and varied, with both the majestic and unrestrained momentum of "Returning to the Thousand Armies, Pouring the Three Gorges, Wearing the Heart of Heaven, and Penetrating the Moon Grottoes", and the "gestures of objects and feelings of people, which are detailed and detailed and exhaustive" (Zhou Bidai's "Trekking"). (Zhou Bidai's "Treated by Yang Tingxiu Shirenfeng Long Piece")) of the subtle and delicate power. His "Chengzhai style" poems have the distinctive features of newness, oddity, liveliness, quickness, fun and humor, "flowing round and beautiful" (Liu Kezhuang, "Small Preface to Jiangxi Poetry"), "General Preface"), and the "new and strange" poems have the distinctive features of newness, oddness, liveliness, quickness, fun and humor. General Preface"), "lively stabbing bottom" (Liu Qi, "return to the submerged Zhi" volume 8), especially for people to praise. For example, in "Idle Habitat in Early Summer, Getting Up from Afternoon Sleep": "Plums stay sour and soft to the teeth, bananas share the green with the window screen. The day is long and I have no feelings, but I watch the children catching willow flowers." It was written with a deep and gentle feeling, and was called "a penetrating mind" (He Lin Yu Lu, A partial volume 4). Another example is "Playing Pen", "Convincing Wind Bo", "Lower Hengshan Beach Looking at Jinhua Mountain", "Playing with the Moon on a Summer Night", etc., all of which are written with wit and liveliness, extremely thoughtful, and have a strong artistic influence. Yang Wanli paid great attention to learning the merits of folk songs, and drew a lot of vivid and fresh colloquial poetry, often "false words and proverbs, and came out of the mouth" (Jiang Hongxiang, "Cold Pond Poetry"), and thus formed a common and simple, natural and lively language characteristics.
Yang Wanli is a patriotic aspirant, he was concerned about the fate of the country, leaving a large number of poems expressing patriotic feelings of sadness. Especially when he acted as a companion of the Jin He Zhengdan make, because of the travel between the river, Huaihuai, to welcome the Jin make dumb to see with their own eyes in the Jin Dynasty lost to the great mountains and rivers of the Song Dynasty and the Central Plains of the survivors of the people of the father and the old man, his heart is full of the country's devastation of the great shame and grief, patriotism poems show the most concentrated, the most intense. For example, the famous poem "The First People of Huaihe River": "The boat left the sandy shore of Hongze, and the people arrived at Huaihe River with bad intention. Why should Sangqian be far away, north of the middle stream is the end of the world! (1) "The boats on both sides of the river are going in opposite directions, and it is difficult for them to negotiate with the wave marks. Only the remaining gulls and warblers have no control, the north to the south from the flying two "(its three) sung in the depth of the disaster in the patriotic scholars and the general people's *** with the same feelings. Another example is to see the Jinshan Tunghai Pavilion has become a special place for the Golden Ambassador to cook tea, he issued a bitter cry: "the end of the river for people shy! Jinshan end for people worry!" ("Snowy Misty Dawn Deng Jinshan") lashes out the humiliation and incompetence of the Southern Song Dynasty. In addition, such as "the title of the first mountain in the southeast of the tire army", "read the imperial edict of sin", "the late master Zhang Weigong elegiac words", "Yu ZE Xiang elegiac words", "hosting cattle pavilion qin taishi graveyard an" and so on, or to support the family and country of thought, or call for the war to restore the garden, or praise the gold generals, or satirize the sellout of power and treachery, are all patriotic thought of the masterpieces.
Yang Wanli's vast majority of patriotic poems of sadness, not like Lu You as unrestrained, direct exposure, but the suppression of the ten thousand wild waves in the chest, condensing the bottom of a thousand layers of molten magma, most of the written deep indignation, implicitly not show. For example, in "Crossing the Yangzi River", "I draw water from the center of the river with a bottle to try the first task of making tea". On the surface, it seems to be about the pleasure of drawing water for tea, but in fact, it contains deep and painful feelings of shame and anger, which must be appreciated with reference to "Snowy Misty Dawn Deng Jinshan". Yang Wanli himself said, "Who says that a guest who swallows the moon and eats the clouds has the heart of the master when he is worried." ("Title Liu Gao Shi looking at the clouds") those who sing of the river winds and mountains of his lyrical works, many of them are also the expression of patriotic feelings of poetry. For example, "Yuzhang river lead two", "the moon on the night of September 15, look at the Gui school north Mao south lack, without the ancients out of the record to two stanzas", "drinking under the moon fruit stanzas", "the moon on the night of the first maru", etc., are written in a twisted and ironic, meaningful, containing the country's destruction, the Central Plains have not been restored to the deep anger. In his later years, in "Reading Poems at Night", he described himself sorrowfully: "Two windows and two horizontal scrolls, one reading and one staining the lapel; only the three nights of the moon know your heart of the ages." The deep meaning of the poem is worth chewing on.
"I was born with ten fingers not touched by mud, the hair cone can be proud of the world clothes?" ("late spring line Tian Nan Yuan") Yang Wanli does not regard himself as a scholar, his life love of the countryside, compassionate farmers, also wrote a lot of poems reflecting the life of farmers. Such as "Compassionate Farming", "Farmer's Sigh", "Autumn Rain Sigh", "Compassionate Drought", "over the Baisha Bamboo School Song" and so on to write out the hardship and suffering of peasant life, 1: Song and Dance in Four Seasons, "rice-planting song" and so on to write out the hardships and joys of peasant labor, "looking at the rain", "to the city after the road in the miscellaneous Xing" and so on to the rain, live in peace and happiness of the joy and hope, have a relatively high town, ideology and artistry.
Yang Wanli is very learned, talented, and extremely diligent in writing, and has written a lot in his life. According to legend, there are more than 20,000 poems, more than 4,200 existing poems, prose is also no lack of good. Today, there are 133 volumes of poems and writings in the Cheng Zhai Collection, which was compiled by his eldest son, Yang Changyu, in the first year of Jiading (1208 AD). Yang Changyu (1157-1236 AD), the word Bozi, the name of Dongshan, the late name of the old man of Nongpu, the official Fujian Provincial Commissioner, the Shikwengge Bachelor, the official honesty and integrity, a favorable government, but also learned and talented, poetry and good at writing.
Works Catalog
Early Summer Sleeping Up, Zhaojun Complaints, Xiaoxiao Jinci Sending Lin Zifang Xiaochi
Leisurely Living in Early Summer Afternoon Sleeping Up, Playing Writings, Staying at Xu Gongdian in the New City
And Duan Jicheng Zuo Zanghui four stanzas, crossing the Shanghuling, looking at Zhaoxian Jiangnan North Hill, reading Yan Ziling's biography
Spring and Clearing, Wistful of the Old Garden and Begonia, Spring and Clearing, Wistful of the Old Garden and Begonia, Spring and Clearing, Wistful of the Old Garden and Begonia, Reading Yan Ziling's Biography
Spring and Clearing, Wistful of the Old Garden and Begonia, reading Yan Ziling's Biography The Returning to the City
Beyond Yangcun, the Good Things Come Near, Sending Lu Muguan, Nian Nujiao, Hurting Spring
The Song of Water Songs, Late Breeze, Late Breeze, Wuling Spring, Playing with Writings
Leisurely Living in the Early Summer, Getting Up from the Afternoon Snooze, Small Pond, Dawn at the Temple of Pure Ci, New Willow
Remembering Qin'e, Showaune, Showaune, Showaune, Showaune, Showaune, Showaune