The first battle of the Korean War, the Chinese People's Volunteer Army's official debut of the start of a heavy blow, the western front of the U.S. Eighth Army hit two black eyes, the whole beginning of the unbeatable look.
The U.S. Army has been talking about occupying all of Korea by Thanksgiving Day (November 23) since the Inchon landing, and it didn't expect to be hit hard until it crossed the 38th Parallel, with a loss of more than fifteen thousand men, and the battle line retreated from the Yalu River to the south of the Cheongchon River.
The Korean battlefield is stabilized, how to fight next!
First, MacArthur's conjecture brought the U.S. authorities into the ditch
MacArthur did not know where to get the confidence, no matter how do not believe that China will really send troops, in his view, China will not, and dare not send troops.
The first battle so fierce attack, MacArthur thought it was a few thousand Chinese volunteers, volunteers, like mercenaries, very capable of fighting.
November 8, MacArthur sent a large number of planes, the Yalu River Bridge bombed, which is close to a declaration of war on China, the U.S. government in Washington, D.C., and President Harry Truman angry scolded MacArthur.
But MacArthur said lightly that this would stop Chinese troops and supplies from entering Korea. He didn't realize that the Yalu River in winter is frozen for thousands of miles, and you can run a car.
Subsequent news pleased MacArthur even more, the United Nations soldiers captured a few days ago were released, and they brought the news that the Chinese army is not many people, and do not dare to fight, are retreating back.
MacArthur immediately called a meeting and stated his judgment: there were Chinese troops, but only a few thousand, running towards the eastern provinces, they had no air force, and were even more afraid of the American air force;
so the American army was perfectly happy to have a Thanksgiving Day (November 23rd), followed by a final general offensive on November 24th. "If successful, this should be said to have ended the war in effect." MacArthur concluded.
Based on this, MacArthur decided that a counteroffensive would be launched immediately. It was still the 10th Army on the Eastern Front and the 8th Army Group on the Western Front; to strengthen both fronts, the 25th U.S. Division, the Turkish Brigade, and the 29th British Brigade went to the Western Front; the 3rd U.S. Division was transferred to the Eastern Front.
In this way, the total strength of the United Nations forces on the front reached 220,000, not counting the air force and artillery ready to support. Spectacular ah, Christmas (December 25) before the end of the Korean War, say it is not possible. MacArthur thought.
Second, Marshal Peng Dehuai's vision of the next step of the war
The first battle is not yet over, Marshal Peng Dehuai has a clear vision of the general approach in two cases: first, first look, see how the U.S. Army reacted; and secondly, to launch a more offensive second campaign, which is based on the first step.
First look, is to see the U.S. Army to fight or not, if they stopped, there is the intention to withdraw to the 38th parallel, there is no need to rush to fight, of course, this is unlikely. The second battle is to be fought on this basis, which means we have to take a step back first and build up our strength.
On November 13, 1950, the "inner line of battle, luring the enemy into the depths of each attack." The combat guidelines came out. The specific method of fighting is: first with a small force and the enemy to maintain contact, luring the enemy into the western line to the pavilion hole, Wenjing line, the eastern line to the Changjin Lake area and then a full counterattack;
If the enemy does not take the bait, then we will take the initiative to attack, the western line of the two armies straight into the Shunchuan, Sucheon, the eastern line of the siege of Yongxing, attracting the U.S. army to come to the rescue, to come to a point of enclosure to beat the reinforcements.
These tactics are what our army is used to in the war of resistance against Japan and the war of liberation, and they are very familiar. The frontline troops are fighting and withdrawing, and along the way, they throw their torn clothes and broken weapons on the roadside, looking very wretched.
In order to cooperate with the "baiting of the enemy", but also in order to dismantle the enemy, we also released more than a thousand prisoners captured, and said to them: you go back, and do not napalm bomb us again, it's too horrible. We don't have many people, we just want to protect our northeast.
Three, MacArthur is happy, Peng is satisfied
As a four-star general who fought in World War II, and the title of "Philippine Marshal", MacArthur actually did not suspect that the Volunteer Army stride back what ". He ordered his troops to march forward for the pre-Christmas offensive.
Since the founding of our country, there are two things that have always been puzzling: one is why India must fight a war; the second is the Korean War so obvious posture, the United States just do not believe that China will be sent to the army, the second battle is so obvious to lure the enemy into the depths of the MacArthur just do not know what to do to go forward.
In the end, they just thought that the new China does not dare to fight; the new China scolded them as a paper tiger, in their eyes, China is not even a paper tiger, can only be a paper cat. And MacArthur, not only is this guy arrogant, but he's also racist and white supremacist.
MacArthur arrogantly proclaimed that the Chinese were not a force to be reckoned with, that they were coming to Korea, but they were only 60,000 or 70,000 people at the most, and that 60,000 or 70,000 people were pretty much bombed out, and they were running back.
On November 21st, the Western Front "United Nations Army" completed the battle, so the troops arrived at the attack line. MacArthur was looking at the map, and it was beautiful.
The U.S. Army still does not know that Peng Dehuai commanded in North Korea, the U.S. Army has always thought that it was Lin Biao, and then heard that Lin Biao in the Soviet Union for treatment, the U.S. Army believes that in North Korea should be the commander of the Fourth Field Huang Yongsheng.
Marshal Peng Dehuai is also looking at the map, his heart is more beautiful, everything is the same as he thought, the U.S. Army even arrived early in the designated location, it seems that the preparatory program can be set aside, focus on the main program to play.
On the morning of November 25, the U.S. bombers came to the headquarters of the Volunteer Force is a bombing, the U.S. Army threw the napalm, not only collapsed the command center of the house, but also lit a fire, so that people can not rescue. The first time I saw this was when I was in the middle of the second battle, when I was in the middle of the second battle.
Fourth, the general attack launched, captured a number of U.S. troops, including a number of female soldiers
November 25 dusk, the volunteer army first launched the battle counterattack on the Western Front. The strength of the western front is: 38th Army (Liang Xingchu), 42nd Army (Wu Ruilin), their mission is to take the Deokcheon, Ningyuan area directly, to knock out where the South Korean Army 2nd Corps 7th and 8th divisions, and to tear a hole in the enemy's line.
The 39th Army (Wu Xinquan), 40th Army (Wen Yucheng), 50th Army (Zeng Zesheng), 66th Army (Xiao Xinhuai) were tasked with frontal assaults on the US 8th Army. The specific tasks are: 40th Army is responsible for the US 2nd Division in the area of Sinhung-dong and Su-min-dong; 39th Army, 50th Army and 66th Army are responsible for the US 24th and 25th Divisions in the area of Yunsan, Taechon and Jeongju, as well as units of 27th Brigade of the British Army and the 1st Division of the South Korean Army.
At 4 p.m. on November 25, 1950, the general attack began, a colorful flare creaked into the sky, the light of artillery fire covered the dying sun, and the sound of guns and bugles were heard everywhere around Deokcheon.
Three divisions of the 38th Army launched an attack on the South Korean 7th Division, which was stationed in Deokcheon. The attack went well, but it was also very hard. The 38th Army crossed the mountains and waded through the water; they killed the enemy and captured the prisoners when they met them.
By the evening of the 26th, the 7th South Korean division was surrounded and annihilated, taking a large number of prisoners, including U.S. military advisers, and a lot of weapons and ammunition, cars and guns. Many fighters charged with the three-eighths large cap, and now is carrying Tom submachine guns;
The most exciting is actually found in a logistics warehouse tens of thousands of live chickens, but can not stop to burn the fire stewed chicken ah, ate a few months of fried noodles warriors gulped and put the chicken released.
Wu Ruilin's 42nd Army simultaneously launched an attack on the South Korean Eighth Division, and they went straight to the center of the Eighth Division, mopping up the city of Nyongyuan as well as the surrounding enemy.
In cleaning the 10th regiment headquarters of the South Korean 8th division is, at once, captured more than thirty South Korean officers and seventeen American soldiers, including some American female soldiers, which is the first time that the volunteer army captured American female soldiers.
Fifth, it may be worthwhile to tie the pocket a little tighter
South Korean troops in MacArthur's eyes is not a problem, knocked out on the knockout, put in front is to be knocked out. But two divisions, wiped out in one night, sent shivers down MacArthur's spine. He ordered Walker, commander of the U.S. Eighth Army, to hurry up and close the gap.
Walker sent a regiment of the 1st Cavalry Division and a Turkish brigade to plug the gap that had just opened. The 1st Cavalry Division had fought and lost heavily in its first battle, and its commander, Major General Hobart Gay, had become much more cautious. His troops dawdled and drove slowly behind.
The Turkish Brigade was made up of Turks, men who looked down on both the American and the Chinese armies, and who, in their view, had the world at their feet with the scimitar in their hands.
They ran very fast, fighting while advancing, but also ambushed a "Chinese army", killed more than a thousand, captured more than a hundred prisoners sent back.
The prisoners were brought to a trial, almost did not put the Americans angry dead: Turkey ambushed the South Korean army to escape back. This group of bitter people, lucky to escape the volunteer army, and was hit by the Turks.
In any case put, the Turkish brigade came to the front in a big way, occupied a high ground, and raised a fire at night, ready to rest and fight tomorrow.
Volunteers in the vicinity of the 38th Army 114th Division got the news, that also said what, overnight these guys to clean up, more than five thousand people of the Turkish brigade ran back less than two companies. Cavalry Division one look, I also do not go, go also not a good.
Early in the 114th division to pack the Turkish brigade before, our 40th Army on the western front of the left flank of the U.S. Second Division, the 39th Army on the U.S. Twenty-fifth Division launched an attack; 50th Army, 66th Army is also the local implementation of raids, cut off the U.S. rear road.
By the 26th, the entire US 2nd Division and US 25th Division collapsed, especially the US 25th Division, a whole establishment of black companies all captured, this company is the US Army 24th Regiment, Company C, 148 people are all black.
Since then, the U.S. Army has never had a separate black company, and this is the last one. The battle that captured the black company was the "Battle of Upper Cao Dong", fought by the 116th Division of the 39th Army, which is very famous. The Americans never talk about it, they want to save face.
Not only the Western Front is lively, the Eastern Front is also open, Song Shilun led the Ninth Corps in the Wolverine Mountains will be the U.S. Tenth Army's first division of the Army and the seventh division of the infantry into five sections, the commander of the Eastern Front, Lt. Gen. Almond was anxious to go round and round. They then had no way to even retreat and had to escape by sea.
The situation is already clear, the volunteers want to eat all the American troops on the Western Front. But MacArthur apparently trapped in his own thinking can not extricate themselves, he not only did not pull back the U.S. troops, but also further ordered the left flank of the western front of the U.S. First Army to Dingzhou and Taizhou launched an attack.
If the 38th Army and 42nd Army's penetration is a knife in the back of the U.S. Army, now the U.S. First Army's attack is to send the heads of the 39th, 40th, 50th, and 66th Volunteer Armies, which are waiting for their turn.
The Volunteer Command feels that since the U.S. Army wants to go deeper, our army might as well tie up the pocket a little tighter. Not only do we have to pack in all the American troops, but we also have to make sure that the American troops that we pack in can't get away.
Six, Sanshouli, Longyuanli, Pine Bone Peak ------
Do it, Peng Dehuai to the 38th Army Commander Liang Xingchu, the 42nd Army Commander Wu Ruilin gave the death order: 38th Army and 42nd Army from the Dechuan, Ningyuan breakthrough, the 38th Army circuitous Sanshouli, 42nd Army circuitous Shunchuan, to a double circuit, with the frontal main force! The 42nd Army is in charge of the outer layer. The 42nd Army is in charge of the outer detour, and the 38th Army is in charge of the inner detour.
The two main points of the inner layer are Jaril Ridge of the 112th Division and Sanshoori of the 113th Division. The most critical is Sanshori, which is south of the Datong River rift valley, and north of it is just stuck on the highway for the American troops to escape to the south, and this direction is the only route for the American 2nd Division, the American 25th Division, and the American Cavalry Division to escape to the south, or else they can only jump into the sea.
112 Division in Jarring, 114 Division to clean up the Turkish Brigade went, Sanshoori blockade, non-113 Division. The U.S. Army has three divisions of more than 300 tanks, more than 400 artillery, 113 divisions only a dozen mortars and a small number of anti-tank grenades, they not only have to plug in, but also jammed the enemy; four sides of the enemy battlefield, several times the dog jumped over the wall of the enemy, the success of the battle of the Western Front is here.
The headquarters of the Volunteer Army is not assured, Vice Commander Han Xianchu personally called the 113th Division Division Jiang Chao: "are veterans, not nagging. You leave now and arrive at Sansholi by 6 a.m. tomorrow, with one man left over; no matter what the cost, you must intercept the enemy."
Jiang Chao replied with three words, "Clear." Hanging up the phone, he picked up his pistol and said three words to the deputy division commander, "Let's go." Righteously, 113th Division ran to the dead.
Tasks are conveyed as they go, and meals are eaten as they go. It was not physical strength that supported the volunteer soldiers, but a spirit that had only three words in their minds: sanshoori! They have to cross the more than 1,000-meter Chang'an Mountain and reach it by 6 o'clock without resting.
Headquarters command post, Peng Dehuai, Deng Hua, Hong Xuezhi ...... a group of generals also stayed up all night, waiting for the telegram from the 113th Division. Finally, at dawn, the headquarters of the Volunteer Army received a telegram from the 113th Division: our department arrived at Sansholi ahead of the enemy!
Subsequently, the telegrams did not stop: the enemy attacked Sanshoori, our department asked for instructions on the mission, ---. The Volunteer Army's commander-in-chief, Peng Dehuai, who has not slept a night, slammed his fist on the desktop: nailed to death in Sanshouli, and not allowed to let go of a single enemy!
Sanshouli, Longyuanli blockade battle started.
Seven, the 38th Army did a great job, a battle to achieve the "long live" sound
This battle ah, our army a division, the United States army three divisions, and other scattered remnants of the United Nations forces. The first time I saw this, I was in the middle of a battle, and I was in the middle of a war, and I was in the middle of a war, and I was in the middle of a war, and I was in the middle of a war, and I was in the middle of a war, and I was in the middle of a war, and I was in the middle of a war, and I was in the middle of a war.
These enemies who were repulsed by our frontal forces on the western front know that it is a dead end if they don't open Sanshoori and Longyuanli! Several armies of volunteers in the north are hoofing it here.
Time is running out, the U.S. artillery to the fastest speed to the Sanshouli, Longyuanli pouring ammunition, then, so the infantry off the charge. Also do not care about the formation of dense easy to kill, sea of men, cross over to live.
Many of our soldiers, in position by the bombs to the trail, by the shells bombarded in pieces, by the bullets full of bullet holes - but, as long as there is a person in position, the enemy will not want to cross a step.
The fiercest was Pine Bone Peak, guarded by the 337th Regiment's Third Company and the 335th Regiment's Third Company. Their two companies' strength blocked the US First Cavalry Division, which was covered by dozens of tanks, for six hours without letting the US troops take a step forward.
The U.S. Cavalry Division 1 was hit once in the first battle, and this time they basically collapsed, they don't know why, these hundreds of meters of positions held by the Chinese, just can't get through.
The afternoon, the U.S. Army is also numb, do not know to launch the first few attacks; for death, the U.S. Army seems to be unafraid of, the position has been stacked on top of the corpses there are two or three layers; the strange thing is that has rushed to the place where the gun should have sounded, but there is no sound of gunfire.
On the Pine Bone Peak position, there were only nine soldiers left in our two companies, and there were no more bullets or grenades. The nine comrades said goodbye to each other: good brothers, see you in the next life! Then they took up their bayonets and jumped into the thicket of American troops.
It was dark, and the main force of our army was catching up. The battlefields of Sanshouli and Longyuanli are full of explosions and shouts, and the sky is a flowing fire of gunpowder and trailing light of artillery shells.
What cars, tanks, artillery and rockets, the U.S. Army do not want, they only want life, they desperately run to the south, run to where counted. The U.S. Cavalry Division 1 is finished, they have been hit hard, dead and wounded again more than half; the U.S. 25th Division is the same, 1/3 casualties; the worst is the U.S. 2 Division, their casualties are more than 80%, and they have not a platoon is intact.
At the beginning, the volunteers wanted to wipe out the US army, in reality this really underestimated the mobility of the US army and the powerful firepower, we did not have the means to eat them all.
The next ten days, the U.S. army all the way south, never look back. U.S. Eighth Army Commander Lieutenant General Walker in the process of escaping, the vehicle actually turned over, a lieutenant general commander, so dead on the road to escape, visible at that time of the woes.
This battle, the 38th Army took the credit, their inner encirclement blocking is the key to victory. Volunteers to the 38th Army on the commendation order, the last sentence is "Long live the Chinese People's Volunteer Army", Marshal Peng Dehuai looked at half a day, put pen to add a sentence: 38th Army long live!
VIII, Postscript
The second battle, the enemy casualties 36,000. The 7th and 8th divisions of the South Korean Army were completely annihilated; one reinforced regiment of the 7th division of the U.S. Army was wiped out; most of the Turkish brigade was wiped out; the 2nd division of the U.S. Army and the 1st division of the Land Warriors were annihilated; the 25th division of the U.S. Army and the 1st division of the Cavalry were heavily defeated. Walker, commander of the U.S. Eighth Army, was killed in action. Captured airplanes, artillery, tanks, guns countless.
After the second battle, Li Qiwei, who was the commander of the 8th Group of the U.S. Army, said in his memoirs that the 2nd U.S. Division was completely neutralized at the end of November, which is why it did not take part in the subsequent battles. The U.S. Army had been jittery after retreating to the 38th parallel, and had made extensive defensive preparations on the 37th parallel.
The Volunteers sacrificed 30,000 men in this battle, and then the Korean War basically stabilized around the 38th parallel, and the U.S. Army did not cross the 38th parallel on a large scale.
The victory was glorious, and it was made possible by the blood of countless martyrs; tracing the footsteps of the martyrs and remembering the hardships of the past.
Today, our country has reached a new stage of development, but the difficulties and resistance are no less than before, only that these difficulties and obstacles exist in another style.
The Chinese people are not to be messed with, messed over, is not good!
Salute to the martyrs!!!!