The whole poem is as follows:
Appreciate peony
Liu Yuxi in Tang Dynasty
The peony in front of the courtyard is enchanting and gorgeous but lacking in bones, and the lotus in the pool is elegant, clean and boring.
Only the peony is the real beauty, which attracted countless people to appreciate at the flowering stage and alarmed the whole Chang 'an City.
The whole poem is interpreted as follows:
The peony flowers in the yard are gorgeous, but the style is not high; The lotus on the surface of the pool is bright and clean, but it lacks enthusiasm;
Only the peony flower is the real national color and the most beautiful flower. When the flowers bloom, their grand occasion sensationalized the whole capital.
Sentence annotation
⑴ Peony: a famous ornamental plant. In ancient times, there was no name of peony, which was collectively called peony, and later it was called Mudan Peony. Generally speaking, peony was called after the Tang Dynasty, but it was recorded before the Tang Dynasty.
⑵ Peony before the court: refers to eunuchs and dignitaries. Peony: a perennial herb of Ranunculaceae, which blooms in early summer and looks like a peony. Demon without grid: enchanting and beautiful, but lacking grid. Demon: gorgeous and charming. G: skeleton. No case means low style. Zheng Qian's "Hu Bencao": "Peony, a flower without bones." Peony is also called "wood peony", and peony is a herb, also called "boneless peony", so the author calls it "unqualified".
⑶ Lotus (qú): another name for lotus. Erya Cao Shi: "He, Fu Qu. Its stem eggplant, its leaves, its roots and its flowers are actually lotus flowers, its roots, among which glutinous rice, glutinous rice. " Guo Pu's Note: "(Fuqu) is also known as Furong, Jiangdong Huhe."
(4) national color: the color of dumping the country. The original meaning is the most beautiful woman in a country, which means peony flowers are colorful, gorgeous and noble. Li Zhuo's Song Chuang Miscellaneous Notes: "It's a good poem, because I asked myself,' Who is the first peony singer in Beijing today?' I said to myself,' I heard that Li Zhengfeng, a calligrapher in China, sang many praises among his ministers, saying,' The night of dyeing clothes is beautiful and the national color is full of wine'. When you hear it, you can enjoy it. WU GANG and Zhang Tianchi's Notes on Selected Poems of Liu Yuxi think that this is the author's metaphor for innovators.
5. "Flowers bloom" sentence: It shows that ornamental peony was very popular in the Tang Dynasty. Li Zhao's Supplement to Tang Shi: "You have been in the capital for more than 30 years. It's a pity that you don't spend time playing in the Spring Festival Gala every year. There are tens of thousands of people in the temple for profit. At the end of Yuanhe, Han Ling came to Chang 'an, ranking first, and died suddenly. To say,' am I a girl? Bai Juyi's Collection of Flowers: "The imperial city is dying in spring, and it is noisy for a while. * * * If you say peony, you will buy flowers with you. The price is uncertain, and the reward depends directly on the number of flowers: burn a hundred red flowers and press five bundles of elements. Hang a curtain on it and weave a fence next to it. Sprinkle water and seal it with mud, and the color will not change. Everyone is used to it, and everyone is confused. "Capital: Generally speaking, it refers to Chang 'an, but Liu Kai's Ancient Poems Appreciating Flowers, Bao Sitao's Selected Poems on Scenic Spots in China, and Xie Ming's Selected Poems on Chanting Things in Past Dynasties think that the capital in this poem refers to Luoyang.
Make an appreciative comment
This poem is a tribute to peony, and its praise method is to restrain him and praise him. The poet does not describe the beauty of peony from the front, but writes peony from the side. At the beginning of the poem, comment on peony and lotus first. Peony and lotus are very popular flowers. The poet, on the other hand, praised the peony with "peony without demon" and "pure and affectionate lotus" to set off its high standard and beautiful charm. "Peony" was originally a kind of flower with ornamental value, but according to legend, after Wu Zetian in Tang Dynasty, "Peony bloomed at the beginning and declined" (Preface to Wang Yufu Peony Poetry). Some people even compare the peony to the "flower king" and the peony to the "near waiter". Here, with subjective feelings, Liu Yuxi described peony as enchanting but not high in style. "Lotus" is a flower that often appears lofty and clean in poetry, but Liu Yuxi probably said that she is pure and heartless because she is graceful in the pool and can only watch from a distance but not play near. This implies that peony has four characteristics of demon, purity, elegance and affection, which can be described as the most beautiful among flowers.
The first two sentences use the method of restraining others and promoting the foundation, which paves the way for the emergence of peony, while the third sentence is to praise peony from the front by changing the pen. The word "only" emphasizes that only peony can be called "real national color", which shows the poet's preference for peony. "National color and fragrance" became the evaluation of peony at that time, and was also accepted and used by later generations. Peony is the king of flowers, "every color is fragrant" (Shao Yong's poem "On Peony"). However, this poem does not mention the color and fragrance of peony at all, but only says that "the capital moves when the flowers bloom." This sentence shows the lively scene of people going out of the city to watch peony, in order to praise the color of peony that people love and love. In the poet's eyes, peony is the best "beauty" in the country, because she is super beautiful. Because of the incomparable beauty of peony, the competition caused a sensation in Beijing at the flowering stage, and people rushed to enjoy it, vividly describing the fashion at that time and expressing the voices of most people. The word "move" is used wonderfully here, as if people saw the vivid scene of people being crowded to see peony at that time.
In these four short poems, three kinds of famous flowers are written, which contain the poet's rich aesthetic thoughts. The poet did not forget to praise the beautiful side of peony and lotus, but also highlighted the beauty of peony, which made people think deeply. As flowers and trees, there is no difference in style or emotion, but the poet skillfully and vividly transformed natural beauty into artistic beauty through personification and contrast, leaving an unforgettable impression on people.
Brief introduction of the author
Liu Yuxi (772-842), Han nationality, was born in Pengcheng (now Xuzhou) in China in the Tang Dynasty. His ancestral home was Luoyang, a writer and philosopher in the Tang Dynasty. He claimed to be a descendant of the King of Mountain Scenery in Hanzhong. He used to be a supervisor and member of the Wang Reform School. A famous poet in the middle and late Tang Dynasty, he is known as the "great poet". His family is a scholarly family handed down from generation to generation by Confucianism. Advocating political innovation is one of the core figures of the Wang school's political innovation activities. Later, Yongzhen failed in innovation and was demoted to Sima Langzhou (now Changde, Hunan). According to the textual research of Mr. Zhou, a historian and collector in Changde, Hunan Province, Liu Yuxi was demoted to Sima Langzhou, during which he wrote the famous "Han Shou Chun Wang".