The essays collected in Pilgrimage of Flowers and Evening Gleanings are all reminiscent essays. Prose is the most personal style of writing, the author writes in a relatively relaxed and quiet state of mind, and thus the strokes are quite free: or excitedly recalling childhood memories, or talking about ghosts in the hometown opera, or fondly remembering people, or revealing the deepest pain in the heart~~~~~The writing style is natural and friendly, and it infects you, as if you see Mr. Lu Xun's memory of the past as a fondly remembered old movie, and those beautiful or sad or witty images, ---->
Chao Hua Xi Gleanings
All articles collected in Chao Hua Xi Gleanings are reminiscent essays. The images that are beautiful or sad or witty, - flash before your eyes．
Point 2:
While recalling the past fondly, the author can't forget the reality, and inserts some "miscellaneous writing style" (i.e., discussing the reality) from time to time, thus the article integrates narrative, lyricism and discussion into one, showing the real and rich spiritual world of Mr. Lu Xun.
Key point 3:
As the author has a mind that roams freely in the vast space and time between the past and the reality, his style of language is also rich and varied.
Key point 4:
The author is very good at taking in the small details of life and making the big picture out of the small, writing about people to bring out the charm of the characters, and writing about events to bring out the essence of the events.
Essentials 5:
Because the essay is a very free style, so the author in the layout of the layout of no certain chapters, it seems to be a letter to the pen, the thinking put very "loose", but this is the "form of loose", the article The "God" of the article is not dispersed.
Element 6:
The author uses irony when criticizing and satirizing the old feudal system and morality. On the surface, the author calmly narrates the beginning and end of the incident, but in fact, he is saying the opposite of what he said, and in the narration, he implies the clever irony of "saying here but meaning there".
Element 7:
The author often uses the technique of contrast in his prose.
Life is always full of contradictions between the true and the false, the good and the evil, the beautiful and the ugly, so the use of the contrasting technique is a powerful way to criticize the false, the evil and the ugly, to promote the true, the good and the beautiful, and to enhance the expressive power of the essay. At the same time, we also see Mr. Lu Xun's great hatred and love, love and hatred of the heart.
The Interpretation of the Scream, The Morning Flower and the Evening Gleanings
The Camel Xiangzi tells the tragic story of Xiangzi, a rickshaw driver in the city of Beiping in old China. Xiangzi comes to the city, eager to create a life with his honest labor. With the belief of buying a rickshaw, he tries his best to earn money, just like a small spinning gyroscope. Finally, Xiangzi got his dream car, the car for Xiangzi, I do not know how many pairs of shoes he wore out in exchange. However, fate plays tricks on people, the car has been taken away one after another, Xiangzi's dream fire has been extinguished again and again. However, Xiangzi still refused to give up, and kept on picking himself up and struggling again. Here, I can not help but be touched and compassionate, Xiangzi that perseverance, for the dream and fight for the tenacity and touched; Xiangzi was tortured by the tragic fate, and can only be helplessly frustrated and disappointed to feel pity. This educated me: to be strong in the face of difficulties, failure to stand up by themselves.
After that, during the period from the union with Tigress to her eventual death, Xiangzi's mind was y shocked. In the end, the car was sold, Tigress died, and everything was reduced to nothing, just as it was in the beginning. Everything is like erasing pen marks with an eraser, evaporating everything, leaving only a few deep marks. And in Xiangzi's heart, the deep marks are burned forever. Xiangzi from then on to the world full of hostility, began to take revenge on everyone around. Xiangzi, who was once a righteous man, now began to cheat his friends, use them, and cheat and rob them of everything they had. He becomes treacherous, even shameless. He has changed into a different person, stealing, robbing and cheating, and he will do anything as long as he can get money. After reading this, I can't help but feel sour and disappointed, with a hint of anger. Disappointed that Xiangzi did not stick to it, and was eventually swallowed by the darkness; angry that the former honest and simple Xiangzi is now doing all the things that hurt the world, but he himself is still no remorse.
The tragedy of Xiangzi is a product of the social environment in which he lives. In a dark society, human power is too small. Xiangzi wanted to defeat fate by himself many times, but in the end, he made his body and mind scarred again and again. Xiangzi struggled in the pain again and again, deeper and deeper into the darkness he was gradually twisted, swallowed. Xiangzi, who used to be ambitious and full of backbone, is now only greedy for money. Under the darkness of society and the temptation of money, Xiangzi has no more backbone. "Money will lead people into a bad society, leaving aside noble ideals and willingly walking into hell." Indeed, Xiangzi fights for money for the sake of "life", and among "life" and "ideal", he chooses "life", because only "life" and "ideal" can be realized. He chose "life" out of "life" and "ideal" because only "life" is the only thing the poor can choose. At that time, the life of the poor may be like the two pointed ends of a date palm - it is fortunate to be able to keep from starving to death when one is young; it is difficult to keep from starving to death when one is old. At that time, it is really realized: people's destiny is not entirely under their own control. The main character of the story, Xiangzi, wrestled with life with his tough character and persistent attitude, but in the end, fate still destroyed Xiangzi without much effort.
Dark society, human nature has become distorted, full of hatred between people ......
How Iron is Made Appreciation
Content Summary
Paul Kochagin is the youngest son of a poor worker's family in a Ukrainian town, his father died early, and his mother washed clothes to support the family's income. His father died young, his mother did laundry to support the family, and his older brother, Artyn, was a railroad worker; in elementary school, Paul was cynical and daring + once he was expelled from school for spreading soot into the dough of the stupid and vicious priest.
After the outbreak of the October Revolution, the Red regime was besieged by foreign intervention and reactionary factions in its own country: the political situation in the Ukraine was also more violent and volatile than ever before, and Jukhlai, an old Bolshevik who stayed at Paul's house, was left in the town when the Red Army retreated. Zhukhrai taught Paul boxing and cultivated Paul's simple revolutionary zeal. Once, for rescuing Juhlai, Paul himself was imprisoned. And then the stupid enemy quickly misplaced him: after his release, Paul panicked and jumped into the garden of Tonya's (the forester's daughter) house. Tonya is very fond of the passionate, stubborn and strong personality of Paul, and Paul is also y attracted by the pure, beautiful, neat and elegant Tonya.
Later, his older brother Altsin sent Paul to join the Red Army in Khachadin. In the army, Paul became a cavalryman and fought exceptionally bravely. After the battle, he also liked to read "Gadfly", "Spartacus" and other novels, as soon as he had time to tell his comrades. In a fierce battle, he was seriously wounded in the head and was sent to the hospital: after being discharged from the hospital, Paul stayed in the house of Tonya's relatives. He had a problem with one of his eyes and could not return to the front, but he immediately threw himself into all kinds of difficult work at the local level. Once to participate in the party of the workers comrades, Paul for taking the beautifully dressed and neat Tonya to go with, was ridiculed and ridiculed by the workers? Paul realizes that Tonya and himself are not of the same class, and resolves to break off their relationship.
To supply the city with timber, Paul took part in the construction of the railroad. Autumn rains, mud, snow, and frozen soil made the working conditions increasingly harsh, and the harassment of armed bandits, as well as disease and hunger, threatened Paul and his comrades. But the railroad was built on schedule, and Zhu Hemo, who had been promoted to a member of the provincial party committee, was y moved by their revolutionary zeal and said, "This is how steel is made.
Because of his outstanding achievements, Paul was appointed secretary of the Youth League Committee of a railroad factory, and the female political commissar, Lida, often helped Paul to help him raise awareness and do a good job. Paul gradually fell in love with Lida, but then sacrificed his second budding love for the sake of the revolution, Paul was hospitalized again due to pneumonia, pneumonia is good, but the doctor found shrapnel wounds in his spine. In his hometown to recuperate during the illness, Paul to the martyrdom of the earth tomb in front of the comrade in arms, emotionally, issued a touching and deafening bold words: "The most precious thing is life ...... people's lives should be spent this way ...... "After recovering from the disease, Paul and forget oneself into the revolutionary work: in the work, he resolutely and a variety of non-mainstream ideas and "evil" to fight, on the comrade DuBois "degeneration", he was very sad, resolutely He criticized ......
Paul's health is getting worse and worse. 1924, the party organization had to remove all the burdens on his body, let him long-term convalescence. His eyesight was getting worse and worse. While convalescing on the seaside, Paul met Daya - the youngest daughter of a working-class family: at Daya's home, Paul instigated Daya's revolt against her crusty father and led her to join the Soviets, and Daya and Paul married.
In 1927, Paul became completely paralyzed and subsequently blind. He was also once discouraged and wanted to commit suicide, but his strong revolutionary conviction brought him out of the doldrums again. Under extremely difficult conditions, Paul began to create literature, and in 1934, with the help of his mother, his wife and his comrades, his autobiographical novel "How Steel is Made" was finally published! Paul was so happy that he had a new revolutionary weapon - writing.
Time Background
The book was written in 1932 a 1934. Author N. Ostrovsky (1904-1936) was born in a working family, 12 years old, began to labor, 15 years old to join the **** Youth League, participated in the domestic war to defend the Soviet regime, did the regiment and the party's lower and middle leadership, is the Soviet "excellent ****productivist soldiers After losing his eyesight, he dictated "How Steel is Made" in a sanatorium, which was recorded and edited into a book by others. The author claimed that "before 1924, I didn't know much Russian, and before I became blind, I had only attended a one-year correspondence ****productivist university: because of the legendary quality of the work, which shaped the image of Paul Kochagin, a ****productivist warrior with a will of iron and steel, and the writer's own experience, How Iron and Steel Were Made has become a "textbook" for the world's revolutionary youth to become a success. How Iron is Made" became a "textbook" and "bible" for the revolutionary youth of the world. In the USSR, the book was reprinted hundreds of times, and abroad it was translated into more than 50 languages.
Biography of the Author
Nikolai Alexeevich Ostrovsky was an ordinary Soviet worker, a soldier of the Red Army, a grass-roots cadre of the **** Youth League, and a famous writer and a staunch ****productivist fighter.
Born in 1904, he was born into a family of laborers in the village of Velia in the Ukrainian province of Lovensk. From a very young age, Ostrovsky showed a distinctive character of resistance. Because of his family's poverty, he only studied for three years as a child.
Soon, Ostrovsky was forced to drop out of school. When he turned 10, he had to work as a child laborer in a station cafeteria and as an assistant stoker in a power plant, thus experiencing more hardships in life. The heavy labor of nearly 16 hours a day was often met with slaps and fists. The humiliating life further strengthened his already strong sense of struggle and spirit of resistance.
When Ostrovsky was 13 years old, during the October Revolution of 1917, he met the old Bolsheviks Fedor and Linney. His defiant personality found just the right opportunity and path to join the flood of collective struggle. He became actively involved in the struggle against the invaders and in the defense of Soviet power.
In the fall of 1921, Ostrovsky led a volunteer team in the arduous work of building a railroad spur near Kipu. Conditions were extremely hard and harsh. This is the same scene in which he later wrote about road building in his book "How Steel is Made". Hungry, wet, cold, and working day and night, many people suffered from typhoid fever. Ostrovsky, suffering from typhoid fever and rheumatism, still worked tirelessly until he collapsed on the construction site and was sent home to rest. The following autumn, the base of the store had a big flood, Ostrovsky, who was on sick leave, despite the cold and frailty, stood in the flood to organize the masses to rescue wood. At this time, his condition worsened. The doctor diagnosed that he was physically disabled and could no longer continue to work. The party organization decided to issue him a disability certificate and state allowance. But he steadfastly refused. In 1923, the party organization had to agree to his urgent request, sent him to the frontier to do **** youth work.
At the age of 23 that year, due to overwork, Ostrovsky's health condition is getting worse and worse, until the whole body paralyzed, completely lost the ability to move. In the journey of his life, it could be said that he had reached the final stage of the decisive battle. But the strong desire to continue to work so that he finally with amazing perseverance overcame the disease to overcome the unimaginable difficulties of ordinary people. He diligently read the world's literary masterpieces, studied the relevant historical data, and then picked up the pen, another weapon to continue the fight, began to create literature. 1928, at the age of 24, he finally completed a novel "Kotovsky", that is, the later "how steel is made" of the first draft of a few chapters, which greatly inspired his confidence.
But the first draft of this long novel, which had already consumed so much of his life energy, was lost in the mail. This was undoubtedly another cruel blow to him. After that, his health deteriorated sharply, and in 1930 he lost the sight in his only left eye, but he did not give up on life, but concentrated all his energies on the struggle for survival and continued to write. For this hero with a will as strong as steel, any merciless blow can only make his character steel on steel. 1930, he used his own combat experience as the material, with a tenacious will to start writing a long novel, "How Steel is Made", and finally he overcame unimaginable difficulties and took three years to complete this immortal masterpiece, realizing the ideal of returning to the battlefield.
After the publication of this novel in 1934, it was immediately received by a wide range of readers at home and abroad sincerely and warmly welcomed.1934. Ostrovsky was absorbed into the Association of Writers of the USSR.At the end of 1935, the Soviet government conferred the Order of Lenin, the highest honor at the national level, in recognition of his creative labors and outstanding contributions to literature. In the winter of the same year, he began work on his second full-length novel, Born of the Storm. The novel was originally planned to be written in three large volumes. Unfortunately, on December 22, 1936, just after the first volume of the novel was written, Ostrovsky died in Moscow at the age of 32 due to the recurrence of a serious illness. In addition to the novels, Ostrovsky left us a number of passionate essays, speeches and letters.
Classic Snippets
What does he do with himself now that his health has completely collapsed and he has lost all hope of rejoining the team? He finally makes Bazhanova spit out the truth, and this woman doctor tells him that a more terrible not-so awaits him ahead. What to do? This annoying problem was right in front of him, forcing him to solve it.
What is the use of living when he has already lost the most precious thing - the ability to fight? What would he use to prove that he had lived a worthy life today, in a bleak tomorrow? And what is there to fulfill his life? Eat, drink, and breathe? To be a disempowered bystander, watching his comrades charge forward?
And be a burden to the fighting ranks? He thought of Evgenia Bosch, the leader of the Kiev proletariat. The long-suffering female underground worker had contracted tuberculosis, was incapacitated, and had committed suicide not long ago. She explained her reasons for doing so in a short message, "I can't accept life's handouts. Having become a patient of my own party, I think it is unnecessary to continue living." How about eliminating the flesh that betrayed you as well? Put a bullet in the heart and be done with it! Having been able to live a life that wasn't bad in the past, he should be able to end his life in due course now. Who can blame a warrior for not wanting to suffer the agonizing pains of his deathbed any longer?
His hand touched the smooth Browning pistol in his pocket, his fingers grasping the grip out of habit. He slowly pulled out the pistol.
"Who thought you'd have this day?"
The muzzle looked contemptuously straight into his eyes. He put the pistol in his lap and cursed viciously, "What kind of hero is that, pure impostor, old boy! Any fool, at any random moment, would have shot himself. It's the most cowardly and the least trouble to get out of a scrape that way. Can't live - just die. There is no need for a better way out for cowards. Have you tried to overcome this life? Did you make every effort to break through the iron ring? Have you forgotten how, near Novograd-Volynsky, seventeen charges a day were made, and finally, against all odds, that city was conquered? Hide your guns, and never mention this to anyone.
"It is when life has become intolerable that one must be good at living on, and one must do all one can to make life useful to one's people."
Wonderful Words
◇The most precious thing a person has is life. Life is given to man only once. Life should be spent in such a way that one can look back and not regret the wasted years; nor be ashamed of the inactivity. On his deathbed, he can say, "My whole life and all my energies have been dedicated to the most magnificent cause in the world -- the struggle for the liberation of mankind.
◇For me, there is nothing more terrible in life than falling behind.
Reading Guide
Paul's story should be called a household name in China. Paul's bold words about "this is how one should spend one's life" have been recited by generation after generation of young people. To a certain extent, Paul's spirit has become, together with Lei Feng's spirit, a moral standard and model of behavior for young Chinese students.
Through the history of geographic time and space, "Steel" really shocked the people, is the iron will of Paul, is his disability, dare to challenge all the difficulties of the heroic temperament and fearlessness, this spirit, for any era, any one trying to make a difference is the same need. This is the charm of this work born in the red years, as Romain Rolland commented, "Ostrovsky itself is a poem", of course, is a revolutionary lyric, but also a struggler's March of the Volunteers. Interesting is the story of Paul's love. His three romances with Tonya (the daughter of a forestry officer), Lida (a female political commissar), and Daya (a laborer) imply the spiritual journey of a red Russian man who gradually turns away from the flesh and luxury and converts to the spirit, principles, and ideas. Love for Tonya from the heart of a young boy, that is any person will naturally arise on the beautiful, comfortable life yearning; and Lida commissar's love in the *** with the revolutionary life, "the revolution above all" slogan stifled Paul's heart of the residual love for the Lida; and the workers' daughter Daya's wedding! Instead of love, rather than from the rescue, at this time Paul has been physically crippled and the spirit of the emergence of Paul by the "spirit", "will" to save themselves, but also to take it to light up the eyes of Daya. His spirit has been regarded as "**** the cause of proletarianism prairie light".
Since 1942, the Chinese translation of How Iron is Made has been popular in China for decades, and the release of the new TV series How Iron is Made at the end of 1999 has once again aroused concern for the spirit of Paul. This is a rare phenomenon in the history of literary reception.