What does Bai Juyi's Song of Eternal Sorrow mean?

Song of Eternal Sorrow expresses the criticism of the love tragedy of Xuanzong in Tang Dynasty and praises their eternal love.

original text

The Everlasting Regret

Author Bai Juyi, Tang Dynasty,

The emperor of China, eager to shake the beauty of an empire, has been in office for many years, searching and never finding it.

Until a child of the Yang family grew up in the inner room, almost before she grew up, and no one knew her.

However, due to the gift of heaven and no concealment, it was finally elected royal one day.

If she just turned her head and smiled, there were a hundred spells, and the powder and paint of six palaces disappeared without a trace.

It was early spring. They let her bathe in a pure pool to warm and smooth her creamy skin.

Because she was tired, a maid lifted her up, when the emperor noticed her for the first time and chose her as his bride.

On the night of spring, the warm hibiscus curtains covered her fluttering hair, petals on her cheeks and golden ripples on her head.

But the night in spring is short and the sun rises too fast. Since then, the emperor has given up his early hearing.

He wastes all his time on parties and revelry. He is the lover of spring and the tyrant of night.

There are other ladies in his court, 3,000 of whom are stunning beauties, but his love for 3,000 is concentrated on one person.

The golden house is dressed up to serve the night. When the table in the jade tower is cleaned, she will wander around and drink wine slowly.

Sisters and brothers are in this country because she illuminates and glorifies her family.

When a girl is born instead of a boy, she brings happiness to every father and mother in the empire.

... high rose plum palace, into the blue clouds, and the wide breeze carries magical notes.

Soft songs and slow dances, strings and bamboo music, the emperor's eyes can never stare at her.

Until the sound of drums came from Yuyang, which shook the earth and broke the tune of rainbow skirts and feather clothes.

The Forbidden City, a nine-story palace, is hidden in the dust and travels southwest from thousands of chariots and horses.

The imperial flag opened the way, suddenly moving and stopping, 30 miles from the capital and passing the west gate.

People in the army stop, and no one will move until they are under their hooves. They may trample on those moths.

The gorgeous hairpin fell to the ground, and no one picked it up, a green and white Hosta and a golden hairy bird.

The emperor couldn't save her, so he had to cover his face. Later, when he turned to look, there was blood and tears.

Hidden in the yellow dust from the cold wind, they crossed a cloud line at the crack of the steeple path.

Under Emei Mountain. The last few came, and the flags and banners lost their colors in the fading sun.

But the water in Shu is always green and the mountains are always blue, so your majesty's love is constant and deeper than the sky.

He stared at the desolate moon from his temporary palace, and he heard the rain at dusk, cutting his chest.

Heaven and earth in last contact, the dragon car comes home, and the emperor never leaves.

The memory and pain are buried in the soil of Maweipo. Where is her white face? .

Rulers and lords, when their eyes met, cried on their coats. They rode horses, loosened the reins and slowly returned to the capital.

Pond, garden, palace, everything is the same as before, Taiye Lake hibiscus, Weiyang Palace willow.

But the petals are like her face, and the willow leaves are like her eyebrows. Whenever he looks at them, what can he do but cry? .

Spring breeze blows on your face, peaches and plums bloom at night, and autumn leaves fall all over the ground after autumn rain.

Autumn grass in Xigong Nanyuan, with red leaves piled up on the steps.

Bai Fuxin, a disciple of Li Yuan, and eunuchs in her pepper yard. .

Fireflies were flying on the throne, and he was meditating in the twilight. , he will extend the wick to its end and still never fall asleep. ..

Bells and drums will slowly ring the long night, and before dawn, the Milky Way in the sky will become clear.

And the porcelain mandarin ducks on the roof grow thick morning frost, and the jade is cold, so who and who * * *.

The distance between life and death is year after year, but no beloved soul has visited his dream.

There lived a Taoist priest in Lingqiong. He was a guest in the sky and could summon the gods through his concentration.

People were moved by the emperor's constant meditation, and they begged the Taoist priest to see if he could find her.

He opened a path in space, like lightning, cut through the sky, up and down, looking for it everywhere.

Above, he looked for the green void, below, the yellow spring, but he didn't find the one he was looking for in two places.

Then he heard a narrative about the magical island at sea, and the mountains were in nothingness.

There are pavilions in the five-color sky, and exquisite immortals walk back and forth.

And one of them, they call it forever true, has a face like her snow and flowers.

So he went to the golden gate of the West Hall, knocked on the Jasper Gate, and asked a girl named Small jade to tell Shuang Perfect.

This lady, after hearing the news of Emperor China's envoy, woke up from her dream in her canopy.

She pushed open the pillow, got dressed, shook off her drowsiness, opened the pearly curtain, and then opened the silver screen.

Because she left in such a hurry, her muddy hair ornaments hung aside, and when she came along the platform, her flowered hat was loose.

The wind blew the fairy's robe, as if she were dancing in a rainbow skirt and feather coat.

Tears rolled down her sad and pale face, just like the spring rain on pear flowers.

But when she asked him to thank her monarch, her eyes shone with love. Since they separated, her form and voice were unfamiliar to her.

Because happiness ends in the courtyard of the sun, the moon and dawn become long in the palace of Xianshan.

But when she turned to look down at the earth and tried to see the capital, there was only fog and dust.

He expressed his love for the old man and sent him back a shell box and gold hairpin through his special envoy.

However, one branch of the hairpin and one side of the box were kept, and the gold of the hairpin and the shell of the box were broken.

But your heart is as strong as gold. Somewhere, at some time, on earth or in heaven, we will.

She sent him a message through his messenger, reminding him that only the hearts of the two of them knew the oath.

On the seventh day of July, in the Palace of Eternal Life, we secretly told each other in the quiet midnight world.

We hope to fly in heaven, two birds become one and grow on the earth, two branches of a tree. ..

The earth endures, and the sky endures; One day both will end, and this endless sadness will last forever.

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Ming Di favored beautiful women in the Tang Dynasty. After becoming emperor, he searched for beautiful women for many years, but found nothing.

The Yang family has a daughter who has just grown up and is very delicate and charming. She was brought up in a boudoir, and outsiders didn't know that she was absolutely beautiful. Natural beauty and beauty made it difficult for her to be buried in the world, and soon she became a concubine around Tang. She looked back and smiled, charming and moving; The other concubines in the palace have lost the charm of heavy makeup.

When the spring was chilly, the emperor bathed her in Huaqing Pool, and the warm spring water washed her skin.

The maid helped her, and she was as soft and graceful as a hibiscus, so she began to get the favor of the emperor. The sideburns are like clouds, the face is like flowers, and the head is wearing golden steps. Warm lotus account, and the emperor * * * spring night. Love only hates the short spring night and sleeps until the sun is high. The king loved his children's gentle hometown and never went to court again.

I am too busy to serve you. Spring tour of the emperor, night sleep. There are no fewer than 3,000 concubines in the harem, but only she enjoys the favor of the emperor.

The golden house hides the charming, and pampers the king every night; The jade banquet upstairs adds a bit of charm to drunkenness. Brothers and sisters are proud of her, and the lintel of the Yang family is radiant and enviable. Therefore, parents all over the world have changed their ideas and preferred sons to daughters. In the Huaqing Palace in Mount Li, the Jade Qionglou towers into the sky, and the breeze wafts in all directions of Yue Xian. Singing and dancing are more in tune, and the orchestral melody is vivid. The king watches it all day, but he never gets tired of watching it. The drums of Yuyang chaos were deafening, and the colorful feathers stopped playing in the palace. The Jiuchong Palace was suddenly dusty, and the king fled to the southwest as soon as possible with a large number of ministers, workers and beautiful women.

The team stopped and went, but it was only a hundred miles west of Chang' an city. The Sixth Army stagnated and demanded Yang Yuhuan's death. The king had no choice but to kill Yang Yuhuan at the foot of Mawei Slope. The ornaments on the imperial concubine's head were scattered all over the floor. A green and white Hosta and a golden bird, precious headdresses one after another. The king tried to save him, but he hid his face and wept. Recalling the scene of the tragic death of the imperial concubine, his blood and tears could not stop flowing. The autumn wind swept away the fallen leaves, and the loess dust was gone. The loop zigzagged across the plank road, and the motorcade set foot on the Jiange ancient road. There are few pedestrians under Mount Emei, the flag is colorless, and the sun and the moon are dull. The beautiful scenery of Shu attracted the king's love. Looking at the moon in the palace is sad, and listening to songs on rainy nights is sad. After the rebellion subsided, the king returned to Chang 'an and passed Maweipo, thinking about things and people, and hesitated. Under the steep slope, in the desolate yellow grave, the beautiful scenery has disappeared, only the grave lies in the mountain.

The monarch and the minister looked at each other, and their clothes were wet with tears. Dong Wangjing was saddened. When they came back to the palace from the reins, they saw that the pond garden was still there, the hibiscus beside Grandfather's pond was still there, and the weeping willows in Weiyang Palace had not changed. Furong is like Yuhuan's face, and Liu Yeer is like Yuhuan's eyebrows. How can this scene not be sad? Spring breeze blows away peach blossoms and plum blossoms, which makes people sad; Autumn rain drops on the plane blades, and the scene is even more miserable. Xingqingguan and Ganlutang are depressed everywhere, and autumn grass grows.

The fallen leaves in the palace are full of steps and have not been swept for a long time. The actor's head turned white, and the beauty of the maid-in-waiting faded. At night, fireflies danced in the palace, and the lights went out, so it was still difficult for the king to sleep. Counting the delayed bells and drums, the more you count, the longer the night feels. Look up at the stars until dawn in the east. Who sleeps with the king in a cold jade quilt? Yin and Yang are separated by one year. Why have you never appeared in my dream? Taoist Lin Qiong lives in Chang 'an. It is said that he can attract the soul of the imperial concubine with magic. He was moved by the feeling that the king missed the imperial concubine. He accepted the emperor's orders, did not dare to neglect, searched diligently, and was protected from the wind on all sides. Take the cloud into the air, go straight like lightning, ascend to heaven and search everywhere, and find nothing between heaven and earth. I suddenly heard that there is a fairy mountain surrounded by white clouds on the sea. Fairy mountain surrounded by white clouds.

Exquisite buildings and pavilions are supported by colorful clouds. There are countless fairies, all of which are graceful. One of the characters is too real, and her skin looks like snow, which seems to be the Yang Guifei that the king is looking for. The Taoist priest came to the west of Jinque, knocked on the gate of the jade carving, and called softly, asking Xiaoyu to call the maid Shuangcheng to report. It's true that the king's angel came and woke up from the tent. Put on your clothes, push away the pillow and go out to sleep. Open the screen one by one and put down the bead curtain.

Half-combed with clouds, I just woke up and came down from the altar before dressing, with a wreath askew. Gentle fairy wind blows sleeves and flutters slightly, just like the dance of a dress and a feather. Lonely and sad, tears are always flowing on my face, like pear flowers with rain in spring. He gazed affectionately at the emperor's envoy and thanked the king deeply. I haven't heard from her since we met at Maweipo. The marriage in Zhaoyang Temple has long been cut off, and the loneliness in Penglai Palace remains for a long time.

Looking back on the world, Chang 'an has disappeared, leaving only dust and fog. I can only express my affection with the keepsake of that year. You can take that box of gold hairpin to the king as a souvenir. One for the gold hairpin, half for the cymbal box, gold for the gold hairpin, and precious cymbals for the cymbal box. I hope our loving hearts are as firm and unyielding as Huang Jinbao's, and we will have a chance to meet again forever. When I left, I kindly asked the alchemist to take a message to the king, saying that only the king and I knew the oath.

When the Palace of Eternal Life was empty in the middle of the night on the seventh day of July, we made a pledge of eternal love. In heaven, I would like to be a bird flying with me. On earth, I would like to grow branches together. Even if it lasts forever, there will always be an end, but this life-and-death feud will never end.

To annotate ...

(1) Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty: Originally named Liu Che, that is, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. This refers to Li Longji, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. The literary creation of Tang people is often called Tang in Chinese.

(2) Heavy color: Love women. Fall in love with the country: a stunning woman Li Yannian sang a song to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty: "There are beautiful women in the north, and they are peerless and independent. Take care of the city first, then the country. I'd rather not know this country and the whole city, and it's hard to get another beauty. " Later, "falling in love with the country" became synonymous with beauty.

(3) Yu Yu: If you control the space, you will rule the world. Han Jiayi's On Qin: "Make good use of long-term strategies to levy internal forces"

(4) The Yang family has a daughter: Yang Xuanyan, the prefect, has a daughter who was raised by his uncle and uncle since childhood. At the age of seventeen (in the 23rd year of Kaiyuan), she was canonized as the princess of Li Mao, the son of Xuanzong. At the age of twenty-seven, he was canonized as a imperial concubine by Xuanzong. Bai Juyi called it "born in the inner room, no one knows her", and the author deliberately avoided it for the emperor.

(5) beauty: graceful posture.

(6) Liu Gong Dai Dai: refers to all the concubines in the palace. The ancient emperor set up six palaces, namely the master bedroom (where daily government affairs were handled) and the Yan bedroom (where people rested), which were collectively called the six palaces. Make-up: Make-up is women's cosmetics. Powder is used to wipe the face, and makeup is used to stroke the eyebrows. This generation refers to the women in the sixth house. No color: it means that everyone has lost their beautiful appearance by contrast.

(7) Huaqingchi: Huaqingchi Hot Spring is located at the foot of Lishan Mountain in the south of Lintong District, Xi City. Tangquan Palace was built in the 18th year of Zhenguan in Tang Dynasty (644), renamed Wenquan Palace in the 2nd year of Xianheng (67 1), and renamed Huaqing Palace after being expanded in the 6th year of Tianbao (747). Tang Xuanzong lived here every winter and spring.

(8) coagulate fat: describe the skin as white, tender and moist, just like solidified fat. Jing Fengwei tells people that "the skin is like frozen fat".

Attendant: maid-in-waiting.

(10) New Town Enze: Just got the favor of the emperor.

(1 1) Cloud edge: Mulan's poem: "Cloud edge of window decoration, mirror painted yellow". Describe the female temple as beautiful as a cloud. Jin Buyao: A kind of gold jewelry, which is coiled with gold and silver wires into the shape of flowers, decorated with hanging beads and the like, inserted in the hair temples and swayed when walking.

(12) Lotus curtain: a curtain embroidered with lotus flowers. Describe the subtleties of this narrative. Xiao Gang's Thirteen Rhymes of Xie Huilian: Pearl Curtain, Jade Curtain and Lotus Curtain.

(13) Spring night: wedding night.

(14) Kerry 3,000: History of Empresses in the Later Han Dynasty: Since Wu Yuan, the cost of whoring in the world has increased, and even 3,000 people have been married. There are many women in the harem. According to the Biography of Eunuchs in the Old Tang Dynasty, there were 40,000 maids in Chang 'an Damei, Daming, Xingqing Palace, Taizi Tenth Palace, Huangsun Baisun Courtyard, Dudong Damei and Shangyang Palace during the Kaiyuan and Tianbao years.

(15) The story of Hanwu tells that when Emperor Wu was young, his aunt held him in her lap and asked him if he wanted his daughter Gillian to be his wife. He smiled and replied, "If you get Gillian, you should hide it in a golden house."

(16) plot: sublet land. According to the Biography of Empresses in the Old Tang Dynasty, Yang Guifei had three sisters, and Xuanzong was named the wife of the country. Old aunt, Mrs. Han. Third Aunt, Mrs. Guo Feng. Aunt Ba, Mrs. Feng Qin. The princess's father, Xuanzang, gave the gift to Qiu and Duke Qi. Mother sealed Mrs. Guo Liang. Uncle Jessica Hester Hsuan is Guang Luqing. Then starting with my brother, I became a great scholar. Kun is Princess Taihua, a person who loves war. From his ancestral brothers to the country, he is the right prime minister. Sister. Sister.

(17) Unfortunately: cute and enviable.

(18) Happiness when giving birth to a girl instead of a boy: According to Chen Hong's Song of Eternal Sorrow, there were some folk songs at that time, such as "Don't be sad and unhappy when giving birth to a daughter, and don't like when giving birth to a boy", "Men don't treat women as princesses, but as lintels" and so on.

(19) Li Palace: Li Huaqing Mountain Palace. Mount Li is in Lintong County, Shaanxi Province today.

(20) condensed silk bamboo: refers to the soothing melody accompanied by stringed instruments and wind instruments.

(2 1) Yuyang: County name, which governs Pinggu County in Beijing and Jixian County in Tianjin. At that time, it belonged to the historical cities of Pinglu, Fanyang and Hedong. In the winter of the 14th year of Tianbao (755), An Lushan rebelled in Fanyang. A small drum used by ancient cavalry, referring to war.

(22) Ni (ní) Yi Song: The name of dance music is said to have been presented by Yang, the envoy of Xiliang in the Kaiyuan period of Tang Dynasty, and Tang Xuanzong polished the lyrics, so it was changed to this song.

Name. Music deliberately expresses illusory fairyland and fairy images.

(23) Jiuchongcheng Que: the capital of Jiuchongmen refers to Chang 'an. Smoke: refers to the occurrence of war. Que refers to the buildings on both sides of the ancient palace, generally referring to the palace or the residence of the emperor. Nine Debates on Chu Ci: The Gate of Jun is nine fold.

(24) Heading southwest from thousands of chariots and horses: In June of the 15th year of Tianbao (756), An Lushan broke through Tongguan and approached Chang 'an. Xuanzong led Yang Guifei and others out of Yanqiu Gate and fled to the southwest. At that time, there were not many accompanying guards, and "thousand riding" was an exaggeration. Ride: one person rides a ride.

(25) Cui Hua's two sentences: Li Longji westbound to Mayi Post (now Xingping, Shaanxi), more than a hundred miles away from Chang 'an. He followed the guard and stopped. Please severely punish Yang and his grievances with civilians. Xuanzong had to do this to protect himself.

Cuihuaqi: a flag decorated with kingfisher feathers, used by the emperor's honor guard. Sima Xiangru's "On": The flag is raised and the drum is drummed. Hundred Li: refers to Mawei slope which is more than 100 Li away from Chang 'an.

(26) Sixth Army: refers to the emperor's army. Zhou Li Shimonoseki Sima: Wang Liujun. According to the old and new records in the Records of Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty and Zi Jian, in June of the 15th year of Tianbao (756), Ge went to Tongguan, where he was forced to surrender to An Lushan, but Tongguan failed to hold it, and the capital was in chaos. Xuanzong seeks to benefit Shu, but he is personally levied by imperial edict. After the battle, the scholars were horrified. In the early morning of the next day, Xuanzong fled from Yanqiu Gate, accompanied by only the prime ministers Yang and Wei, who served Gao Lishi, the prince, the prince and the princess, and the emperor and grandson were more than enough. On the day of Chen Bing at Erma Post Station (now north of Xingping County, Shaanxi Province), the armies did not enter. Chen, the general of Longwu, plays: On the contrary, in the name of punishing loyalty and serving the country, Chinese and foreign people have endless grievances. Today, it is shocking that the country is hard to resist and take advantage of the situation. Your majesty should be partial and comprehensive, and it is a big plan for the country. Those who are loyal to their country can be brought to justice. The messenger of Tubo told the post office that Yang even plotted against the barbarians. Soldiers surrounded the post and took control of Yang and Wei, but the soldiers still didn't solve it. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty ordered Gao Lishi to slap him in the face. He replied, "The generals punished the loyalty of the country, and the imperial concubine was in the palace, so people were afraid. Xuanzong ordered Lux to give the imperial concubine suicide.

(27) Wanzhuan: describes the sad and lingering appearance of a beauty before she dies. Moth eyebrow: the name of ancient beauty, referring to Yang Guifei. Feng Wei in the Book of Songs said: A cicada's head flies with a moth eyebrow.

(28) Flower-shaped jewelry made of gold and jade jewelry. Entrust land: discard it on the ground.

(29) Cuiqiao: Jewelry, shaped like the tail of a bluebird. Goldfinch: Goldfinch is shaped like a phoenix (called Suzaku in ancient times). Jade scratch head: jade hairpin. "Miscellanies of Xijing" Volume II: Emperor Wu was out of date and scratched his head with a jade hairpin. Since then, people in the harem have scratched their heads with jade.

(30) Cloud Stack: A plank road high into the sky. Yíngyū: Winding and coiling. Jiange: Also known as Jianmenguan, in the northern part of Jiange County, Sichuan Province, it was the key point for Qin to enter Shu.

Tao. The mountain here is like a sword, the cliff here is broken, and the two mountains are like doors. Zhuge Liang chiseled stones and crossed the plank road in the air when he was in Shu.

(3 1) Emei Mountain: Emei Mountain in Sichuan Province. Xuanzong didn't pass Emei Mountain on his way to Shu, which generally refers to the high mountain of Shu.

(32) Palace: the temporary residence of the emperor when he is not in Beijing.

(33) Ring the bell in the rainy night: "Addendum to Ming Di Miscellaneous Notes": "Ming Di is fortunate in Shu and travels southwest. When I first entered the inclined valley, it rained for more than ten days and I smelled it in the rain on the plank road.

The bell corresponds to the mountain. On earth, I mourn the imperial concubine and choose her voice as "Lin Yuling's Song" to express my regret. "Here alludes to this matter. After that, "Yulinling" became the epigraph name of Song Ci.

Everything has turned for the better: it shows that the situation is improving. In 757, Guo Ziyi army regained Chang 'an. Huilongguan: The emperor's car is back.

(35) that memory, that depression. Where is her white face? According to Biography of Empresses in the Old Tang Dynasty, Xuanzong returned from Shu and ordered envoys to pay homage to Yang Guifei and have him reburied in his original place. At the beginning, the boil was covered with a purple mattress, the skin was rotten, and the sachet was still there. Officials offered sacrifices, and the emperor watched sadly, making it look like a different temple, watching day and night.

(36) Believe in the horse: it means to whip the horse unintentionally and let the horse move forward.

(37) Great grandfather: There is a great grandfather pool in the Han Palace. Weiyang Palace: There was Weiyang Palace in Han Dynasty. This refers to the Chang 'an Palace in Tang Dynasty.

(38) Xigong Nanyuan: The palace is called ouchi. Xigong is the Taiji Palace in the west, and Nanyuan is Xingqing Palace. After Xuanzong returned to Beijing, he first lived in Nanyuan. In the first year of Shangyuan (760), under the guise of Su Zong, the right official Li coerced Xuanzong to move westward and exiled his cronies Gao Lishi and Chen.

(39) Liyuan disciples: refers to musicians and dancers trained by Xuanzong in that year. Liyuan: According to the Records of Rites and Music in the New Tang Dynasty, the institution that taught music in the Xuanzong Palace in the Tang Dynasty once sent 300 people to coach singing and dancing, and has always been called "the disciples of the Emperor's Liyuan".

(40) Pepper Room: The place where empresses live, hence the name, is plastered with pepper and mud. Supervisor: the maid in the palace follows. Qing 'e: Young maid-in-waiting. According to the Records of Officials in the Book of the New Tang Dynasty, there is a supervisor and a deputy supervisor in Neiguan Palace, counting seven items.

(4 1) Pick out the solitary lamp: in ancient times, oil lamps were used for lighting. In order to make the light on, you should pick up the oil-soaked lamp grass later. Pick it up, it means it's late at night. According to the press, the palace of the Tang Dynasty lit candles instead of oil lamps at night, aiming at describing the bitterness of Xuanzong's living environment in his later years.

(42) Late: Late. It turns out that the starting and ending time of bells and drums is used here to describe Xuanzong's mood when he can't sleep at night.

I'm worried: I look dim. Want to dawn: When will the night dawn?

(44) Yuanyang tiles: tiles that are relatively inclined together on the roof. "The Biography of the Three Kingdoms Shu Wei Ji Fang" contains: Two tiles of Wendi's dream house fell to the ground and turned into a pair of mandarin ducks. The roof tiles are combined with each other, which is called yin-yang tile, also known as Yuanyang tile. Frost flower: Frost flower.

(45) Emerald blanket: a quilt embroidered with jade birds on the cloth. Chu Ci evokes the soul: jade beaded quilt, rotten Guang Qi. Said it was precious. Who and * * *: Who and * * *.

(46) There lived a Tianke Taoist in Lingqiong: It means that a Taoist came to Chang 'an from Lin Qiong. Lin Qiong: In today's Qionglai County, Sichuan Province. Hongdu: the palace gate of Luoyang, the capital of the Eastern Han Dynasty

Name, here refers to Chang 'an. History of the Emperors in the Later Han Dynasty: In February of the first year of Guanghe, he began to set up a bachelor's degree in Hongdumen.

(47) Soul: Attracting the dead soul of Yang Guifei.

(48) Alchemist: A person with magic power. This refers to Taoist priests. Diligence: Do your best.

(49) Venting and gas control: that is, walking on clouds.

(50) Poverty: Exhausted, looking everywhere. Blue sky: the sky. Yellow: underground.

(5 1) Fairy Mountain on the Sea: Historical Records Zen: The mysterious and mysterious three sacred mountains of Penglai, Abbot and Yingzhou are spread in Bohai Sea.

(52) Exquisite: gorgeous and exquisite. Five clouds: colorful clouds.

(53) Graceful: light and soft. Zhuangzi's Pleasure Tour: From the mountain shot from the ancient hills, God and people live together, and their skin is like ice and snow, and they are graceful as virgins.

(54) Uneven: It seems that it is almost the same.

(55) Jin Que: "Taiping Yu Lan" Volume 66. Quote Dadong Yujing: In Qing Dynasty, there were two palaces, the left entrance and the right entrance. West Chamber: Er Ya Shi Gong: There is a Japanese temple in the east and west chambers. The west wing is on the right. Tim: Yumen. That is, the change of jade que.

(56) I also asked a girl named Yingying to tell Shuangjue: It means that there are many courtyards in Xianfu, so we have to notify them. Xiao Yu: Fu Cha, Wu Wang. Twin cities: the legendary maid of the Western Empress Dowager. Here all refer to Yang Guifei's fairy maid.

(57) Jiuhua account: embroidered with colorful accounts. Jiuhua: heavy flower pattern. Exquisite words and descriptions. Biography of Empresses in Song Dynasty: Zhao Yang's Wheel in Han Dynasty, Wei Jiuhua's photo.

(58) bead foil: bead curtain. Silverscreen: A screen decorated with silver. You: One by one.

(59) New sleep: I just woke up. Sleep, wake up

(60) mèi: sleeves.

(6 1) Yu Rong is lonely: this refers to a gloomy and sad look. Dry: criss-crossing. Tears are everywhere here.

(62) Gaze (d √): Gaze.

(63) Zhaoyang Hall: the bedroom of Zhao, the favorite concubine of Emperor Hancheng. This refers to the palace where Yang Guifei lived.

Penglai Palace: the legendary fairy mountain on the sea. This refers to the imperial concubine's residence in Xianshan.

(65) huán: Human.

(66) Old things: refers to the pledge of Xuanzong's engagement with him when he was alive.

(67) Send it: Ask the Taoist priest to bring it back.

(68) Leave two words for the hairpin: divide the gold hairpin and the cymbal box into two halves, and keep half for yourself. Break up: separate. Divide cymbals: Divide the pattern on the cymbal box into two parts.

(69) farewell message: when the imperial concubine says goodbye, it is important to ask him to take a message.

(70) Two hearts know: only Xuanzong and Guifei know.

(7 1) Eternal Palace: Built in the first year of Tianbao (742), Lishan Huaqing Palace. According to July, the following six sentences are made up by the author. Chen Yinque said in Bai Yuan's Poems: A Song of Eternal Sorrow: "The seven-night private oath in the Immortal Palace was an added story, but it was not true at that time." "Xuanzong Linxing Wentang will be in the cold winter and early spring. Today, I have carefully examined the two books of Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, and I have never been lucky in the hot summer. " The so-called longevity hall is not the longevity hall of Huaqing Palace, but the customary name of the bedroom hall of Chang 'an Palace.

(72) Two-winged bird: the legendary bird name. It is said that when a male and a female are together, only one eye and one wing can fly.

(73) Connecting branches: The trunks of two trees embrace each other. The ancients often used these two things to describe lovers falling in love and never parting.

(74) hate: regret. Continuous: continuous.

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As a narrative poem that will never be sung again, Song of Eternal Sorrow has achieved great artistic success ... Throughout the ages, many people have affirmed the special artistic charm of this poem. What infected and seduced readers with the art of Song of Eternal Sorrow? Touching, I am afraid, is its greatest artistic personality, and it is also the power that it can attract readers, make them infected and tempted for thousands of years.

Creation background

The early years of Yuan Dynasty and Bai Juyi's creation of "Song of Eternal Sorrow" were in the middle Tang Dynasty, when social and political corruption, economic decline, and the separatist regime in the buffer region were invaded by Tubo. The people in the middle Tang Dynasty witnessed the vicissitudes of the times, were dissatisfied with the reality of social division, turmoil and decline, and missed the unity, stability and prosperity of the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Therefore, from monarchs to ministers, to literati gatherings, geisha pubs, and street talks, there has been an atmosphere of talking about the legacy of Kaiyuan Tianbao in all walks of life, and it is also a social issue that people are generally concerned about to explore the lessons of Kaiyuan Tianbao from prosperity to decline. In the middle Tang Dynasty, the social ideological trend of nostalgia for the prosperous times and dissatisfaction with reality was reflected in the field of literature, which correspondingly produced a new creative trend, that is, the creative trend with the theme of recalling the social life in Kaiyuan Tianbao era. On the one hand, the literati collected all kinds of legends in the era of Kaiyuan Tianbao and wrote miscellaneous histories or legendary novels; On the other hand, these widely circulated legends provide rich themes for poetry. Poets either reminisce about the prosperous times, look forward to revival, or look back on the past and feel sad for the country's good fortune, or use the past to satirize the present and criticize the current disadvantages, and create many memorable poems. Bai Juyi's Song of Eternal Sorrow belongs to the latter.

Brief introduction of the author

Bai Juyi (772-846), whose real name was Lotte, became a Buddhist in Xiangshan and drunk in his later years. Originally from Taiyuan (now Shanxi), he moved to Xiaao (now Weinan, Shaanxi). Zhenyuan Jinshi, awarded the secretary provincial school book lang. During the Yuanhe period, he served as a doctor of Zuo Zangyi and a doctor of Zuo Zanshan. Later, due to the above requirements, the murderer who stabbed Prime Minister Wu was severely arrested, offended powerful people and was demoted to Jiangzhou Sima. In the early years of Changqing, he was appointed as the secretariat of Hangzhou, and Bao Li was appointed as the secretariat of Suzhou in the early years, and later served as the minister of punishments. In literature, he advocated that "articles should be written in time, and songs and poems should be written for things", and he was an advocate of the New Yuefu Movement. His poems are popular, and it is said that old women can understand them. He often sings with Yuan Zhen and is called "Bai Yuan" in the world. There is Bai Changqing Collection.